T-18 tanki

Tankin haske na MS-1
MS-1 a gidan kayan gargajiya na Sojojin Moscow
Irin wannan	Tankin mai sauƙi
Wurin da ya samo asali	Tarayyar Soviet
Tarihin sabis
An yi amfani da shi	Tarayyar Soviet
Tarihin samarwa
An samar da shi	1928–1931
A'a. An gina shi	~960 a ƙarshen 1931
Bayani na musamman
Mass	5.9 ton
Tsawon	4.38 m (14 ft 4 in)
Faɗin	1.76 m (5 ft 9 in)
Tsawon	2.10 m (6 ft 11 in)
Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa	2
Makamai	6-16 mm
Ma'anar da ba ta dace ba	37mm Model 28
Ƙarshen ajiya	2 Fedorov Avtomat Manyan bindigogi na atomatik
Injin	T-1835 hp (26 kW)
Ikon / nauyi	5.9 hp/ton
Dakatar da shi	tsaye sprung
Yankin aiki	50 km (31 mi)
<span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="<nowiki>Maximum speed of vehicle or missile</nowiki>">Maximum speed	17 km/h (10 mph)

tanki haske na T-18 (wanda ake kira MS-1,kasar Rasha ta kirkireshi: ƙaramin mai ba da gudummawa, na farko, maliy soprovozhdeniya, pearviy, "Ƙananan [Motar don] Tallafi, Na farko [nau'in / misali]") shine tankin farko da aka tsara na Soviet. An samar da shi daga 1928 zuwa 1931, ya dogara ne akan Renault FT, tare da ƙarin dakatarwa a tsaye.

T-18 da abubuwan da aka samo asali sun kasance ainihin ƙirar da ba ta yi nasara ba, amma sun ba masana'antar Soviet kwarewar farko a cikin ƙirar motocin makamai, kuma a halin yanzu akwai ƙirar tankin ƙasashen waje da yawa don samarwa.

Ci gaba

An kafa "Ofishin Tank" a watan Mayu 1924 don ci gaban tankunan Soviet. An bayar da ƙayyadaddun bayani don tanki mai sauƙi mai nauyin tan 3 wanda zai iya 7.5 miles per hour (12.1 km/h) km / h). Za a kare shi da makamai 16 mm kuma an sanye shi da bindiga 37 millimetres (1.5 in) in).  A shekara ta 1925 nauyin da aka ba da izini ya karu zuwa tan 5.

Farfesa V. Zaslavsky ne ya tsara tankin a sabon Ofishin Tankin da aka kafa a karkashin Babban Daraktan Masana'antar Soja. Injin motar 35 (kwafin Italiyanci FIAT 15 ter) ya fito ne daga Masana'antar AMO ta Moscow, kuma bindigar ta kasance kwafin gyare-gyare na 37 mm Puteaux SA 18 na Faransa.  Tsayarwa wanda zai ba da damar tanki ya yi tafiya da sauri a kan ƙasa mai laushi shine mafi girman ci gaba a kan Renault. An gwada samfurin da ake kira T-16 a watan Yunin 1926.

An yi la'akari da T-16 a matsayin gazawar, saboda yana da matsaloli tare da watsawa sau da yawa da rashin iya ƙetare rami fiye da 1.5 m. Halin T-16 ya fi na Renault kyau. A halin yanzu, KB OAT ta tsara shirye-shirye don ingantaccen sigar T-16 wanda aka karɓa don samarwa a watan Yuli a matsayin T-18, tare da tankin da aka lura da shi a matsayin MS-1 ("Motar Taimako, ƙarami, nau'in 1").

