Stephen Murray-Smith

Stephen Murray-Smith
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Melbourne, 9 Satumba 1922
ƙasa	Asturaliya
Mutuwa	Mount Eliza (mul) , 1988
Ƴan uwa
Yara	view Joanna Murray-Smith (en)
Karatu
Makaranta	University of Melbourne (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	Masanin tarihi da marubuci
Employers	University of Melbourne (en)
Kyaututtuka	gani Member of the Order of Australia  (8 ga Yuni, 1981)

Stephen Murray-Smith AM (9 Satumba 1922 - 31 Yuli 1988) marubuci ne, edita kuma mai ilimi ɗan ƙasar Australiya.

Rayuwar farko da ilimi

Mahaifin Murray-Smith yana gudanar da wani kasuwanci mai riba da jigilar dawakan Australiya zuwa Indiya don sojoji. Wannan ya ba iyalin damar zama a Toorak, ɗaya daga cikin yankunan karkara mafi arziki a Melbourne, kuma ya tura Stephen zuwa makarantar Geelong Grammar School daga 1934. Ya bayyana gidansa a matsayin "marar littattafai", duk da haka, ya ƙara da cewa mahaifiyarsa "mai karatu ne mai yawan ƙwazo a duk rayuwarta," yana samun littattafanta daga ɗakunan karatu da na jama'a.[1]

Kasuwancin, da dukiyar, sun "rushe a shekarar 1938, lokacin da sojojin Indiya suka yi amfani da fasahar zamani", amma karimci daga makarantar da kuma daga kakan Murray-Smith ya ba shi damar ci gaba da karatu a Geelong Grammar kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1940. Daga baya Murray-Smith ya bayyana Geelong Grammar a matsayin "makarantar matsakaici mai kyau amma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya". A matsayinsa na sakataren kungiyar harkokin jama'a a makarantar, ya "gayyaci Ralph Gibson na jam'iyyar Kwaminis don ya yi magana da mu a makaranta - a ƙarƙashin JR Darling, irin wannan makaranta ce".

Ya yi shekara guda a Jami'ar Melbourne kafin ya shiga aikin soja a ƙarshen 1941. Tun yana ƙarami, ya rubuta cewa a cikin shekaru uku kafin ya shiga aikin soja ya karanta littattafai 314, waɗanda ɗaya kawai, Flying Fox da Drifting Sand na Francis Ratcliffe, ɗan ƙasar Australia ne.

Yaƙi da jami'a

A watan Yulin 1942, Murray-Smith ya tashi zuwa New Guinea, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai harbin bindiga na Bren a cikin rundunar kwamando, 2/5th Independent Company. Rundunarsa ta yi yaƙi da Jafanawa a Wau . Ya ba da gudummawa ga tarihin kamfanin bayan yaƙin, wanda John McLaren ya ce, "Bayanansa game da wahalar filin jirgin, mummunan harin da aka kai wa wani sansanin Japan, haɗarin tallafin jiragen sama na ƙawance, da rashin kulawa mai ban dariya na komawa daga Wau sun bayyana sarai yadda ake zama ɗan ƙasa a cikin mawuyacin hali kuma a ƙarshen dogon jerin umarni." Daga baya Murray-Smith ya tuna: "Sojojin sun haɗa muhimman darussa guda biyu da na koya daga makarantar kwana: yadda ake rayuwa a ƙarƙashin matsaloli, da wauta ta iko."

Bayan an sallame shi daga aiki a farkon shekarar 1945, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a Melbourne, inda ya kammala digirin girmamawa a fannin fasaha a tarihi sannan ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Dip. Ed., yayin da yake taka rawa sosai a harkokin siyasa na ɗalibai tare da abokinsa na kud da kud Ian Turner.