Tafkin Tana
| Tafkin Tana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 1,788 m |
| Tsawo | 84 km |
| Fadi | 66 km |
| Yawan fili |
2,156 km² 3,600 km² |
| Vertical depth (en) |
14 m 8 m |
| Volume (en) | 28 km³ |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 12°00′N 37°15′E / 12°N 37.25°E |
| Kasa | Habasha |
| Territory |
Amhara Region (en) |
| Hydrography (en) | |
| Inflow (en) | |
| Outflows (en) |
Blue Nile Tana-Beles interbasin water transfer (en) |
| Residence time of water (en) | 8.9 a |
| Watershed area (en) | 16,500 km² |
| Ruwan ruwa | Nile Basin |
Lake Tana ( Amharic ; Tsana da aka rubuta a baya [1] ) ita ce tafki mafi girma a Habasha kuma tushen Blue Nile . Tana cikin Yankin Amhara a tsaunukan arewa maso yammacin Habasha, tafkin yana da tsawon 84 kilometres (52 mi) da faɗin 66 kilometres (41 mi), tare da zurfin 15 metres (49 ft), da tsayin 1,788 metres (5,866 ft) . [2] Kogin Gilgel Abay, Reb da Gumara suna ciyar da tafkin Tana. Yankin samansa ya kama daga 3,000 to 3,500 square kilometres (1,200 to 1,400 sq mi), ya danganta da yanayi da ruwan sama. An tsara matakin tafkin tun lokacin da aka gina wurin sarrafawa inda tafkin ke kwarara zuwa cikin Blue Nile. Wannan yana sarrafa kwararar ruwa zuwa Blue Nile Falls (Tis Abbai) da tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta ruwa.
A cikin shekara ta 2015, an zabi yankin Lake Tana a matsayin UNESCO Biosphere Reserve wanda ya amince da muhimmancin halitta da al'adu na kasa da kasa.
Bayani na gaba ɗaya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tafkin Tana ya samo asali ne daga aikin dutsen wuta, wanda ya toshe kwararar koguna a farkon Pleistocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan 5 da suka gabata.
Tafkin ya fi girma fiye da yadda yake a yau. Manyan koguna bakwai na dindindin suna ciyar da tafkin da kuma kananan koguna 40 na yanayi. Manyan hanyoyin da ke cikin tafkin sune Gilgel Abbay (Kananan Kogin Nilu), da kogin Megech, Gumara, da Rib.
Tafkin Tana yana da tsibirai da yawa, wanda yawan su ya bambanta da matakin tafkin. Ya fadi kusan 6 feet (1.8 m) a cikin shekaru 400 da suka gabata. A cewar Manuel de Almeida, wani mishan na Portugal a farkon karni na 17, akwai tsibirai 21, bakwai ko takwas daga cikinsu suna da masallatai a kansu "tsohon babba, amma yanzu sun ragu sosai". [3] Lokacin da James Bruce ya ziyarci yankin a 1771, ya lura cewa mazauna garin sun ƙidaya tsibirai 45, amma ya bayyana cewa "adadin na iya zama kusan goma sha ɗaya. " Anton Stecker, a 1881, ya yi cikakken bincike game da tafkin, wanda ya ba da taswirar daidai, [3] kuma ya ƙidaya kusan tsibirai 44. Wani masanin ilimin ƙasa na ƙarni na 20 mai suna tsibirai 37, wanda ya yi imanin cewa 19 suna da ko suna da masallatai ko majami'u a kansu.[1]
Ana adana ragowar Sarakunan Habasha na dā da dukiyar Kiristanci na Habasha a cikin masallatai na tsibirin da aka ware (ciki har da Kebran Gabriel, Ura Kidane Mehret, Narga Selassie, Daga Estifanos, Medhane Alem na Tsibirin Rema, Kota Maryam, da Mertola Maryam). A tsibirin Tana Qirqos wani dutse ne da aka nuna wa Paul B. Henze, inda aka gaya masa Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu ta huta a kan tafiyarta daga Masar; an kuma gaya masa cewa Frumentius, wanda ya gabatar da Kiristanci zuwa Habasha, an "ana binne shi a Tana Cherqos. " [4] An binne jikin Yekuno Amlak a gidan ibada na St. Stephen a Tsibirin Daga. Sarkin sarakuna waɗanda kabarinsu ma a Daga sun haɗa da Dawit I, Zara Yaqob, Za Dengel, da Fasilides . Sauran mahimman tsibirai a Tafkin Tana sun haɗa da Dek, Mitraha, Gelila Zakariya, Halimun da Briguida .
