Sufi whirling

Sufi whirling
type of dance (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	meditation (en) da Islamic dance (en)

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Tsaunin ...

Whirling Dervishes, a bikin Rumi na 2007

Juyawar Sufi (ko Juyawar Sufi ) ( Turkish An aro daga Sama-zan na Farisa, Sama, ma'ana sauraro, daga Larabci, da kuma zan, ma'ana mai aikatawa, daga Farisa) wani nau'i ne na tunani mai aiki wanda ya samo asali daga wasu ƙungiyoyin Sufi, kuma har yanzu ana yin sa a cikin Sufi dervishes na tsarin Mevlevi da sauran umarni kamar Rifa'i-Marufi. Wannan aikin tunani ne na al'ada da ake yi a cikin sema, ko bikin ibada, wanda ta hanyarsa ake yin dervishes (daga darvish na Farisa درویش, wanda kuma ake kira semazens, daga Farisa سماعزن ) nufin cimma ƙarin alaƙa da Allah . Ana neman wannan ta hanyar barin tunanin mutum, girman kai ko sha'awarsa ta kashin kansa, ta hanyar sauraron kiɗa, mai da hankali kan Allah, da kuma juya jikin mutum a cikin da'ira mai maimaitawa, wanda aka gani a matsayin kwatancin taurari a cikin Tsarin Rana da ke kewaye da Rana.

Aikin Mevlevi ya haifar da salon Masar, tanoura, wanda kuma aka bambanta shi da amfani da siket mai launuka daban-daban. Wannan kuma ya rikide ya zama rawar da ba ta Sufi ba, gami da masu rawa a wajen duniyar Musulunci .

Asali

Mevlevi dervishes a cikin Pera na Jean-Baptiste van Mour

A matsayin umarni, mawaƙin asiri Rumi ne ya kafa ƙungiyoyin Dervishes masu juyawa a ƙarni na 13. Da farko, ƙungiyoyin 'yan'uwantaka na Sufi ( Arabic ) an tsara su a matsayin shugabanci inda membobi ke bin ƙa'idodi da aka tsara don hidimar shehi ko ubangida don tabbatar da aminci a gare shi. Ana kiran memba na irin wannan ƙungiyar da darwish na Farisa. Waɗannan turuk suna da alhakin shirya bayyanar addinin Musulunci na rayuwar addini, wanda galibi aka kafa ta hanyar tsarkaka masu zaman kansu ko kuma ya samo asali ne daga rarrabuwar tsari da ke akwai. Kowace tariqa ta Sufi ta samo asali ne daga silsila ta musamman, ko "sarkar tsari" wanda dole ne memba ya koya, kamar yadda silsila ke ɗaure kowane memba ga Allah ta hanyar sarkar tsari. Silsila na mutum ya wuce ta malamin memba na mutum ɗaya, zuwa malaminsa da sauransu, ta hanyar lokaci har sai mutum ya haɗu da Annabi da haka Allah. Ana girmama Annabi da kansa a matsayin wanda kuma ya kafa Sufanci, wanda aka gano shi ta hanyar jerin tsarkaka.

Aiki

 

Mawaki yana yin al'adu daban-daban, wanda babban cikinsu shine zikiri, tunawa da Allah. Zikirin ya ƙunshi karanta addu'ar Musulunci ta ibada. Wannan zikirin yana haɗe da motsa jiki, musamman rawa da juyawa, don isa ga yanayin da waɗanda ba sa nan suke ɗauka a matsayin "masu ban sha'awa". Kamar yadda Sufaye suka bayyana:

A cikin alamar al'adar Sema, hular gashin raƙumi ta Semazen (sikke) tana wakiltar kabarin girman kai; farar riga mai faɗi ( tennure ) tana wakiltar lulluɓin girman kai. Ta hanyar cire baƙar mayafinsa ( hırka ), an sake haifarsa zuwa ga gaskiya a ruhaniya. A farkon Sema, ta hanyar riƙe hannayensa a gefe ɗaya, semazen ya bayyana yana wakiltar lamba ɗaya, don haka yana shaida haɗin kan Allah. Yayin da yake juyawa, hannayensa a buɗe suke: hannun damansa yana fuskantar sama, a shirye yake don karɓar alherin Allah; hannunsa na hagu, wanda idanunsa suka makale, yana juyawa zuwa ga duniya. Semazen yana isar da baiwar ruhaniya ta Allah ga waɗanda ke shaida Sema. Yana juyawa daga dama zuwa hagu a kusa da zuciya, semazen yana rungumar dukkan bil'adama da ƙauna. An halicci ɗan adam da ƙauna don ya ƙaunaci. Mevlâna Jalaluddîn Rumi yana cewa, "Duk soyayya gada ce zuwa ga ƙaunar Allah. Duk da haka, waɗanda ba su taɓa ɗanɗana ta ba ba su sani ba!"

