Sunayen Afirka da Amurka
 Sunayen Afirka da Amurka | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | sunan raɗi |
| Bangare na |
African-American culture (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka |
Sunayen Ba-Amurkawa wani sashe ne na al'adar Ba-Amurke . Yayin da yawancin Baƙar fata Amirkawa ke amfani da sunaye waɗanda suka shahara da al'adun {asar Amirka, ƙayyadaddun yanayin sanya suna da yawa sun samo asali a cikin al'adun Afirka-Amurka .
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A lokacin bautar da ake yi a Amurka, Baƙar fata da aka bautar sun kasance ba su da suna a shari'a tun lokacin da aka kama su har sai da bayin Amurkawa suka saya. [1] Baƙi na farko na farar fata ne suka sanya al'adun baƙar fata na Amurka daban waɗanda suka canza wa bayinsu suna da Littafi Mai-Tsarki, Girkanci na gargajiya da na Roman, da kuma sunaye na tarihi [2] waɗanda duka biyun suka nuna ƙwarewar mai mallakar bawa kuma ba a saba amfani da su ga Farar fata ba. Misalai daga matsayin bayi na kafin-1808 [3] sun haɗa da Chloe, Ceaser (stet), Homer, Philbe, Polidore, Scipio, da Venus.
Littafin Negroes, wanda aka buga a farko a New York a cikin 1783, ya nuna cewa baƙar fata da aka fi sani da sunaye a Amurka Mallaka, [1] a tsakanin mutane masu 'yanci da bayi, sun haɗa da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓukan gargajiya tare da sunayen wuri kamar London, Dublin, da Boston. An yi amfani da sunayen laƙabi a matsayin sunayen da suka dace, waɗanda aka ba fiye da kashi uku na Baƙar fata mata [2] a lokacin. Waɗannan sunayen laƙabin sun haɗa da Sukey, Sally, Betsy, Jenny, Sam, Jack, Jim, da Billy.
Masana tarihi na tattalin arziki Lisa D. Cook, John Parman da Trevon Logan sun gano cewa bambance-bambancen ayyukan suna na Ba-Amurke sun faru tun farkon lokacin Antebellum (tsakiyar 1800s). [3] [4] Ko da yake, waɗannan sunayen farko ba a yin amfani da su. [3] [4]
Paustian ta yi jayayya cewa baƙar fata suna nuna jigogi da tsari iri ɗaya kamar na Afirka ta Yamma .
Tare da haɓaka ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a na 1960s da fa'ida mai fa'ida na shekarun 1960, an sami haɓaka mai ban mamaki a cikin sunayen Ba-Amurke na asali daban-daban.
A cikin 2004, Fryer et al. ya yi nazari kan saurin sauyin da ake samu a ayyukan suna a farkon shekarun 1970, tare da saurin karbe sunaye na bakar fata, musamman a yankunan masu karamin karfi, wadanda ke da kabilanci. Sun yarda da samfurin bayani wanda ke danganta canjin baƙar fata game da ainihin su ga motsin baƙar fata .