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran tabkuna na wurare masu zafi, ruwan da ke cikin Tafkin Tana yana da sanyi, yawanci yana daga kimanin 20 to 27 °C (68–81 °F) ° C (68-81 ° F). Ruwa yana da pH wanda yake tsaka-tsaki zuwa ɗan alkaline kuma bayyanarsa tana da ƙarancin gaske.
Saboda manyan bambance-bambance na yanayi a cikin shigowar mahaukacinta, ruwan sama da evaporation, matakan ruwa na Tafkin Tana yawanci sun bambanta da 2-2.5 a cikin shekara, suna ƙaruwa a watan Satumba-Oktoba bayan babban lokacin rigar. Lokacin da matakan ruwa suka yi yawa, filayen da ke kewaye da tafkin sau da yawa suna ambaliya kuma wasu maras kyau na dindindin a yankin sun haɗu da tafkin.
Dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tun da yake babu wani ruwa da ke haɗa tafkin zuwa wasu manyan hanyoyin ruwa kuma babban fitowar, Blue Nile, Blue Nile Falls ne ya hana shi, tafkin yana tallafawa dabbobin ruwa na musamman, wanda gabaɗaya yana da alaƙa da nau'o'in daga Kogin Nilu.[5] Matsayin abinci mai gina jiki na tafkin yana da ƙarancin gaske.
Kifi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Akwai nau'ikan kifaye 27 a Tafkin Tana kuma 20 daga cikinsu suna da yawa . Wannan ya haɗa da ɗaya daga cikin garken nau'ikan cyprinid guda biyu kacal da aka sani (ɗayan, daga Tafkin Lanao a Philippines, an lalata shi ta hanyar nau'ikan da aka gabatar). Ya ƙunshi manyan kifaye 15, har zuwa 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) dogayen bishiyoyin Labeobarbus waɗanda a da aka haɗa su a cikin Barbus maimakon haka. [5] [6] Daga cikin waɗannan, L. acutirostris, L. longissimus, L. megastoma da L. truttiformis suna da matuƙar kama da piscivorous, kuma L. dainellii, L. gorguari, L. macrophthalmus da L. platydorsus galibi suna kama da piscivorous. [7] Mafi mahimmancin abincinsu shine ƙaramin nau'in Enteromius da Garra . [7] [6] [8] Sauran Labeobarbus da ke Tafkin Tana suna da wasu halaye na musamman na ciyarwa: L. beso (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran) yana ciyar da algae, L. surkis galibi yana ciyar da macrophytes, L. gorgorensis akan macrophytes da molluscs, L. brevicephalus akan zooplankton (duk da haka, ƙananan yara na dukkan membobin nau'in garken suna ciyar da zooplankton), L. osseensis akan macrophytes da kwari na manya, da L. crassibarbis, L. intermedius (wanda ba shi da alaƙa da sauran), L. nedgia da L. tsanensis akan ƙananan halittu masu ƙashin baya kamar tsutsotsi na chironomid . Daga cikin Labeobarbus masu alaƙa da sauran, nau'ikan halittu takwas suna fitowa a cikin dausayin tafkin kuma sauran suna motsawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa cikin magudanar ruwa inda suke haihuwa. [7]
Kammala kamun kifi da barazana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tafkin Tana yana tallafawa babban masana'antar kamun kifi, musamman dangane da kifin Labeobarbus, kifin gurguri (Nile tilapia) da kuma tarwada (sharptooth catfish). A cewar Ma'aikatar Kamun Kifi da Kiwon Kifi ta Habasha, an kwashe tan 1,454 na kifi a shekarar 2011 a Bahir Dar, wanda ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da kiyasin cewa kashi 15% ne kawai na adadin da za a iya kamawa mai dorewa.[9] Duk da haka, a cikin wani bita da ya kwatanta kamun kifi na shekarar 2001 da na shekaru goma da suka gabata, an gano cewa girman kifin gurguri da na tarwada ya ragu sosai, kuma yawan kifin Labeobarbus da ke hayayyafa a rassan kogunan ya ragu sosai.[7] Daga cikin kifin da ke wannan yankin kadai, yawancinsu ana daukar su a matsayin masu fuskantar barazana (cikin hatsari ko kuma masu rauni) ko kuma wadanda ba a da isasshen bayanai a kansu ta fannin tantance matsayinsu daga hukumar IUCN.[10] A farkon shekarun 2000, gwamnatin yankin ta gabatar da dokar kamun kifi a karon farko, kuma ana fatan wannan zai yi tasiri mai kyau ga yawan kifin.[7]