Daga cikin tsarin Mevlevi, ana yin zikr a cikin suturar gargajiya: rigar tennure, riga farar riga, rigar destegul, jaket mai dogon hannu, bel, da kuma rigar baki ko khirqa da za a cire kafin a fara jujjuyawar. Yayin da rawa ta al'ada ta fara, dervish yana sanya hular ji, sikke, ban da rawani da aka naɗe a kai, alamar kasuwanci ta umarnin Mevlevi. Sheikh ne ke jagorantar al'adar da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. Da farko,

Sheikh yana tsaye a kusurwar da ta fi daraja a wurin rawa, kuma dervishes suna wucewa kusa da shi sau uku, a kowane lokaci suna musayar gaisuwa, har sai da motsin da'ira ya fara. Juyawa da kanta tana kan ƙafar hagu, tsakiyar juyawa shine ƙwallon ƙafar hagu kuma dukkan saman ƙafar yana ci gaba da taɓa ƙasa. Ƙafar dama tana samar da ƙarfin juyawa, a cikin cikakken mataki na digiri 360. Idan dervishes ya yi matuƙar farin ciki, wani Sufi, wanda ke kula da wasan kwaikwayo mai tsari, zai taɓa rigarsa a hankali don rage motsinsa. Rawar dervishes tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa na rayuwar asiri a Musulunci, kuma waƙar da ke tare da ita tana da kyau, farawa da babban waƙar girmamawa ga Annabi (na't-i sharif, wanda Jalaluddin da kansa ya rubuta) kuma ta ƙare da gajerun waƙoƙi masu ƙwazo, wasu abubuwa da aka rera da Turanci.

An yi bikin Sema na tunawa da ranar haihuwar Mevlevi ta Turkiyya, inda aka yi addu'a tare

Duniyar Yamma, bayan sun ga Sufi yana shawagi a cikin yawon bude ido, sun bayyana nau'ikan zikr daban-daban a matsayin "hayaniya, kuka, rawa, da sauransu." Aikin kowace tariqa ya kebanta da tsarinta na daban, takamaiman al'adu da al'adu na iya bambanta a ƙasashe. Irin wannan tariqa a wata ƙasa ba zai yi kama da na wata ƙasa ba yayin da al'adar kowace ƙungiya ke jaddada "rayuwar addini ta motsin rai" ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Umarnin Mevleviyah, kamar sauran mutane da yawa, suna yin zikr ta hanyar yin bimbini mai juyawa. Tare da ayyukan zikr na juyawa da addu'a, al'adar sama tana taimakawa wajen haɓaka "abinci ga rai" ta hanyar "ji" sautunan "'ƙaƙƙarfan' duniyar ɓoye ko ta sararin samaniya." Sabanin amfani da sama, juyawa da addu'a ta ibada a cikin yin zikr, umarnin tariqa suna yin juyi na Sufi ban da buga kayan kida, cinye garwashin wuta, kunamai masu rai da gilashi, huda sassan jiki da allurai da ƙwallaye, ko yin clairvoyance da levitation. Mazauna al'umma ko membobin gari na iya yin aikin dervish, yawanci membobin suna cikin ƙananan aji. Sheikh namiji ne ke karɓar mata cikin umarnin tariqa, amma a al'ada ana umurtarsu da su yi dhikr su kaɗai ko tare da reshen mata da aka kafa a cikin wani tsari na musamman.

