Tafkin Edward
| Tafkin Edward | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 912 m |
| Tsawo | 77 km |
| Fadi | 40 km |
| Yawan fili | 2,150 km² |
| Vertical depth (en) | 117 m |
| Volume (en) | 39,500 hm³ |
| Suna bayan |
Edward VII (mul) |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 0°20′S 29°36′E / 0.33°S 29.6°E |
| Bangare na | Babban Tafkin Afirka |
| Kasa | Uganda da Jamhuriyar dimokuradiyya Kwango |
| Yankin kariya | Filin shakatawa na Virunga |
| Hydrography (en) | |
| Inflow (en) | |
| Outflows (en) | Kogin Semliki |
| Watershed area (en) | 12,096 km² |
| Ruwan ruwa | Nile Basin |
Tafkin Edward (a cikin gida Rwitanzigye ko Rweru) yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan manyan tabkuna na Afirka. Tana cikin Albertine Rift, reshen yammacin Rift na Gabashin Afirka, a kan iyaka tsakanin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) da Uganda, tare da iyakar arewacin 'yan kilomita a kudancin ma'auni.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mai binciken Welsh Henry Morton Stanley ya fara ganin tafkin a 1888, a lokacin Emin Pasha Relief Expedition . An sanya wa tafkin suna don girmama Albert Edward, Yarima na Wales, ɗan Sarauniya Victoria, kuma daga baya ya zama Sarki Edward VII.
A cikin 1973, Uganda da Zaire (DRC) na lokacin sun sake masa suna Lake Idi Amin bayan mai mulkin kama-karya na Uganda Idi Amin . Bayan da aka hambarar da shi a shekarar 1979, ya dawo da tsohon sunansa.
A cikin shekara ta 2014, tafkin ya kasance cibiyar takaddamar mai. SOCO International ta shiga cikin filin shakatawa na Virunga inda tafkin yake don neman mai. Koyaya, an yi wa mazauna ƙauyen da ma'aikatan da suka yi ƙoƙari su dakatar da kamfanin mai daga shiga yankin duka har ma an sace su kuma an azabtar da su. An yi la'akari da tsare-tsaren sake zana layin iyakokin Virunga da ware tafkin. Koyaya, tunda wurin shakatawa wuri ne na al'adun duniya kuma tafkin yana cikinta, irin waɗannan tsare-tsaren sun saba wa Yarjejeniyar Al'adun Duniya.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yanayin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tafkin Edward yana kan tsayin 920 metres (3,020 ft), yana da 77 kilometres (48 mi) tsawon 40 kilometres (25 mi) faɗinsa a matsakaicin maƙasudinsa, kuma ya ƙunshi jimillar faɗin 2,325 square kilometres (898 sq mi) , wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama ta 15 mafi girma a nahiyar. Kogin Nyamugasani, Kogin Ishasha, Kogin Rutshuru, Kogin Ntungwe, da Kogin Rwindi suna ciyar da tafkin. [ <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)">an buƙata</span> ] Tafkin George da ke arewa maso gabas ya kwarara cikinsa ta hanyar Tashar Kazinga . Tafkin Edward ya kwarara zuwa arewa ta hanyar Kogin Semliki zuwa cikin Tafkin Albert, inda ya haɗu da Farin Kogin Nilu, daga ƙarshe yana kwarara zuwa Kogin Nilu.
Yankin yammacin Great Rift Valley ya kai mita 2,000 (6,600 sama da yammacin bakin tafkin. Yankin kudanci da gabas suna da filayen lava. Duwatsun Ruwenzori suna da nisan kilomita 20 (12 a arewacin tafkin.
Dutsen wuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankin yana nuna shaidar aiki na dutsen wuta a cikin shekaru 5000 da suka gabata. Filin Katwe-Kikorongo da Bunyaruguru Volcanic Fields, tare da manyan cones da craters, suna kwance a kowane bangare na Kazinga Channel a arewa maso yammacin bakin tafkin. An yi tunanin cewa Lakes George da Edward sun kasance suna haɗuwa a matsayin tafki mafi girma, amma laka daga waɗannan filayen ya gudana ya raba shi, ya bar Kazinga Channel kawai a matsayin ragowar ƙungiyar da ta gabata. A kudu akwai dutsen mai fitattun wuta mai suna May-ya-Moto mai nisan kilomita 30 (19 , kuma dutsen mai fashewa na Nyamuragira a yammacin Dutsen Virunga yana da nisan kilomita 80 (50 kudu, amma ruwan da ke gudana ya kai tafkin a baya.
