TT52

TT52
	Sheikh Abd el-Qurna
	More pictures
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Misra
Governorate of Egypt (en)	Luxor Governorate (en)
Ancient city (en)	Thebes, Egypt
Coordinates	25°43′55″N 32°36′36″E / 25.731846°N 32.609957°E
Occupant (en)	Nakht (en)

Kabarin Theban TT52 yana cikin Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, wani ɓangare na Necropolis na Theban, a gefen yammacin Kogin Nilu, a gaban Luxor. Shi ne wurin binne Nakht, wani jami'in Masar na dā wanda ke da matsayin marubuci da masanin taurari na Amun, mai yiwuwa a lokacin mulkin Thutmose IV (1401-1391 BC ko 1397-1388 BC) a lokacin Daular goma sha takwas, daular farko ta Sabon Mulki.

Gine-gine

Gine-ginen kabarin da kayan ado sun dace da daidaitattun ƙirar kaburbura na Theban na Sabon Masarautar ta amfani da irin waɗannan al'amuran da ake samu a cikin kaburbura na zamani. Wasu daga cikin wadannan kayan ado suna nuna bambance-bambance daga al'amuran da aka samu a mastabas na Tsohon Masarautar Memphis, inda daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan kabarin shine tabbatar da abinci na sihiri ga ka, yayin da a cikin kaburbura na Sabon Masarautar, aikin farko shine gano kanka a kan bangon kabarin.

Kabarin yana da tsarin gine-ginen T-shaped wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga kaburbura na Theban na Sabon Mulki; akwai babban zauren, wanda ya biyo baya daga ƙofar da kotu. Wannan ya haifar da ɗakin ciki, babban zauren, da kuma wurin ibada, wanda ke cikin wani wuri, wanda ke dauke da mutum-mutumi na marigayi. An tsara waɗannan ɗakunan don ƙunsar al'amuran don hidimar matattu a rayuwarsu bayan mutuwa. Ainihin, wannan zane-zane na gine-gine yayi kama da na mastabas na tsohuwar masarauta, wanda ya ƙunshi manyan ɗakuna biyu, ɗakin ibada da ɗakin binnewa, kamar yadda waɗannan kaburbura na Sabon Masarautar suma suna da manyan ɗakuna guda biyu. Koyaya, a cikin kaburbura na ƙarshe an halicci ɗakunan biyu don dalilai daban-daban ga na ɗakunan da ke cikin mastabas na Tsohon Masarautar. A cikin mastaba, an sadaukar da ɗakin sujada na hadaya don ciyar da matattu bayan mutuwa ta hanyar sihiri samar da abinci da ruwa. Irin waɗannan al'amuran ba a nuna su kamar yadda ake nuna su sau da yawa a cikin kaburbura na Sabon Mulki.^[1]

Kayan ado

Stela a bangon kudu na babban zauren yana nuna maza suna ba da gudummawa ga hotuna na marigayi. A ƙarƙashin wannan, ana nuna Nut a gaban tarin hadayu. Saboda haka, wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa matattu ba su dogara ga iyalansu ba don hadaya amma suna iya dogaro da "maɓuɓɓugar allahntaka". Hakanan ana iya samun irin wannan al'amuran a bangon kaburbura na Tsohon Masarautar, wanda ke nuna jerin mutane da ke kawo hadayu ga matattu. Koyaya, Malek ya rubuta cewa al'amuran hadayu sun fi wuya a cikin kaburbura na Sabon Mulki fiye da Tsohon Mulki.

An nuna al'amuran da suka dace guda biyu a bangon gabas kusa da ƙofar babban zauren. Wadannan al'amuRa sun nuna Nakht da matarsa, Tawy, suna yin hadaya ga Ra, wanda hasken rana zai fito daga ƙofar ya bayyana. An nuna wannan yanayin don nuna ci gaba da al'ada ta duniya a bayan rayuwa - a cikin Sabon Masarautar mutane masu zaman kansu suna da damar samun rayuwa bayan rayuwa ma'ana cewa za su iya tsammanin shiga filin Reeds.

Wani yanayi a gefen kudu na bangon yamma yana wakiltar wurin biki. Irin wannan yanayin ana wakiltar shi akai-akai a cikin kaburbura na Sabon Mulki. Iyalin marigayin, a wannan yanayin Nakht da Tawy, an kuma nuna su tare da mawaƙa da masu rawa. Malek ya rubuta "al'amuran gida suna da yawa" saboda suna jaddada kusanci da iyali da ci gaba da kasancewa tare a bayan rayuwa. Koyaya, waɗannan al'amuran na iya samun jima'i ko manufa mai ƙarfi don rayuwa bayan mutuwa. Mannich ya rubuta cewa ta hanyar hada irin waɗannan al'amuran a cikin kabarin, wanda ya mutu zai iya tabbatar da iko a nan gaba. Ta rubuta cewa wuraren biki "sun cika da irin waɗannan nassoshi" ciki har da hada da mandragras da furanni na lotus, waɗanda mata ke gudanarwa a cikin rajista na biyu. Wadannan nau'ikan al'amuran sun kasance sananne ne a cikin kaburbura na New Kingdom Theban.