An inganta chassis da dakatarwa na T-18 daga T-16 ta hanyar ƙara ƙarin tallafi da dakatar bazara mai zaman kanta. An canja hanyar 300 mm ta T-16 zuwa T-18, tare da wasu ci gaba.  Injin, mai tsaye, injin MS mai cylinder huɗu, Alexander Mikulin ne ya tsara shi kuma ya inganta shi. Injin yana da ikon matsakaicin ƙarfin doki 35. An haɗa injin MS tare da watsawar PSC a cikin ɗayan maimakon kasancewa a cikin gidaje biyu daban-daban. Fitarwar PSC ta ba tankin saurin gaba huɗu da saurin baya ɗaya. Gidan watsawar injiniya a baya ya bar iska ta hanyar ramuka da aka hako a cikin farantin baya. Wannan ya inganta kariya, amma kuma ya haifar da yawan zafin injin. Kayan lantarki sun haɗa da batirin 6-volt, magneto da dynamo, wanda ke ciyar da fitilar, ƙaho, hasken baya, panel na rarraba haske da fitilu biyu.

Armor na T-18 ya kunshi faranti shida na 8 mm don turret (an rufe shi da murfin salon mushroom na kauri na 3 mm), faranti 16 mm don kwalliya, kuma faranti na kasa sun kasance 3 mm kauri.     An shigar da hanyar fita ta gaggawa a kasa. An sanya ƙaramin ƙofar zagaye ko rectangle a cikin turret don iska.

Makaman T-18s sun kasance daidai da wanda aka samu a kan Renault FT da T-16, Faransanci 37 mm Model 28, wanda aka ɗora a cikin mantlet na Hotchkiss.  Wannan ya ba bindigar motsi na digiri 35 a kwance, da +30 zuwa -8 digiri a tsaye. Wannan an haɗa shi da tsarin diopter mai sauƙi. Model 28 na 37 mm kusan ya zama tsohon yayi a wannan lokacin.  Wannan, tare da rashin hangen nesa, ya ba T-18 damar fitar da manyan abokan adawar da suka fi dacewa. Koyaya, tare da zagaye 10-12 a kowane minti na wuta kuma tare da amfani da bindigogi ya tabbatar da iya yaƙi da sojoji da motoci masu laushi. An ɗora bindigar Fyodorov mai bindiga biyu na 6.5 mm a cikin ball.  Jimlar harsashi da aka ɗauka ya kasance 104 37 mm harsashi kuma 2,016 6.5 mm cartridges.   A cikin samfuran da suka biyo baya an maye gurbin Fyodorov da bindigar 7.62 mm DT. 

Nuni na T-18 ya faru ne a tsakiyar Mayu 1927, amma a cikin gwaje-gwaje na yaƙi ikon sa na motsawa a kan mummunan wuri da yaƙi yadda ya kamata ba a bayyane yake ba. Kwamitin na musamman wanda ya kunshi wakilan Majalisar Tattalin Arziki ta Mobupravleniya, masana'antar OAT "Bolshevik", Artupravleniya da hedkwatar Red Army sun kasance a hannu don gwaje-gwaje. A lokacin gwaje-gwaje don shawo kan cikas T-18 bai yi kyau ba fiye da FT, tare da babbar matsalarta ita ce rami ko rami mai faɗi fiye da 2 m kuma mai zurfi fiye da kusan 1.2 m. Injinan sau da yawa sun makale suna ƙoƙarin ƙetare waɗannan cikas kuma suna buƙatar janyewa ta hanyar taraktoci ko wani tanki. Koyaya, T-18 ya tabbatar da cewa ya fi "mai rai" fiye da FT ko T-16 kuma yana da matsakaicin saurin hanya na 18 km / h.  Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da kwatankwacin kasashen waje, T-18 yana da makamai mafi kyau da ɗan ɗaki don ajiyar makamai.

Duk da matsalolinta, T-18 ya kasance ci gaba a kan FT da T-16, don haka an ba da umarni ga tankuna 108 zuwa samarwa tun daga watan Fabrairun 1928. An samar da shi ne a masana'antar Leningrad Obukhov (daga baya aka sake masa suna Bolshevik Factory). An gano rukunin farko na tankuna 30 suna da manyan matsalolin fasaha. Bayan katsewa da yawa, da kuma hada Motovilikhinsky Machine-Building Plant (Tsohon Perm Artillery) don kara samar da shuke-shuke biyu sun sami damar isar da 96 daga cikin tankuna 133 da aka yi alkawari a 1929.

