Sufuri a Mali
 Sufuri a Mali | ||||
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| Bayanai | ||||
| Facet of (en) | Sufuri | |||
| Ƙasa | Mali | |||
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Ana daukar ababen more rayuwa na sufuri na kasar Mali a matsayin maras kyau, hatta bisa ka'idojin yanki, kuma rashi na takaita ci gaban tattalin arziki da ci gaba. Duk da haka, an lura da ingantawa a farkon shekarun 2000. Yawancin sufurin da ake yi a Mali sun kunshi motoci, jirage, da jiragen ruwa. [1]
Layin dogo[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasar Mali tana da titin jirgin kasa guda daya (Layin Jirgin kasa na Dakar-Nijar), wanda ya hada da kilomita 729 a kasar Mali, wanda ya taso daga tashar ruwan Koulikoro ta Bamako zuwa kan iyaka da Senegal kuma ya ci gaba zuwa Dakar. Layin Bamako-Dakar, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin gurguje, mallakin wani kamfani ne na hadin gwiwa da kasashen Mali da Senegal suka kafa a shekarar 1995, da nufin mayar da hannun jari. A shekara ta 2003 kasashen biyu sun sayar da yarjejeniyar tsawon shekaru 25 don gudanar da layin dogo ga wani kamfanin kasar Canada, wanda ya yi alkawarin inganta kayan aiki da kayayyakin more rayuwa.
Sashin layin dogo na Mali ya ɗauki kimanin tan 536,000 na kaya da fasinjoji 778,000 a shekarar 1999. Hanyar ba ta da kyau, kuma ana rufe layin akai-akai a lokacin damina. Layin na da matukar muhimmanci saboda ya danganta kasar Mali da ba ta da kogi da tashar jiragen ruwa na Dakar, inda ake kara samun sha'awar kayayyakin da Mali ke fitarwa a yayin da ake fuskantar katsewar hanyar shiga birnin Abidjan na Cote d'Ivoire, sakamakon rikicin cikin gida da aka fara a kasar tun daga karshen watan nan 2002. A farkon shekarun 2000, an kuma yi shirin gina sabon layin dogo tsakanin Bamako da Kouroussa da Kankan a Guinea. [1]
Tun daga shekarar 2013, ana ba da sabis na fasinja a Mali kwanaki uku tsakanin Bamako da Kayes ta Kati da Diamou. [2]
Manyan hanyoyi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasar Mali tana da hanyar sadarwa da ta kai kimanin kilomita 18,563 a shekarar 2000, ciki har da kusan kilomita 4,450 na titin da aka shimfida. Babban hanyar tattalin arzikin kasar Mali da bakin teku ita ce shimfidar hanya tsakanin Bamako da Abidjan a kasar Cote d'Ivoire. Asusun Raya Kasashen Turai yana ba da tallafin kudi don gina hanyar da ta hada Bamako da Dakar na kasar Senegal. Bankin Raya Afirka na bayar da tallafin kudi don gina hanyar da ta hada Bamako da Kankan a kasar Guinea. Akwai kuma shirin hanyar da ta wuce sahara da ta hada Mali da Aljeriya. [1]
Gabaɗaya, yanayin titi a wajen birane yana da haɗari, musamman da daddare. Saboda keɓancewa, rashin kyawun hanya, da yawaitar ƴan fashi, ana ɗaukar balaguron kan ƙasa zuwa arewacin Mali da haɗari musamman. An ba da rahoton cewa tashi ko tafiya ta jirgin ruwa ya fi dacewa idan zai yiwu. Yawancin manyan titunan Mali a arewacin kasar ba su wuce hanyoyin hamada da ke da dogon zango ba. [1]
Harkokin sufurin birni[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Saboda yawan mallakar motoci ya yi ƙasa, kuma zirga-zirgar jama'a ta gwamnati ba ta da yawa, motocin bas na yau da kullun da taksi suna da yawa a cikin biranen Mali. Bamako musamman an san shi da motocin tasi masu kore da rawaya. Sauran motocin, da suka haɗa da manyan motoci, bas, babura da ƙananan motoci, suna aiki a matsayin tasi. A shekarun baya-bayan nan kananan babura, wadanda ake shigo da su daga kasar Sin da kuma rashin lasisi, sun mamaye yawancin zirga-zirgar Bamako. Yawancin babura masu tsada su ne kawai sufuri mai araha a Mali, inda ake sayar da kekunan da Sinawa ke kerawa akan dalar Amurka 700. [3]
Yayin da gwamnati a hukumance ke buƙatar ba da lasisi ga babura da masu sarrafa su, waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba a kula da su sosai. An kiyasta cewa babura 500,000 suna aiki a kasar Mali a shekarar 2009, kashi biyu bisa uku na kekuna masu tsada na kasar Sin, wanda aka fi sani da "Jakarta" a cikin gida, wanda ya fi karfin tattalin arzikin man fetur amma karancin tsaro fiye da tsadar kayayyaki na Japan ko kasashen yamma. [4]
A cikin shekarun 1990, Bamako ta haramta hawan doki, wanda ya haifar da karuwar kulolin hannu a kan tituna. Gina titin na baya-bayan nan ya haɗa da raba hanyoyin mota masu ƙafa biyu (karayu, kekuna, babura), masu ƙafa huɗu, da zirga-zirgar ƙafa. [5]