Sunaye da aka fi sani da na kowa a tsakanin matan bayi a Amurka sun hada da Bet, Mary, Jane, Hanna, Betty, Sarah, Phillis, Nan, Peg, da Sary. Sunaye masu zaman kansu sune Abah, Bilah, Comba, Dibb, Juba, Kauchee, Mima, da Sena. Waɗanda aka yi bauta a Faransanci Luusiana sun karɓi sunaye da suka bambanta da turancin Ingilishi a Amurka: Francois, Jean, Pierre, da Leon ga maza; da Manon, Delphine, Marie Louise, Celeste, da Eugenie na mata. Mutanen Espanya a Amurka suna da sunayen Mutanen Espanya kamar Francisco, Pedro, da Antonio don maza bayi; kuma ga matan bayi, sunayen su ne Maria, Isabella, da Juana. [5]
Tasiri da tarurruka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lieberson da Mikelson na Jami'ar Harvard sun yi nazari kan baƙaƙen sunaye, inda suka gano cewa sabbin hanyoyin yin suna na baya-bayan nan suna bin ka'idojin harshe na Amurka ko da sun kasance masu zaman kansu daga ƙungiyoyi ko cibiyoyi. Sunaye waɗanda Ba-Amurke ke amfani da su galibi ana ƙirƙira su ne ko kuma bambance-bambancen-bambance-bambancen sunaye na gargajiya. Wasu sunaye ana ƙirƙira su ne ta hanyar amfani da haruffa; misali, prefixes La- ko De- da kari-kayi-ique ko -isha. Har ila yau, ana amfani da alamomin rubutu irin su apostrophes da dashes, ko da yake ba safai ba. [6]
Sunayen Faransanci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake masu launin launi a tarihi suna da sunayen Faransanci na gargajiya, yawancin sunayen Faransanci sun shiga cikin hoton a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960 don girmama 'yancin ɗan adam da yawancin Ba'amurke Ba'amurke a Paris suka samu a lokacin da bayan Années folles . Ra'ayoyi game da asalin tasirin Faransanci sun bambanta, amma sunayen Faransanci na tarihi irin su Monique, Chantal, André, da Antoine sun zama ruwan dare a cikin al'adun Afirka-Amurka cewa yawancin Amirkawa sun fara tunanin su kawai a matsayin "baƙar fata". Ana ganin waɗannan sunaye sau da yawa tare da bambancin rubutun kamar Antwan, Antwaun ko Antwon (Antoine) ko Shauntelle (Chantal). [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Sunayen Afrocentric da ƙirƙira
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ƙungiyar Afrocentrism da ta girma a cikin shekarun 1970s ya ga zuwan sunayen Afirka a tsakanin Amirkawa-Amurka, da kuma sunayen da ake tunanin su zama "yan Afirka". Sunaye irin su Ashanti suna da asalin Afirka. Ƙungiyar Ƙarfin Baƙar fata ta ƙarfafa mutane da yawa don nuna girman kai a cikin al'adun su. Masanin ilimin zamantakewa na Jami'ar Harvard Stanley Lieberson ya lura cewa a cikin 1977, sunan " Kizzy " ya tashi sosai a cikin shahara bayan amfani da sunan a cikin littafin da jerin talabijin Tushen . [7]
A cikin shekarun 1970 da 1980, ya zama ruwan dare a cikin al'adun Ba'amurke don ƙirƙira sababbin sunaye ta amfani da abubuwa daga sanannun sunaye. Prefixes irin su La/Le, Da/De, Ra/Re, ko Ja/Je da kari kamar su -ique/iqua, -isha (na mata), -ari da -aun/awn (na samari) sun zama ruwan dare, haka nan ana yin rubutun ƙirƙira na sunayen gama gari. Littafin Baby Names Yanzu: Daga Classic zuwa Cool - Kalma ta Ƙarshe akan Sunaye na Farko ya sanya asalin sunayen "La" a cikin al'adun Afirka-Amurka a New Orleans . Sunan LaKeisha galibi ana ɗaukarsa ɗan Amurka ne, amma yana da abubuwan da aka zana daga tushen Afirka da Faransanci. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
Ana ganin ridda sau da yawa a cikin sunayen Ba-Amurke fiye da sauran sunayen Amurkawa, kamar sunayen Mo'nique da D'Andre. [8]
A cikin ƙamus ɗinsa na sunayen baƙar fata, Cenoura ya tabbatar da cewa a farkon karni na 21, baƙar fata sunaye "sunaye na musamman waɗanda suka fito daga haɗuwa da sunaye biyu ko fiye, sunayen da aka gina tare da prefixes na yau da kullum da kari ...' conjugated' tare da dabara ... " "Da", "La", da kuma sauti masu dangantaka na iya samo asali daga Faransanci da ake magana a Louisiana. Haɗe da sunan gama gari kamar Seán kuma an rubuta ta cikin sauti, mutum ya sami "DaShawn". Ƙimar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamus daga Faransanci, Sifen, da Scotland, kamar "ita", ana iya haɗa su kai tsaye tare da prefixes ko zuwa suna, kamar yadda ake samun sau da yawa a cikin wasu suna ko laƙabi. Yarjejeniyar da aka bi galibi suna sa a iya gane jinsin mutum cikin sauƙi. Bayan Mutanen Espanya, sunaye na maza akai-akai suna ƙarewa cikin "o", misali, "Carmello", yayin da sunayen mata suka ƙare da "a", misali, "Jeretta". Bayan Irish da Italiyanci, ana iya amfani da rafke, misali "D'Andre" da "Rene'e". Ana iya haɗa sunayen iyaye, misali, ɗan "Raymond" da "Yvonne" ƙila a sa masa suna "Rayvon".