A gefen kudu na bangon gabas, akwai wurin noma. An nuna Nakht yana kula da maza da ke noma, shuka da girbi a gonakin. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na noma na iya nuna ci gaba da rayuwar Nakht a filin Reeds. Koyaya, kamar yadda Noblecourt ya ba da shawarar, waɗannan al'amuran na iya nuna rayuwa ta har abada ta hanyar aikin gona, ta hanyar yanayi. Idan ra'ayin Noblecourt daidai ne, to al'amuran sun bambanta da na Tsohon Masarautar mastabas, inda aka tsara duk wani al'amarin noma da farko a matsayin hanyar tabbatar da ci gaba da noma a kan dukiyar marigayin, don haka ba da damar ciyar da ka.

A gefen arewacin bangon yamma, an nuna Nakht a cikin wani wuri da ake nunawa akai-akai: wurin kamun kifi da tsuntsaye. Irin wannan yanayin kuma ana samun sa a Sabon Mulki, kuma kodayake ba sabon abu ba ne a cikin mastabas na Tsohon Mulki, a cikin ƙarshen ainihin manufar su ita ce samar da abinci na sihiri ga matattu. A cikin kabarin Nakht, an nuna shi yana harbi da kifi da tsuntsaye, tare da iyalinsa. Davies (1917:66) ya ba da shawarar cewa "sanyawa... ba koyaushe ba ne aka sa daga ƙasa ta hanyar aiki mai tsanani [sic]", yana nuna cewa an yi amfani da wannan yanayin don nuna hanyar karɓar abinci bayan mutuwa a wata hanya daban, don nishaɗi ga matattu da kuma canjin fasaha na jinsi. Koyaya, akwai fassarar daban-daban cewa sun kasance, kamar wuraren biki, an nuna su don nuna hoton iko da kerawa bayan mutuwa kamar yadda wasu kayan aiki suke kama da juna kuma "mata da ke wurin... suna sanye da tufafi masu kama da waɗanda aka sa don biki

Davies ya rubuta cewa duk waɗannan al'amuran na iya samun ƙarin muhimmiyar mahimmanci wajen nuna dangin marigayin tare. Ya rubuta cewa Masarawa suna jin daɗin rayuwar iyali kuma "ƙarfin da ƙaunar iyali ta tsira daga mutuwa ya shaida ta ƙungiyoyin iyali da aka fentin a kusan kowane bango", yana nuna cewa manufar ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran kabarin ita ce tabbatar da abokantakarsu bayan mutuwa.

Gine-gine da kayan ado suna nuna shaidar da yawa ga tunanin Masarawa game da rayuwarsu bayan mutuwa. Kamar yadda kabarin ya kasu kashi biyu, ana iya cewa sun dauki mutuwarsu a sassa biyu, rayuwarsu bayan mutuwa da kuma lokacin sauyawa tsakanin mutuwa da rayuwa bayan mutuwa, wanda ba a nuna shi a cikin Kabarin Nakht ba. Kayan ado ya nuna cewa, ya bambanta da imanin Tsohon Masarauta, kamar yadda aka nuna a bangon Memphite mastabas, aikinsa mafi muhimmanci shine nuna rayuwa bayan mutuwa, tare da iyali, tare da alamun kerawa da iko, kuma "don haka hoton rayuwar Theban a cikin kabarin Daular goma sha takwas shine madubi mai haske na wanzuwar ... na gidajen da ke ke kewaye da shi inda Masarawa masu son yanayi suka fi so su zauna".

Famous painting of the Beautiful festival of the valley
Nakht shown hunting and fishing (above); the production of wine (below)
A false door surrounded by various depictions of offerings
A painting depicting an agricultural scene
Tawy embracing Nakht as he smells a lotus, whilst they sit together before a set of offerings
Entrance to the Tomb of Nakht

Dubi kuma

Jerin kaburbura na Theban

Manazarta

↑ Manniche, Lise: The so-called scenes of daily life in the private tombs of the Eighteenth Dynasty from Strudwick, Nigel and Taylor, John, The Theban Necropolis: Past Present and Future, The British Museum Press, London, 2002

[1] Manniche, Lise: The so-called scenes of daily life in the private tombs of the Eighteenth Dynasty from Strudwick, Nigel and Taylor, John, The Theban Necropolis: Past Present and Future, The British Museum Press, London, 2002

[1]