Taijin kyofusho
 Taijin kyofusho | |
|---|---|
type of disease (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Culture-bound syndrome da Damuwa na zamantakewa |
| Ƙasa | Japan |
Taijin kyofusho ( Japanese , TKS, don alamun taijin kyofusho ) wata cuta ce ta musamman ga al'adun Japan. Kalmar taijin kyofusho tana fassara zuwa rashin lafiyar ( sho ) na tsoro ( kyofu ) na dangantakar mutane ( taijin ). Waɗanda ke da taijin kyofusho suna iya jin kunya sosai game da kansu ko kuma tsoron ɓata wa wasu rai idan aka zo ga ayyukan jikinsu ko bayyanarsu. Waɗannan ayyukan jiki da bayyanarsu sun haɗa da fuskokinsu, ƙamshi, ayyukansu, ko kamanninsu. Misalai sun haɗa da tsoron faɗa tsakanin ido da ido, ja, da kuma fitar da yanayin fuska mara daɗi ko warin jiki. Ba sa son kunyata wasu mutane da kasancewarsu. Wannan cuta mai alaƙa da al'ada tsoro ne na zamantakewa wanda ya dogara da tsoro da damuwa . [1]
Alamomin wannan cuta sun haɗa da guje wa fita da fita da ayyukan jama'a, bugun zuciya mai sauri, ƙarancin numfashi, tashin hankali, rawar jiki, da kuma jin tsoro da firgici lokacin da ake tare da mutane. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan cuta galibi suna faruwa ne daga raunin motsin rai ko tsarin kare kai na kwakwalwa. [2] Ya fi yawa a cikin maza fiye da mata. [3] An kiyasta yawan mace-macen da ake samu a rayuwa ya kai kashi 3-13%.
Ƙananan rukunoni
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana siffanta Taijin kyofusho a matsayin wani nau'i na damuwa ta zamantakewa ( tsoron zamantakewa), tare da mutumin da ke jin tsoro da guje wa hulɗa da jama'a, kuma a matsayin wani nau'in shinkeishitsu ( cutar damuwa ). [4] Duk da haka, maimakon tsoron kunyatar da kansu ko kuma a yi musu hukunci mai tsauri daga wasu saboda rashin iyawarsu ta zamantakewa, masu fama da cutar taijin kyofusho suna ba da rahoton tsoron ɓata wa wasu rai ko cutar da su. [5] Don haka an fi mai da hankali kan guje wa cutar da wasu maimakon ga kansu.
A bugu na biyar na Littafin Bincike da Ƙididdiga na Cututtukan Hankali ( DSM-5 ) an ɗauke shi a matsayin ƙaramin rukuni na rukunin "Sauran Cututtukan da Aka Bayyana Masu Kama da Mummunan Halayya" [300.3 (F42)], inda nau'ikan taijin kyofusho sune "Shubo-kyofu [...] wanda yayi kama da cutar dysmorphic jiki kuma ana siffanta shi da tsoron wuce gona da iri na samun nakasar jiki" da "Jikoshu-kyofu [...] wanda ake siffanta shi da tsoron samun warin jiki mai ban haushi".
Bugun DSM-5 da aka sake fasalin ya raba taijin kyofusho zuwa nau'i biyu daban-daban: masu saurin kamuwa da cutarwa. Ana iya raba nau'in farko zuwa sassa biyu waɗanda sune nau'in gargajiya da kuma nau'in gujewa. Nau'in gargajiya yana jin tsoron a yi masa hukunci mara kyau saboda alamun damuwa na zahiri da kuma jin kunya saboda damuwa. Alamomin jiki da ka iya haifar da tsoron a yi masa hukunci sun haɗa da gumi da rawar jiki. Nau'in na biyu yana magana ne game da mutane suna tunanin wani abu game da su abin ƙyama ne. Wasu daga cikin fargabar su sun haɗa da warin jiki, iskar gas, yawan haɗuwa da ido ko rashin isasshen haske, ja, da sauransu.
A cikin tsarin ganewar asali na Japan, an raba taijin kyofusho zuwa rukuni masu zuwa: [6]
Ganewar Ganewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya gano cewa mutum yana da matsalar tabin hankali idan ya ji kamar halayensa, halayensa, da halayensa na zahiri ba su da kyau a cikin yanayi na zamantakewa. Sakamakon waɗannan ji, suna kuma fuskantar wahala mai ɗorewa a cikin nau'in damuwa ta hanyar kunya, kunya, damuwa, tsoro, da sauran motsin rai masu tsauri da ke faruwa lokacin da suka fuskanci yanayi na zamantakewa. Bugu da ƙari, mutane suna damuwa game da rashin iya kiyaye kyakkyawar dangantaka da wasu. Idan ana maganar hulɗa da mutane, masu fama da cutar taijin kyofusho suna guje wa yanayi mai raɗaɗi na zamantakewa da na hulɗa da mutane, yayin da suke ƙin yin hakan a lokaci guda. [3] Waɗanda za su iya haifar da cutar taijin kyofusho suna da halayyar ɗabi'a ta rashin ɗabi'a. [7] Daidaito tsakanin rashin ɗabi'a da rashin ɗabi'a a cikin yanayin rashin ɗabi'a ya fi karkata ga rashin ɗabi'a. Rashin ɗabi'a yana sa masu fama da ita su mai da hankali kan kansu da matsalolin da suke da su, kuma ta hanyar mai da hankali kan rauninsu suna ƙara damuwa da baƙin ciki. [7]
Magani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maganin gargajiya na Japan don maganin taijin kyofusho shine maganin Morita, [8] wanda Shoma Morita ta ƙirƙira a shekarun 1910 a matsayin maganin cututtukan kwakwalwa na Japan kamar taijin kyofusho da shinkeishitsu ( jin tsoro ). Tsarin asali ya haɗa da keɓewa ga marasa lafiya, hutawa a kan gado, rubuta littafin tarihin rayuwa, aikin hannu, da laccoci kan mahimmancin karɓar kai da ƙoƙari mai kyau. Tun daga shekarun 1930, an gyara maganin don haɗawa da jiyya na waje da na rukuni . Wannan sigar da aka gyara ana kiranta da maganin neo-Morita. Magunguna kuma sun sami karɓuwa a matsayin zaɓin magani don taijin kyofusho. Sauran jiyya sun haɗa da rage hankali a hankali, wanda ya haɗa da fallasa kai ga tsoro a hankali, da koyon ƙwarewar shakatawa, don kashe tsoro da damuwa.
