Suakin

Suakin
Wuri
19°06′09″N 37°19′48″E
Jamhuriya	Sudan
State of Sudan (en)	Red Sea (en)
Babban birnin	Habesh eyalet (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	43,337 (2009)

Suakin or Sawakin (Arabic: سواكن, romanized: Sawākin, Beja: Oosook) is a port city in northeastern Sudan, on the west coast of the Red Sea. It was formerly the region's chief port, but is now secondary to Port Sudan, about 30 miles (48 km) north.

Suakin ya kasance ana ɗaukarsa tsawo na alatu na zamani a kan Bahar Maliya, amma tsohuwar birni da aka gina da murjani yanzu ta lalace. A shekara ta 1983, garin da ke kusa da shi, wanda aka fi sani da Geyf, yana da yawan mutane 18,030. A shekara ta 2008, Suakin yana da yawan mutane 82,150 bisa ga ƙididdigar wannan shekarar. Jiragen ruwa suna gudana kowace rana daga Suakin zuwa Jedda a Saudi Arabia.

Magana

Sunan Beja na Suakin shine Oosook . Wannan mai yiwuwa ne daga kalmar Larabci suq, ma'ana kasuwa. A cikin Beja, shari'ar locative don wannan ita ce快, inda Suakin zai iya samo asali. Rubutun a kan sigogi na Admiralty a ƙarshen karni na 19 shine "Sauakin", amma a cikin sanannen manema labarai "Suakim" ya fi rinjaye.

Tarihi

Tsohon zamani

Suakin mai yiwuwa ne tashar Ptolemy ta Good Hope, Limen Evangelis, wanda aka bayyana kamar yadda yake kwance a tsibirin da ke kewaye a ƙarshen dogon ƙofar. A karkashin Ptolemies da Romawa, duk da haka, babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Bahar Maliya ita ce Berenice zuwa arewa. Ci gaban KHalifa Musulmi ya sauya kasuwanci da farko zuwa Hijaz sannan zuwa Tekun Farisa.

Zamanin Tsakiya

Ginin Suakin a cikin rushewa

Ɗaya daga cikin sarakunan Suakin, Ala al-Din al-Asba'ani, ya fusata Mamluk sultan Baybars ta hanyar kwace kayan 'yan kasuwa da suka mutu a teku da ke kusa. A cikin 1264, gwamnan Qus da janar dinsa Ikhmin Ala al-Din sun kai hari tare da goyon bayan Aydhab. An tilasta wa Al-Asba'ani ya tsere daga birnin. Ci gaba da ƙiyayya tsakanin garuruwan biyu an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar rahotanni cewa bayan halakar da Aydhab ta Sultan Barsbay a cikin 1426, an kashe 'yan gudun hijira, waɗanda suka gudu zuwa Suakin maimakon Dongola, dukansu.

Duk da biyayya ta gari ga Mamluk a cikin 1317, O. G. S. Crawford ya yi imanin cewa birnin ya kasance cibiyar Kiristanci har zuwa karni na 13. Baƙi Musulmi kamar su Banu Kanz a hankali sun canza wannan: Ibn Battuta ya rubuta cewa a cikin 1332, akwai musulmi "sultan" na Suakin, al-Sharif Zaid ibn-Abi Numayy ibn-'Ajlan, wanda ɗan sharif ne na Makka. Biye da dokokin gado na yankin, ya gaji jagorancin yankin daga kawunsa na Bejan. Tare da faduwar ikon Mamluk a ƙarshen karni na 14, kabilar Hedareb ta karɓi birnin tashar jiragen ruwa kuma ta sanya shi babban birninsu. Suakin ya kafa kansa a matsayin mafi mahimmancin tashar jiragen ruwa ta arewa maso gabashin Afirka tare da Bahar Maliya. A cikin karni na goma sha biyar, Suakin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Adal Sultanate na ɗan lokaci. Portuguese sun kewaye Suakin a 1513 kuma an kama shi a takaice a 1541.

Ottoman

Taswirar 1541 na Suakin ta João de Castro

Bayan nasarar Ottoman na Masar a 1517, Daular Ottoman ta zama babbar iko a cikin Bahar Maliya. Bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci na gwagwarmayar Ottoman-Portuguese a cikin Bahar Maliya, Özdemir Pasha ya mamaye Suakin a farkon shekarun 1550. Kodayake an sarrafa shi ne kawai, har sai an kafa lardin Ottoman na Habesh a cikin 1555 tare da mazaunin pasha a Suakin . Ottomans sun dawo da manyan masallatai guda biyu - Shafi'i da Hanafi, sun karfafa ganuwar sansanin kuma sun gina sabbin hanyoyi da gine-gine. Yayin da Masu binciken Portuguese suka gano kuma suka kammala hanyar teku da ke kewaye da Afirka kuma Ottomans ba su iya dakatar da wannan kasuwancin ba, 'yan kasuwa na yankin sun fara barin garin.