Sauran barazana masu tsanani sun hada da lalata mazaunin halittu da gurbata muhalli. Bahir Dar ya zama babban birni kuma yana bunkasa cikin sauri; gaba daya ana zuba ruwan tuka (kazanta) na birnin kai tsaye cikin tafkin.[7] Shuke-shuken da ke dausayin tafkin, wadanda ke da muhimmanci ga renon kifin Labeobarbus da sauran kifi, ana share su cikin sauri. Wata barazana mai tsanani ga wannan tsarin muhalli na musamman ita ce shigar da wani babban kifi mai cin nama kuma mai hazaka kamar kifin Giwan Ruwa (Nile perch), wanda ya haddasa bacewar nau'ikan halittu da dama a Tafkin Victoria. Kifin Labeobarbus mai cin kifi na Tafkin Tana ba shi da hazakar farauta sosai, inda zai iya cin kifi ne kawai wanda girmansa bai wuce kashi 15% na tsayin kansa ba.[7]
Sauran dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Daga cikin sauran dabbobi, tafkin yana tallafawa tsuntsaye da halittu marasa kashi kalilan: Akwai nau'ikan dabbobin dake da katantanwa (mollusks) guda goma sha biyar, ciki har da nau'i daya na musamman na yankin, sannan akwai soso na ruwan dadi (sponge) na musamman na yankin.[5]
Kimanin nau'ikan tsuntsaye 230, gami da tsuntsayen dausayi sama da 80 kamar tsuntsun gado (great white pelican), tsuntsun darter na Afirka, hamerkop, shamuwa (storks), tsuntsun spoonbill na Afirka, ibis, agwagi, tsuntsayen kingfisher da kuma mikiya mai cin kifi ta Afirka, an san su a Tafkin Tana.[7] Wuri ne mai mahimmanci na hutu da neman abinci ga tsuntsayen ruwa masu yin hijira daga yankin Palearctic.[5]
Babu kada a cikinsa, amma an yi rajistar samun kunkurun ruwa mai laushi na Afirka da kuma gubbi (Nile monitor) kusa da inda kogin Blue Nile ke fita daga tafkin.[11] Dorinar ruwa kuma suna nan, galibi kusa da inda kogin Blue Nile ke fita.[7]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Garstin & Cana 1911.
- ↑ "Lake Tana, source of the Blue Nile". Observing the Earth. European Space Agency. 5 November 2004. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- 1 2 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Beckham". - ↑ Empty citation (help)
- 1 2 3 4 "Lake Tana". Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. 2008. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2012. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "FEOW" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 de Graaf, Martin; Dejen, Eshete; Sibbing, Ferdinand A.; Osse, Jan W. M. (2000). "Barbus tanapelagius, A New Species from Lake Tana (Ethiopia): its Morphology and Ecology". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 59 (1): 1–9. Bibcode:2000EnvBF..59....1D. doi:10.1023/A:1007608208630.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Vijverberg2009". - ↑ de Graaf, Martin; Megens, Hendrik-Jan; Samallo, Johannis; Sibbing, Ferdinand (2007). "Evolutionary origin of Lake Tana's (Ethiopia) small Barbus species: indications of rapid ecological divergence and speciation". Animal Biology. 57 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1163/157075607780002069.
- ↑ "Information on Fisheries Management in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia" Archived 28 ga Faburairu, 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), January 2003
- ↑ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN. 2019. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
- ↑ Largen and Spawls (2010). The Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. ISBN 978-3-89973-466-9