Milnacipran, wani maganin hana sake amfani da serotonin-norepinephrine (SNRI), ana amfani da shi a halin yanzu wajen maganin taijin kyofusho kuma an nuna cewa yana da tasiri ga matsalar damuwa ta zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da ita. [9] Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan matsalar shine sa marasa lafiya su mai da hankali kan sassan jikinsu da kuma abubuwan da ke motsa su. [7]
Yaɗuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawanci, wannan cuta tana tasowa ne sakamakon tarihin hana mutane jin kunya da kuma rashin jin daɗi a lokacin yarinta. [3] Yana yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga wani mummunan yanayi mai ban tsoro, ko kuma ta samo asali ne daga farkon cutar ta tsawon rayuwa wadda ke bayyana ne kawai bayan lokaci. [3]
Bayanan asibiti sun nuna cewa maza sun fi mata yawa suna da wannan yanayin, duk da cewa mata sun fi maza yawa a ma'aunin tsoron jama'a, kuma suna bayar da rahoton maki mafi girma game da jin kunya. Wannan ya bambanta da al'ummar Yammacin duniya inda yawan mata masu tsoron jama'a ya fi na maza girma. [1] Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya gano cewa wannan cuta ta zama ruwan dare a cikin tsararraki da yawa. [2] Yawan cutar a tsawon rayuwa yana raguwa tsakanin 3% da 13% tare da canje-canje a cikin tsananin da ke faruwa a tsawon rayuwar mutum. An kiyasta cewa kusan 17% na mutanen da ke da cutar taijin kyofusho suna jin tsoron sakin warin jiki mara kyau. [3] Ko da yake wani lokacin ba a gano su ba, alamun taijin kyofusho ba sabon abu bane a Japan. [2]
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kiyayyar Mutane
- Rashin Halayyar Mutum Mai Gujewa
- Tsoron kimantawa mara kyau
- Hikikomori
- Mai sukar ciki
- Zalunci na cikin gida
- NEET
- Rashin Lafiyar Tunani-Nauyin Nauyi
- Tsantsar hankali
- Rage darajar kai
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Tanaka-Matsumi, Junko (1979-09-01). "Taijin Kyofusho: Diagnostic and cultural issues in Japanese psychiatry". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry (in Turanci). 3 (3): 231–245. doi:10.1007/BF00114612. ISSN 1573-076X. PMID 520018.
- ↑ James, R. (2006). Culture-bound syndromes: Taijin Kyofusho. In Y. Jackson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of multicultural psychology. (pp. 146-147). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi:10.4135/9781412952668.n76
- 1 2 3 4 Saunders, Dustin. "Taijin Kyofusho: A Culture-Bound Syndrome". BrainPhysics.com. The Deep Health Network. Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-04-22.] Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Saunders, D. 2013" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Tarumi, S.; Ichimiya, A; Yamada, S; Umesue, M; Kuroki, T (2004). "Taijin Kyofusho in University Students: Patterns of Fear and Predispositions to the Offensive Variant". Transcultural Psychiatry. 41 (4): 533–46. doi:10.1177/1363461504047933. PMID 15709650. S2CID 24241644.
- ↑ Tanaka-Matsumi, J (1979). "Taijin Kyofusho: Diagnostic and cultural issues in Japanese psychiatry". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 3 (3): 231–45. doi:10.1007/bf00114612. PMID 520018. S2CID 10929875.
- ↑ (Martha ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help)[page needed] - 1 2 3 Maeda, F; Nathan, J. H. (1999). "Understanding taijin kyofusho through its treatment, Morita therapy". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 46 (6): 525–30. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(98)00113-5. PMID 10454167. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "ReferenceA" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Kora, T. (1965). "Morita Therapy". International Journal of Psychiatry. The ToDo Institute. 1 (4): 611–45. PMID 5840512.
- ↑ Nagata, Toshihiko; Wada, Akira; Yamada, Hisashi; Iketani, Toshiya; Kiriike, Obuo (2005). "Effect of milnacipran on insight and stress coping strategy in patients with Taijin Kyofusho". International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice. 9 (3): 193–198. doi:10.1080/13651500510029228. PMID 24937790. S2CID 205789678.