Filin Katwe-Kikorongo yana da manyan craters da cones da ke rufe yanki na kilomita 30 (19 da kilomita 15 (9.3 tsakanin tabkuna Edward da George, kuma ya haɗa da tabkuna bakwai. Mafi girma daga cikin wadannan, 2.5 kilomita (1.6 tsawo Lake Katwe, yana da rami mai nisan kilomita 4 (2.5 a fadin kuma an raba shi da Lake Edward da kawai mita 300 (980 na ƙasa. Crater din yana da zurfin mita 100 (330 , kuma Tafkin Katwe yana da kimanin mita 40 (130 ƙasa da Tafkin Edward. Yana da ban mamaki cewa asalin dutsen wuta na wannan yankin kudu maso gabashin Ruwenzoris ba a san shi ba har sai G. F. Scott Elliot ya ruwaito shi a cikin 1894. Stanley ya ziyarci Tafkin Katwe a cikin 1889 kuma ya lura da zurfin bakin ciki, salinity na tafkin, da kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwan sulphurous a kusa, amma ya kasa haɗa wannan da dutsen wuta.[1]
Bincike mai zurfi game da abubuwan da ke cikin calcite da biogenic silica (BSi) a cikin piston cores daga Lake Edward, Equatorial Africa, sun rubuta rikitarwa mu'amala tsakanin canjin yanayi da lacustrine geochemistry a cikin shekaru 5400 da suka gabata.[2]
Irin wannan filin Bunyaruguru a wancan gefen Tashar Kazinga ya ƙunshi kusan tabkuna 30 na crater, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi Lake Katwe girma.[3][4]
Garuruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tabkin Edward yana can gaba daya a cikin Gidan Shakatawa na Kasa na Virunga (DRC) da Gidan Shakatawa na Kasa na Queen Elizabeth (Uganda) kuma ba shi da yawaitar mazaunin bil'adam a gabar tekunsa, in ban da Ishango (DRC) da ke arewa, wanda gida ne ga cibiyar horar da masu gadin gidan shakatawa. Kusan kashi biyu cikin uku na ruwansa suna cikin DRC sannan kashi daya cikin uku a Uganda. Baya ga Ishango, babban mazaunin Kongo a kudu shi ne Vitshumbi, yayin da mazaunan Uganda sune Mweya da Katwe a arewa maso gabas, kusa da tabkin crater na wannan sunan, wanda shi ne babban mai samar da gishiri ga Uganda. Birane mafi kusa sune Kasese a Uganda zuwa arewa maso gabas da Butembo a DRC zuwa arewa maso yamma, wadanda ke da nisa da kusan 50 km da 150 km bi da bi ta kan hanya.[5]
Ilimin Halittu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tabkin Edward gida ne ga nau'ikan kifi da yawa, gami da al'ummar Bagrus docmak, Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis leucostictus, da sama da nau'ikan Haplochromis 50 da sauran nau'ikan haplochromine, wadanda 25 ne kawai aka bayyana a hukumance. Kamun kifi muhimmin aiki ne a tsakanin mazauna yankin. Dabbobin da ke zaune a gabar tabkin – gami da birai na chimpanzees, giwaye, kada, da zakoki – suna karkashin kariyari ta gidajen shakatawa na kasa. Har ila yau, yankin gida ne ga nau'ikan tsuntsaye masu dorewa da masu hijira da yawa.
Ragwar dawakun ruwa da tilapia
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A shekarun 1970, Tabkin Edward yana da adadin dawakun ruwa kusan 29,000 a ciki da kewaye da yankin tabkin. Amma saboda karuwar farautar ba bisa ka'ida ba tsawon shekaru, an sami raguwar kashi 95% na yawan jama'arsu, inda adadin ya fado zuwa ‘yan daruruwa kalilan a karshen shekarar 2006.[6] An gudanar da kidayar kasa a shekarar 2019 inda aka kiyasta cewa yawan jama'arsu a yanzu ya kai mambobi 1,500.[7] Masu farautar tsubu galibi suna farautar dokin ruwa ne saboda dimbin namansa da kuma hauren giwa da ake samu a hakoransa. Sakamakon tsadar farashin da naman dokin ruwa da hauren giwa ke samu, masu farautar na kishin farautar wadannan dabbobi, wanda hakan ke haifar da mummunan tasiri ba wai kawai ga dawakun ruwa ba, har ma da tsarin halittu na Tabkin Edward da masunata na cikin gida wadanda suka dogara da tabkin don rayuwa.[8]
Yawan dawakun ruwa yana da matukar muhimmanci ga tsarin halittu na Tabkin Edward saboda kasancewarsa babban nau'in halitta na kashin baya. Dawakun ruwa suna samar da kashi, wanda ke ciyar da kifin tilapia, wani nau'in kifi da ya taba yin yawa a Tabkin Edward. Dokin ruwa guda daya zai iya samar da kusan kilogiram 24 ko fam 55 na kashi a kowace rana, wanda zai iya ciyar da dubban tilapias a cikin tsarin halittu.[9] Yayin da dawakun ruwa suka ragu saboda farautar ba bisa ka'ida ba, abincin da suke baiwa kifin tilapia ya fara bace wa shima. Wannan ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin al'ummar tilapia, domin raguwar dawakun ruwa ba zai iya tallafawa adadin kifin tilapia iri daya kamar da ba, wanda ke haifar da babbar matsala ba wai ga tsarin halittu kadai ba, har ma ga masunta a cikin kauyukan da suka kewaye Tabkin Edward.