Maimakon haka ba na yau da kullun ko na al'ada ba, an ba wa wasu ba-Amurkawa sunaye waɗanda galibi baƙar fata 'yan uwansu ke ɗauka. Misalin Ba-Amurke da sunan Afrocentric a bayyane shine Miss Michigan USA 2014 mai nasara da Miss USA 2015 delegate, Rashontae Wawrzyniak.
Sunayen musulmi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Musulunci ya kasance tasiri a kan sunayen Ba-Amurka. Sunayen Islama sun shiga al'adun Ba-Amurke tare da haɓakar al'ummar Islama a tsakanin bakaken fata Amurkawa tare da mai da hankali kan bakar fata da wariyar launin fata . Shahararrun sunayen Aisha, Aaliyah, da sauransu su ma misalai ne na sunayen da aka samo daga musulunci.
Shahararrun Ba’amurke da dama sun fara ɗaukar sunayen musulmi (yawanci biyo bayan musuluntar addini), ciki har da Muhammad Ali, wanda ya canza sunansa a 1964 daga Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. Sauran mashahuran da ke ɗaukar sunayen musulmi sun haɗa da Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (tsohon Lew Alcindor) da Amiri Baraka (tsohon LeRoi Jones). Duk da asalin musulmin wadannan sunaye da kuma matsayin al'ummar Musulunci a cikin kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a, yawancin sunayen musulmi irin su Jamal da Malik sun shiga amfani da su a tsakanin bakaken fata Amurkawa kawai don kawai suna da kayan ado, kuma yawancin sunayen Musulunci yanzu suna amfani da su a Afirka ba tare da la'akari da addini ba. [9] Har ila yau, an samu wasu ’yan Amurkawa wadanda ba bakar fata, wadanda ba musulmi ba, wadanda ke dauke da wadannan sunayen.
Kalmomi da sunaye na kabilanci na Afirka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu Baƙar fata Amirkawa sun ba da kuma ba wa 'ya'yansu sunaye ko sunaye na kabilanci na Afirka da aka samo daga tunanin Afirka. Wasu mashahuran mutane kamar Nas, mai suna Olu Dara, suna da suna daga Yarbanci, yaren Yammacin Afirka. An yi wa mawaki Ashanti sunan daular Ashanti da mutanen Ghana ta zamani.
