Tafiye-tafiyen Gulliver

Gulliver's Travels, wanda aka fara kiransa Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. A cikin Sashe huɗu. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, sannan kuma Captain of Several Ships, wani littafi ne na satirical na 1726 na marubucin Anglo-Irish kuma limami Jonathan Swift . Littafin ya yi ba'a da Yanayin ɗan adam da kuma tunanin "Labaran matafiya" na wallafe-wallafen. Gulliver's Travels yana daya daga cikin shahararrun litattafan Ingilishi da na duniya, kuma ya shahara da tsibirin Lilliput. Marubucin John Gay ya yi tsokaci game da aikin, "An karanta shi a duk duniya, daga majalisar ministoci zuwa ɗakin yara. " Ko da yake an rarraba littafin ne a ƙarƙashin wallafe-wallafen yara, Swift da farko ta rubuta shi a matsayin satire na siyasa. An daidaita littafin don wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, talabijin, da rediyo a cikin ƙarni.

Labarin game da Lemuel Gulliver ne, wani ɗan Ingila mai haɗari wanda ke tafiya zuwa jerin ƙasashe masu ban mamaki da masu nisa, kowannensu yana zaune da mutane masu ban mamaki waɗanda ke nuna fannoni daban-daban na yanayin ɗan adam da al'umma. A Lilliput, ya sadu da ƙananan mutane da ke cikin ƙananan rikice-rikice na siyasa; a Brobdingnag, shi ƙaramin mutum ne tsakanin manyan mutane waɗanda ke sukar al'adun Turai; a Laputa, ya saduwa da masu ilimi marasa amfani waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da gaskiyar; kuma a ƙasar Houyhnhnms, ya sami dawakai masu hankali da ke rayuwa cikin salama tare da halittu masu kama da mutane da ake kira Yahoos. Ta hanyar waɗannan tafiye-tafiye, littafin ya yi watsi da kuskuren wayewa daban-daban.

Ba a tabbatar da lokacin da Swift ta fara rubuta littafin ba, amma an dauke shi da ƙoƙari na satirizing shahararrun wallafe-wallafen. A tsakiyar shekara ta 1725, an gama littafin kuma kamar yadda aikin ya kasance satire na siyasa, mai yiwuwa ne cewa Swift yana da rubutun da wani marubuci ya kwafe don kada a iya amfani da rubuce-rubucensa a matsayin shaida idan shari'ar shari'a ta taso. Har ila yau, littafin yana da kalmomi da yawa, waɗanda ake kira yaren Liliputian, wanda masu sukar suka ce Ibrananci ne ya yi wahayi zuwa gare su. A lokacin da aka buga shi, littafin ya sami nasara nan take, kuma Swift ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya rubuta Gulliver's Travels "don tayar da duniya maimakon karkatar da ita". Ra'ayoyin jama'a na farko sun kasance masu kyau, tare da yawancin masu karatu suna yaba da basira mai basira, kwatancin gaske na tafiya zuwa ƙasashe masu nisa, da haɗarin siyasa da matafiya ke fuskanta a matsayin baƙi. Koyaya, wasu masu sukar sun zargi Swift da yawan lalata. Marubucin littafin Ingilishi William Thackeray, musamman, ya bayyana aikin a matsayin "mai banƙyama", yana mai cewa yana da tsananin gaske a cikin kwatancin al'ummomin ɗan adam.

Gulliver's Travels ya kasance sananne a zamanin yau saboda sharhin zamantakewa da jigogi. Labarin satire, musamman ma sukar da ya yi game da yanayin ɗan adam, kuskuren al'umma da ka'idoji, da alaƙar mutum, ana ci gaba da nazarin su a cikin al'ummomin wallafe-wallafen. Tun bayan mutuwarsa, Swift ya fito ne a matsayin marubucin Irish da aka fi karantawa da fassara, kuma Gulliver's Travels ya riƙe matsayinsa a matsayin littafin da marubucin Irish ya fi bugawa a cikin ɗakunan karatu da shagunan littattafai a duk duniya.

Gulliver da Lilliputians suka ɗaure, daga Gulliver's Travels: Littafin Hoton Launi don Nursery, Thomas Nelson da Sons, London, Edinburgh, New York, 1883

Makirci

Fayil:Map of Gulliver's travels.jpg

Wuraren da Gulliver ya ziyarta, a cewar Arthur Ellicott Case. Case ya yi jayayya cewa taswirar da ke cikin rubutun da aka buga sun samo asali ne daga wani wanda bai bi bayanin yanayin Swift ba; don gyara wannan, ya yi canje-canje kamar sanya Lilliput a gabashin Australia maimakon yamma.

Sashe na I: Tafiyar zuwa Lilliput

Tafiyar ta fara ne da ɗan gajeren gabatarwa inda Lemuel Gulliver ya ba da bayanin rayuwarsa da tarihinsa kafin tafiye-tafiyensa.

4 ga Mayu 1699 - 13 ga Afrilu 1702 

Mural da ke nuna Gulliver kewaye da 'yan Lilliput

A lokacin tafiyarsa ta farko, an wanke Gulliver a bakin teku bayan fashewar jirgin ruwa kuma ya sami kansa a matsayin fursuna na tseren ƙananan mutane ƙasa da inci 6 (15 tsawo, kamar ƙananan mutane a cikin tatsuniyoyi, waɗanda mazaunan tsibirin Lilliput ne. Bayan ya ba da tabbacin halin kirki, an ba shi zama a Lilliput kuma ya zama wanda aka fi so a Kotun Sarauta ta Lilliput. Har ila yau, Sarkin Lilliput ya ba shi izini ya zagaya birnin a kan yanayin cewa bai kamata ya cutar da talakawan su ba.

Da farko, Lilliputians suna karɓar bakuncin Gulliver, amma kuma suna da tsantsan game da barazanar da girmansa ke kawo musu. Lilliputians sun nuna kansu a matsayin mutanen da suka mai da hankali sosai kan al'amuran da ba su da muhimmanci. Misali, wane ƙarshen kwai mutum ya fashe ya zama tushen zurfin rikice-rikicen siyasa a cikin wannan al'umma. Su mutane ne da ke jin daɗin nuna iko da nuna iko. Gulliver ya taimaka wa Lilliputians a kan tsibirin tsibirin Blefuscu ta hanyar satar rundunar sojan ruwa. Ya ki rage Blefuscu zuwa lardin Lilliput, wanda bai gamsar da Sarki da kotun sarauta ba.

An tuhumi Gulliver da cin amana saboda, a tsakanin sauran laifuka, yin fitsari a babban birnin a matsayin hanyar kashe wuta. An same shi kuma an yanke masa hukuncin makantar da shi. Tare da taimakon aboki mai kirki, "mutum mai mahimmanci a kotu", ya tsere zuwa Blefuscu. A nan, ya hango kuma ya dawo da jirgin da aka watsar kuma ya tashi don a ceto shi da jirgin da ke wucewa, wanda ya kai shi gida tare da wasu dabbobin Lilliputian da yake ɗauka tare da shi.

Dubi kuma

• Aeneid
• Jerin jerin litattafan wallafe-wallafen
• Odyssey
• Sinbad mai jirgin ruwa
• Sunpadh
• Tafiyar Bran
• Gidan sarauta a Sama