Strike in Baixa do Cassange
| Iri |
strike (en)  |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 4 ga Janairu, – 6 ga Maris, 1961 |
| Ƙasa | Angola |
Yajin aikin a Baixa do Cassange wanda kuma ake kira tawayen Mariano da yaƙin Maria, yajin aiki ne wanda ake la'akari da yunkurin siyasa na farko da zai haifar da yaƙin neman 'yancin kai na Angolan bayan wata ɗaya da yaƙi da 'yan mulkin mallaka na Portugal a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa a lardunan ƙasar Portugal na ketare. An fara zanga-zangar ne a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1961 a yankin Baixa do Cassanje, gundumar Malanje, na ƙasar Portugal ta Angola. Washegari, hukumomin Portugal sun yi nasarar murkushe tawayen. [1] A ranar 4 ga watan Janairu yanzu ita ce Ranar Damuwar Shuhada ] Mulkin [ ( Dia dos Mártires da Repressão Colonial ), ranar hutu ta ƙasa a Angola.[2]
Tawaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]3 ga watan Janairu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 3 ga watan Janairun 1961, ma'aikatan aikin gona da ke aiki da Cotonang, wani kamfanin noman auduga na Portugal-Belgium, sun gudanar da zanga-zangar neman a inganta yanayin aiki. [1] Zanga-zangar wacce daga baya ta zama tawaye ta Baixa de Cassanje, ta samu jagorancin wasu mutanen Angola biyu da ba a san su ba, António Mariano da Kulu-Xingu. [3] A yayin zanga-zangar, ma'aikatan 'yan ƙasar Angola sun kona katin shaida tare da kai hari ga 'yan kasuwar Portugal a harabar kamfanin. Zanga-zangar ta haifar da wani babban bore, wanda hukumomin Portugal suka mayar da martani da wani hari ta sama a washegari a ƙauyuka ashirin da ke yankin, inda aka kashe ɗimbin mutanen ƙauyen. Yayin da jam'iyyar People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) ta yi ikirarin cewa harin da aka kai ta sama ya kashe mutane kusan dubu goma, yawancin alkaluma sun kai daga 400 zuwa 7,000. [4] [5] Ana tunawa da ranar danniyata shahidan i'yqn mulkin mallaka suka kashe kowace shekara tare da hutun jama'a a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu. [6]
15 ga watan Maris
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, wata biyu bayan haka, União das Populações de Angola (UPA), ƙarƙashin jagorancin Holden Roberto, sun yi wata gagarumar tawaye a yankin Bakongo da ke arewacin Angola. Manoman Bantu 'yan Angola da masu aikin noman kofi ne suka shiga bore, kuma a fusace suka kashe fararen hular Angola kimanin 1,000 a cikin 'yan kwanaki, tare da wasu 'yan ƙasar da ba a san adadinsu ba. [7] Masu tarzomar sun kona filayen noma, gadoji, cibiyoyin gwamnati, da ofisoshin 'yan sanda, tare da lalata jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa da dama. [7] Hotunan da aka zana na mutanen da aka yi wa fyaɗe da yankan rago sun harba wa jama'ar Portugal wuta, kuma Sojojin Portugal sun kafa wani kamfen na yaki da ta'addanci wanda ya lalata ƙauyuka da dama tare da kashe wasu mutane 20,000 kafin a kawo ƙarshen tashin hankalin a watan Satumban 1961. [7] [8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Manuel Jerónimo (2008). "Angola: "Baixa De Kassanje" Massacre Turns 47 Years". Angola Press Agency via allAfrica. Retrieved January 5, 2008. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "a" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Angolans celebrate Colonial Martyrs Repression Day". Agênica Angola Press. January 4, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ↑ George, Edward, The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991, New York: Frank Cass Publishing Co., ISBN 0-415-35015-8 (2005), p. 9
- ↑ Wright, George, The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945, Pluto Press, ISBN 0-7453-1029-X, 9780745310299 (1997), pp. 5–6
- ↑ George, Edward, The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991, New York: Frank Cass Publishing Co., ISBN 0-415-35015-8 (2005) p. 9: Some sources state as many as 7,000 Angolans were killed in the air raids.
- ↑ "Business Practices in Angola". Lloyds Bank. December 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
- 1 2 3 George, Edward, The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991, New York: Frank Cass Publishing Co., ISBN 0-415-35015-8 (2005) pp. 9–10
- ↑ Walker, Frederick, A Certain Curve of Horn: The Hundred-Year Quest for the Giant Sable Antelope of Angola, New York: Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-4068-8 (2004), p. 143: Commenting on the incursion, Roberto said, "This time the slaves did not cower. They massacred everything."