Tafkin Mariout

Tafkin Mariout
General information
Height above mean sea level (en)	−3 m
Yawan fili	180 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	31°09′11″N 29°53′55″E
Kasa	Misra
Territory	Alexandria da Alexandria Governorate (en)

Tafkin 'Mariut'''' (Arabic), tafkin mai laushi ne a arewacin Masar kusa da birnin Alexandria . Yankin tafkin ya rufe kilomita 200 (77 sq kuma yana da tashar ruwa a farkon karni na 20, amma a farkon karni ya 21, ya rufe kusan 'i kilomita 50.

Magana

Sunan Tafkin Mariout ya samo asali ne daga sunan Helenanci na Mareotis (Girkanci na dā: ) ko Marea, wanda aka sani da shi a zamanin Ptolemaic.

Bayani na gaba ɗaya

Tafkin Mariout a cikin 2010

A zamanin d ̄ a, tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake yanzu, ya kara zuwa kudu da yamma kuma yana da kusan kilomita 700 (270 sq . Ba shi da bakin da ke haɗa shi da Bahar Rum, ana ciyar da shi da ruwan Nilu ta hanyar hanyoyi da yawa. A ƙarni na goma sha biyu tafkin ya ragu zuwa tarin tabkuna da filayen gishiri kuma ya bushe a Ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya.

Har zuwa karni na 18 tafkin ruwa ne mai kyau, kodayake yawancin zai bushe a kowace shekara a lokacin jim kadan kafin Kogin Nilu ya sake ambaliya. Wani guguwa a shekara ta 1770 ya karya bango na teku a Abu Qir, ya haifar da tafkin ruwan teku da aka sani da Tafkin Abu Qir . An raba ruwan gishiri daga Tafkin Mariout ta hanyar tashar da ta ba da damar ruwa mai kyau ya yi tafiya daga Kogin Nilu zuwa Iskandariya. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Siege na Alexandria, a ranar 13 ga Maris 1801, Birtaniya ta yanke tashar, ta ba da damar babban ruwan teku daga Tafkin Abu Qir zuwa Tafkin Mariout. Tafkin Abu Qir ya daina wanzuwa, kuma Tafkin Mariout ya zama mai laushi maimakon sabo.

Ruwan ruwan gishiri ya kuma lalata ƙauyuka 150 yayin da yake cika Tafkin Mariout don haka ba zato ba tsammani ya sake dawo da tsohuwar yankin sa kuma ya zama mai zurfi don kewayawa. Hanyar Alexandria zuwa Kogin Nilu ta ɓace, wanda ya bukaci bude Mahmoudiyah Canal daga Alexandria zuwa Kogun Nilu a cikin 1820.

Tafkin Mariout ya rabu da Tekun Bahar Rum ta hanyar ƙanƙanin isthmus wanda aka gina birnin Alexandria. Yankin tafkin gida ne ga kamun kifi da Ginin gishiri. Tun a farkon shekarun 1900, an rubuta cewa ana tsaftace gishiri daga yammacin tafkin.

A cewar wasu rubuce-rubuce, an sami sunan mai suna a bakin wannan tafkin.

Cin zarafi

Garin Abusir na bakin teku, wanda aka sani a zamanin Graeco-Roman kamar Taposiris Magna, yana kan iyakar Tafkin Mariout . Za a iya ganin rushewar tsohuwar haikalin da tsohuwar kwatankwacin Hasumiyar Iskandariya a can. Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, an kuma zarge shi da zama wurin binne Cleopatra VII da Mark Antony.