An kammala wani zagaye na gwaji a Moscow don magance rashin iyawar T-18s don ƙetare ramuka masu faɗin mita 2. Don warware wannan matsala, an kara " wutsiya" a gaba. Tankin yanzu zai iya shawo kan faɗin 1.8 m, amma ya hana ganuwar direban kuma an watsar da shi. Wani ingantaccen T-18 tare da ingantaccen injin 40-horsepower, ingantaccen dakatarwa da ƙara turret bustle ya ci gaba daga 1929 zuwa 1931, tare da jimlar tankuna 960 da aka gina. An yi shirye-shirye don maye gurbin babban bindigar da sabbin B-3s na 37 mm amma ba a taɓa aiwatar da su ba. 

An gwada wasu ƙirar gwaji bisa ga T-16 da T-18 a Bolshevik Factory, wanda ya haifar da tankin T-19 tare da injin 90 hp a 1931, da kuma T-20 tare da injini 60 hp.   Sabon Ofishin Zane na Tankin T2K (daga baya aka sake masa suna Morozov Design Bureau) a Kharkov Locomotive Factory ya yi amfani da T-18 a matsayin tushen sabon tankin T-24.

Tarihin aiki

The T-18/MS-1 allowed for field experimentation and provided a testbed for further development.

Soviet T-18 a kan hanyar jirgin kasa ta Gabashin kasar Sin ta Manchuria . 1929

Sabis a cikin sojojin tankuna na Soviet na farko bai bar adadi mai yawa na misalai na yaƙi ba.Wani kamfani na gwaji da ke dauke da T-18s ya shiga cikin kare Far Eastern Railway daga sojojin Manchurian a 1929.An cire su daga aiki a 1932 kuma an ba da su horo.Bayan mamayewar Jamus a Tarayyar Soviet an ba da MS-1s da yawa 45 millimetres (1.8 in) in) bindigogi tare da bindigogi na T-26/BT-5 kuma sun shiga aiki. Sabanin imani da aka fi sani, ba a taɓa kiran tankuna tare da bindigogi na 45 mm ba; T-18M samfurin 1938 ne tare da sauƙin murfin, nau'ikan motsa jiki daban-daban, injin GAZ-M1 50 hp kuma an cire busassun baya, wanda bai taɓa kaiwa samarwa ba.  

Bambance-bambance

SU-18 Self-Pelled Gun.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1929 ANII K. M. Ivanov, wanda UMM RKKA ta ba da umarni ya samar da bindiga mai sarrafa kansa wanda ya dogara da T-18, da kuma mai ɗaukar harsashi. Misali shine Renault FT 75BS na Faransa da aka kama. SU-18 ya ci gaba da yin amfani da wannan ƙirar kamar abin hawa na Faransa, amma ya maye gurbin turret tare da wanda yayi kama da dala mai yankewa. SU-18 ta yi amfani da samfurin bindigar 76.2-mm na 1927 tare da murfin murfin murya don rage juyawa. Yana da ƙarfin harsashi na zagaye 4-6 kuma babu bindigogi. An halicci wasu samfurori ta amfani da bindigar PC-2 mai ƙarfi 37-mm da kuma bindigar tanki mai 45-mm na 1930, wanda aka shirya a shigar da shi a kan tankuna T-24. Makamai sun kunshi farantin 5-7 mm masu kauri.  Mai ɗaukar harsashi na iya ɗaukar trays 10 tare da zagaye 50 kowannensu na harsashi 76.2 mm, ko trays 16 na harsasai 169 kowannensu 37mm ko bindigogi 45mm.  Ma'aikatan sun kunshi direba daya da mai bindiga daya. An yanke shawarar gina SU-18 a ranar 11 ga Yuni kuma an tsara isar da samfurin a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1930. Koyaya, saboda ƙananan ƙarfin makamai da iyakokin T-18 (ƙananan ma'auni da tsakiya mai nauyi) an watsar da ƙirar don tallafawa ƙirar bindiga mafi girma da kuma mafi kyawun ƙirar bindigogi kuma an dakatar da ƙarin aiki a kan SU-18.   

Dubi kuma

• Tankin T-17