Mutuwar hanya[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hatsarin mota ya zama ruwan dare a kan hanyoyin kasar Mali. Ma'aikatar kayan aiki da sufuri ta kasar Mali ta bayar da rahoton cewa, rabin farko na shekarar 2008 an samu mutuwar mutane 254 da jikkata 1,924 a kan hanyoyin kasar Mali, bayan mutuwar mutane 579 a shekarar 2007 da 642 a shekarar 2006. Gwamnati ta yi alkawarin bayar da CFAF biliyan 15 a shekara ta 2009 don tallafawa kiyaye hanyoyin mota, kuma ta yi alkawarin samar da hukumar kula da hanyoyin mota ta kasa domin kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa. [6]
Cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A yayin da aka saba ganin shingen ‘yan sanda a manyan titunan Afirka, kuma yayin da ake yawan neman cin hanci da rashawa a irin wadannan tashoshi a kasashe da dama, a karshen shekara ta 2008 ne aka ware babbar hanyar Mali da ta nufi kudu daga Bamako zuwa iyakar Burkina Faso a matsayin mafi muni. Afirka ta Yamma. Wani bincike da kungiyar da ke sa ido kan ayyukan da ba su dace ba (OPA) na kungiyar tattalin arziki da hada-hadar kudi ta Afirka ta Yamma (WAEMU) ta yi, ya nuna cewa bangaren Mali na wannan hanya ya kasance mafi yawan shingaye na ‘yan sanda tare da mafi yawan kudaden da ake biyan cin hanci a kowace tafiya a yammacin Afirka. Matsakaicin shingen hanya ashirin da tara, kusan 4 ga kowane 100 km, an ruwaito daga Yuni zuwa watan Satumba 2008. Adadin da aka biya na cin hanci a sashin Mali (kowace tafiya) shine CFA F 31,509. Har ila yau, a filin jirgin saman Bamako ya zama ruwan dare don neman CFA 40.000 don a ba da izinin barin ƙasar. Yayin da a wasu kasashe jami'an kwastam ne ke da alhakin mafi yawan tashoshi, a Mali, an gano jandarmomi ('yan sanda na kasa) da kuma 'yan sanda ne ke haifar da mafi yawan cin hanci da karbar rashawa a shingaye.
Tashoshi da hanyoyin ruwa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mali ba ta da tashar jiragen ruwa domin ba ta da ruwa, amma Koulikoro da ke kogin Neja kusa da Bamako, shi ne babban tashar kogin. A al'adance, Abidjan a Côte d'Ivoire ta kasance babbar tashar ruwa ta Mali, tana tafiyar da kusan kashi 70 cikin 100 na kasuwancin Mali (sai dai zinari da ake fitarwa zuwa waje). Kasuwancin fitar da kayayyaki na Mali ya sha wahala lokacin da rikici a Cote d'Ivoire a farkon shekarun 2000 ya katse hanyar kasuwanci. [1]
Kasar Mali tana da nisan kilomita 1,815 na magudanan ruwa na cikin kasa, musamman kogin Neja, wasu sassan da ake amfani da su wajen jigilar matsakaita da manya a lokacin damina (Yuni/Yuli-Nuwamba/Disamba) a shekarun da aka saba ana samun ruwan sama. Sassan kogin Senegal kuma ana iya kewayawa, suna ba da damar shiga Tekun Atlantika duk shekara daga Kayes zuwa St. Louis a Senegal. [1]
Jirgin sama[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekara ta 2007 Mali na da filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama 29, 8 daga cikinsu suna da shimfidar titin jiragen sama. [7] Babban filin jirgin dai shi ne filin jirgin sama na Senou na Bamako, wanda ke ba da jiragen sama zuwa kasashe makwabta da Turai. A matsayin wani ɓangare na inganta ababen more rayuwa a shekara ta 2002, an tsawaita titin jirgin sama a Bamako, kuma an gina sabbin filayen jiragen sama a wuraren da a baya keɓe a yamma—Kayes, Mopti, da Sikasso. Air France da wani jirgin sama na Belgium ne ke ba da sabis na nahiyoyi daga Bamako, da sauransu. [1]
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Mali country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (January 2005). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Mali, Seat 61, http://www.seat61.com/Senegal.htm#.U2JXgMfEc7A
- ↑ [http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-08/2007-08-27-voa35.cfm Chinese Motorcycles Flood West Africa Archived 15 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine . Kari Barber, Voice of America. 27 August 2007.] Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.. Kari Barber, Voice of America. 27 August 2007.
- ↑ Motorcycle diaries. Bryony Parker, The New Statesman. 18 June 2009.
- ↑ Paul Starkey. Local Transport Solutions: People, Paradoxes and Progress. Lessons Arising from the Spread of Intermediate Means of Transport Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine. SSATP Working Paper No. 56. Sub–Saharan Africa Transport Policy Program: The World Bank and Economic Commission for Africa. The World Bank (May 2001). pp. 39–40
- ↑ 254 people killed in car accidents in Mali in 2008 Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine . PANA Press, 30 December 2008. Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.. PANA Press, 30 December 2008.
- ↑ CIA factbook.