Bikin Semâ a Cibiyar Al'adu ta Dervishes da ke Avanos, Turkiyya

Al'adar sama tsakanin umarnin Sufi tana da tarihin jayayya a cikin addinin Musulunci. A cikin wata muhawara, ana ɗaukar amfani da kalmar sama a matsayin "sauraro" a zahiri a cikin mahallin ruhaniya. Ra'ayi daban-daban yana jayayya cewa sama a zahiri "ji ne", kamar yadda "ji" na iya danganta da kowane sauti ban da duk wani sautuka "marasa hankali" na duniyar ruhaniya. Waɗanda ke goyon bayan sama sun ƙara da'awar cewa kalmar a zahiri tana da alaƙa da "fahimta" don haka ganewa da amfani da Wahayi da kuma aikin "samun ilimi mafi girma." Sama kuma tana iya nufin sauraron shugaban ɗan lokaci mai gaskiya wanda ke tabbatar da adalci na zamantakewa kuma yana mai da kalmar Allah ta zama ruwan dare. Yaɗuwar sama tsakanin umarnin Sufi ta fara ne a wani lokaci a tsakiyar ƙarni na uku/tara na AD a Baghdad, daga ƙarshe ta sami karɓuwa da tagomashi a cikin Musuluncin Farisa, Turkiyya da Indiya. Al'adar sama ta samo asali a aikace a tsawon lokaci yayin da ta cika Sufi dhkir, tana juyawa kuma a tsakanin wasu umarni suna rawa da cin abinci. An ɗauki ƙa'idodi na ɗabi'a da yanayi bisa ga damuwar da ta yaɗu game da buƙatar sama da zikr ; domin a bambanta tsakanin nishaɗi da ayyukan ruhaniya masu amfani, an bambanta sama kamar yadda aka ji daga girman kai, zuciya ko ruhi. Duk da aiwatar da dokoki, wasu shehunnai sun ci gaba da iyakance ko ƙin yin sama . Yayin da takaddama ta ci gaba da yin tambaya game da wurin sama a cikin umarnin Sufi, kiɗan kanta bai shafi ba. Kwanan nan, al'adar sama galibi ana yin ta ne a cikin bikin zikr . Waɗanda ke goyon bayan sama sun ci gaba da jayayya cewa "bisa ga abin da ba sama da rawa ba ne ke haifar da farin ciki, amma farin ciki wanda ke tayar da rawa, ko kuma ƙari ga haka, cewa sama kayan aiki ne kawai mai bayyanawa kuma yana samar da abin da mai ji ya kawo masa kawai."

A shekarar 2005, UNESCO ta ayyana "Bikin Mevlevi Sema " na Turkiyya a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan tarihi na Gadon Dan Adam na Baka da Ba a Ganewa Ba .

A yau

Bikin Sema a tashar jirgin kasa ta Sirkeci, Istanbul

Al'ummomin Dervish, a zamanin Tsakiyar Zamani, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar zamantakewa, addini da siyasa a duk faɗin "ƙasashen Musulunci na tsakiya." Umarnin Dervish a wani lokaci sun fi girma fiye da yadda suke a yau, yayin da gwamnati ta karɓi iko a kan yawancin gidajen ibada na Dervish a duk faɗin wannan yanki. A shekarar 1925, Turkiyya ta ba da umarnin wargaza dukkan ƙungiyoyin Sufi ta hanyar doka, Mevlevi ta sami damar rayuwa a tsakanin ƙananan ƙauyuka a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya. A shekarar 1954, gwamnatin Turkiyya ta ba wa Mevlevi izinin yin ayyukan ibada na al'ada ga masu yawon buɗe ido a cikin makonni biyu kowace shekara. Banda nishaɗin yawon buɗe ido, masana tauhidi na Orthodox yanzu sun yi watsi da aikin Dervish da ke haifar da faqirs, ko yawo, dervishes a duk faɗin yankunan Musulunci na tsakiya. Duk da tsananin iko da gwamnati ke yi kan ayyukan Dervish, umarnin Mevleviyah ya ci gaba da wanzuwa a Turkiyya har zuwa yau.

Duk da cewa maza ne kawai aka ba wa izinin shiga bikin a tarihi, wasu al'ummomi yanzu suna ba wa mata damar shiga.