Kasancewansu kusa da Tabkin Edward, kauyukan da ke cikin yankin galibi sun dogara ne da kifi, musamman tilapia, don tallafawa iyalansu da abinci da kudi. A baya, Tabkin Edward zai iya tallafawa buƙatun kifi na duk gabashin DRC. Tabkin yana da karfin samar da kifin tilapia tsakanin tan 15,000 zuwa 20,000 duk shekara, tare da kimanta kusan kwalekwalen kamun kifi 700 a kan tabkin. Sakamakon raguwar dawakun ruwa a yankin saboda farauta, wannan ya shafi adadin tilapia a cikin tabkin, wanda ya sa masunta a kauyukan da ke kusa su wahala, da ma sauran gabashin DRC. Kasuwanni da yawa ba su iya dorewar kifin na su ba, a yanzu sai sun shigo da kifi daga wasu yankuna don ci gaba da kasuwancinsu.[6][9]
Kodayake, raguwar dawakun ruwa ba ita ce kadai barazana ga tilapia a Tabkin Edward ba. Sakamakon raguwar al'ummar tilapia, wuraren haifuwa da wuraren kamun kifi sun kasance haramun ga masunta. Amma wasu gungun 'yan tawaye da barayi ko masunta ba bisa ka'ida ba suna gwada sa'arsu a wadannan yankunan, galibi suna haifar da karin matsaloli lokacin kokarin kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan tilapia a yankin.[9] Saboda haka, kauyuka da yawa a kewaye da Tabkin Edward gami da tsarin halittu na Tabkin Edward suna shan wahala.
Karamin Yakin Tabkin Edward na 2018
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2018, an yi wani fada na ruwa tsakanin kasashen biyu na Uganda da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo a Tabkin Edward. Wannan arangama ta fara ne sakamakon tura jiragen ruwan yaki na Kongo don bincikar rahotannin cewa sojojin ruwan Uganda sun kama jiragen kamun kifi na Kongo da dama, da kuma farar hula. Wannan arangama ta yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutum daya, da raunata wasu mutane uku.[10][11]
Rahotannin farko na jami'an gudanarwa na Kongo na cikin gida sun yi ikirarin cewa mutane bakwai ne aka kashe a fadan, sai dai hakan bai sami goyon baya daga kowace gwamnatin kasa ba.[12] A ranar 9 ga Yuli, jami'in Arewacin Kivu Muhindo Kyakwa ya yi ikirarin cewa an kashe masunta na Kongo guda goma sha biyu a arangamar.[13]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Holmes, A. and Harwood, H.F. (1932) "Petrology of the Volcanic Fields East and South-East of Ruwenzori, Uganda", Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 88 (1-4), p. 370–442, doi:10.1144/GSL.JGS.1932.088.01-04.16
- ↑ Russell, James M.; Johnson, Thomas C. (July 2005). "A high-resolution geochemical record from Lake Edward, Uganda Congo and the timing and causes of tropical African drought during the late Holocene". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (12–13): 1375–1389. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24.1375R. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.003. ISSN 0277-3791.
- ↑ "The mysterious twin lakes of Rubirizi | Rubirizi District". rubirizi.go.ug. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
- ↑ "Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru". Monitor (in Turanci). 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
- ↑ Carte Routière et Touristique Michelin (1996) Afrique Nord-Est et Arabie, map scale 1:4 000 000, Paris : Pneu Michelin
- 1 2 Schrank, Delphine (2009-06-01). "As Go the Hippos …". The Atlantic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
- ↑ "Hippopotamus | Discover Wildlife at Virunga National Park". Virunga National Park (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-11-04.
- ↑ "Elite rangers take on rebels to end the slaughter of Congo's hippos". the Guardian (in Turanci). 2006-12-22. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
- 1 2 3 "Conservation Efforts to Save Hippos May End Ongoing Tilapia Shortage in DRC Lakes". Global Press Journal (in Turanci). 2018-04-08. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
- ↑ "One killed, three wounded after clashes near Congo-Uganda border". Reuters. July 6, 2018. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018.
- ↑ "One killed, three wounded after clashes near Congo-Uganda border". africanews.com. July 7, 2018.
- ↑ "Uganda and DR Congo clash on Lake Edward". Club of Mozambique. BBC. July 6, 2018.
- ↑ "Uganda and Congo forces clash in Lake Edward dispute". Deutsche Welle. July 10, 2018.
"The 12 bodies of our compatriots are still floating on Edward Lake," said Muhindo Kyakwa, a senior Congolese official of the province of North Kivu.