Wasu Baƙar fata Amirkawa kuma sun canza sunayen haihuwarsu zuwa waɗanda suke jin sun dace da asalinsu na Afirka, kamar Ntozake Shange . Haihuwar Paulette Williams, Shange ta tambayi mawakan Afirka ta Kudu Ndikho da Nomusa Xaba su ba ta sunayen Afirka kuma an ba ta "Ntozake Shange" daga harsunan Zulu da Xhosa . Ita ma 'yar'uwar Shange Wanda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ifa Bayeza daga baya a rayuwa, inda Ifa ta kasance kalma da ra'ayi na Yarbanci. Jarumi Donald Cohen ya canza sunansa zuwa Oba Babatunde, inda Oba ke nufin “sarki” a harshen Yarbanci, wanda aka rubuta da Bs guda biyu a cikin sunansa; da Babatunde, kalmar Yarbanci ma'ana "Uba ya dawo", yana nuna imani ga sake reincarnation da kuma girmama mahaifin da ya mutu ko kakannin iyaye. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2025)">abubuwan da ake bukata</span> ]
A 1968, Alice Williams mai shekaru 21 ta canza suna zuwa Afeni Shakur ; Afeni Yarbawa ce ga "masoyan mutane". Waɗannan sunaye sun dogara ne akan girman kai ga zuriyar Afirka, ba lallai ba ne ikirari na ɗaiɗaiku na kasancewa daga ƙabilu na musamman da aka ɗauko sunayen. Baƙar fata Amirkawa sun haɗu da kabilun Afirka da dama; tarurrukan suna sun kasance daga ƙwazo ko shahararru ko sanannun ƙabilun Afirka waɗanda za su iya samun bayanai game da su ko kuma suna jin alaƙa da su. [ ] <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">yau</span>, Sade ko Shade kuma ya rubuta Sharday ko Shardae a yamma sunan Afirka ne wanda ya girma a cikin Baƙar fata Amurkawa, wanda mawaki Sade Adu ya shahara.
Sunayen Turai da na Littafi Mai Tsarki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ko da haɓakar sunayen da aka ƙirƙira, har yanzu ya zama ruwan dare ga Baƙin Amurkawa su yi amfani da sunaye na Littafi Mai Tsarki ko na Turai. Daniel, Christopher, Michael, David, James, Joseph, da Matiyu suna daga cikin sunayen da aka fi sani da yara maza 'yan Afirka a 2013. [10]
Wariya a wurin aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wasu shaidu suna nuna wariya a wurin aiki bisa sunaye. Binciken da aka yi a farkon 2020s ya kammala cewa masu neman masu sunayen baƙar fata na al'ada suna da 2.1% ƙarancin damar samun kiran waya bayan ganawar aiki . Nazarin da Jami'ar Chicago da Jami'ar California, Berkeley, wanda fiye da 83,000 aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen shiga, ya nuna cewa 7% na duk ayyukan da ke cikin gwajin sun kasance masu ban sha'awa ga sunayen baƙar fata na al'ada. Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa ƴan takarar da ke da baƙaƙen suna ba su da yuwuwar samun sake kira da aiki na ƙarshe. [11]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Shaniqua
- Sunan Larabci
- Ra'ayin 'yan Afirka na Amurka
- "Mataimakin Malami" ( <i id="mwATA">Maɓalli & Peele</i> )
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Naming Culture in the Book of Negroes | The Loyalist Collection". loyalist.lib.unb.ca. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
- ↑ "Naming Culture in the Book of Negroes | The Loyalist Collection". loyalist.lib.unb.ca. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cook, Lisa D.; Logan, Trevon D.; Parman, John M. (2014-07-01). "Distinctively black names in the American past" (PDF). Explorations in Economic History (in Turanci). 53: 64–82. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2014.03.001. ISSN 0014-4983. S2CID 153960814. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-06-02. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cook, Lisa D.; Parman, John; Logan, Trevon (2022). "The antebellum roots of distinctively black names". Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History. 55 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1080/01615440.2021.1893877. ISSN 0161-5440. S2CID 228807729.
- ↑ "Slave Names In The Americas". 14 October 2010.
- ↑ "African American Baby Names with Meaning, Origin, Numerology". Archived from the original on 2020-10-19. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBaby Name Wizard - ↑ "Black Names". Behind the Names. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedsalon - ↑ Lack, Evonne. "Popular African American Names". Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2014.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
- ↑ Mayo, Aleeya. "'Distinctively Black names' still get fewer callbacks for job applications". Business Insider (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2022-12-08.