Siffofin yanki da na duniya

Tanoura na Masar

Masu rawa na tanoura na Masar

Ɗan rawa na Tanoura

A Masar, an daidaita al'adar jujjuyawa zuwa tanoura ( Arabic ). Kalmar tanoura ko tannoura tana nufin siket mai launi da mai jujjuyawar ke sawa, tare da launi da ke wakiltar kowace irin Sufi . Kalmar kuma tana iya nufin mai rawa, wanda a al'adance mutumin Sufi ne. Tanoura tana da alaƙa da Sufi kuma ana yin ta a bukukuwan Sufi, amma kuma waɗanda ba Sufi ba ne ke yin ta a matsayin rawa ta gargajiya ko rawa ta kade-kade .

Duk da cewa galibi ana amfani da shi don tasirin gani, masu rawa kuma suna ƙara daidaiton su da tanoura, ta hanyar tasirin centrifugal mai ƙarfi.

Pakistan

A wuraren ibada na Sufi a Pakistan, kamar wurin ibada na Lal da ke Sehwan, Sindh, ana kiran al'adar jujjuya Sufi da Dhamaal kuma ana yin ta ne don girmama waliyyan Sufi, ko kuma qalandars . Ba kamar yadda ake yi a Turkiyya ba, duk wani mai ibada zai iya yin Dhamaal - firistoci da kuma mahajjata. Yawanci ana yin Dhamaal da bugun ganga (naghara) da ƙararrawa, yayin da mahajjata ke ɗaga hannuwansu, suna fara tsallake matakai suna tsaye a wuri ɗaya sannan a hankali suna aiki cikin nutsuwa yayin da bugun ke ƙaruwa da sauri. Yayin da bugun ke ƙaruwa da sauri, sautuka suna canzawa kuma bugun ganga yana tare da buga shehnai .

Masu koyon rawa suna danganta rawa da Lal Shahbaz Qalandar da kuma zanga-zangar da ta biyo bayan Yaƙin Karbala . Suna ɗaukar rawar a matsayin wata hanya ta tayar da ƙaiƙayi na halittar duniya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin ra'ayin <i id="mwAUs">Kun Fyakun</i> .

A Yamma

Mai rawa mai rawa, tana wasa cikin kayan zamani

Al'adar tanoura ta jawo hankalin Turawan Yamma a cikin al'ummar rawa ta ciki . Waɗannan masu wasan kwaikwayo sun haɗa da maza da mata, su kaɗai da kuma a cikin rukuni. Irin waɗannan wasannin kwaikwayo za a iya ƙara su da fasahar pyrotechnics ko kayan haɗi, kamar mayafi, fikafikai da ribbons. Masu rawa a ciki kuma za su iya amfani da dabarun da ake amfani da su a Tanoura na Masar don taimakawa wajen daidaita su da kuma rage jiri.

An kuma tallata wasan kwaikwayo na Sufi mai suna Annabelle Gurwitch a matsayin wani nau'i na rage damuwa.

Ilimin halittar jiki

Wani muhimmin siffa na juyawar juyi shine ci gaba da juyawa (agogo ko akasin agogo) a kusa da tsakiyar tsakiyar tsakiya yayin da yake guje wa juyawar juyi . A cikin masu rawa marasa horo, wannan juyawa mai dorewa yana haifar da jiri ko jujjuyawar motsi. Horarwa don juyawa yana kai hari ga kunnen ciki, wanda ke da alhakin ayyukan daidaito a cikin mutane. Don magance wannan tasirin, masu yin rawa suna yin amfani da dabaru daban-daban na daidaitawa da tunani.

Bayanan tarihi

An ba da kyautar Guinness World Records ga "mafi yawan bugun Sufi a cikin awa ɗaya" a Landan a shekarar 2012, ga Shafik Ibrahim Abd El Hamed a cikin rukunin maza da zagaye 2,905, da kuma Tara Lee Oakley a cikin rukunin mata da 2,191. Nicole McLaren ta zarce waɗannan rikodin a Zurich a shekarar 2015, da zagaye 3,552.

An yi rikodin mafi tsayin aikin juyawar iska mai ci gaba da aiki sama da awanni huɗu. Tarihin yawan mutanen da suka yi gudu a lokaci guda shine 755, wanda aka kafa a Taiwan a shekarar 2011.

Duba kuma

• Dhikr
• Al'adun Musulunci
• Nasheed
• Qawwali
• Kwarewar Addini
• Rawar Sogdian Whirl
• Sama (Sufanci)
• Rawar da'ira