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Taimako na jin kai

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Taimako na jin kai
world view (en) Fassara
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Ƙaramin ɓangare na belief system (en) Fassara da solidarity (en) Fassara
Gudanarwan humanitarian (en) Fassara

Taimako na jin kai; wani akida ne da ke da alaƙa da darajar rayuwar ɗan adam, inda mutane ke yin magani mai kyau da kuma ba da taimako ga wasu mutane don rage wahala da inganta yanayin bil'adama don dalilai na ɗabi'a, Rashin son kai, da motsin rai.

Ɗaya daga cikin al'amuran ya haɗa da taimakon gaggawa na son rai tare da kare hakkin dan adam, matakan da gwamnatoci suka dauka, taimakon ci gaba, da taimakon gida. Sauran batutuwan da suka shafi sun haɗa da alaƙa da imani na addini, motsawa na taimako tsakanin sadaukarwa, alaƙar kasuwa, mulkin mallaka na zamantakewa da neo-colonialism, jinsi da alaƙar aji, da Hukumomin.

An san mai aiki a matsayin mai ba da agaji. Duk da yake ana iya gano aikin jin kai a matakin gida da na ƙasa tun da daɗewa a tarihi, malaman siyasar duniya suna nuna zuwan motsin jin kai na duniya zuwa karni na 19. Halitta ta Red Cross ta Duniya a 1863 an dauke ta a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar jin kai ta duniya.[1] Yankin jin kai ya fadada tsawon lokaci tare da sauya ra'ayoyin wanda ya ƙidaya a matsayin "mutum" kuma wanda rayuwarsa ta cancanci ceto.[1][2]

Koyarwar duniya

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Duk wani zagi ko zalunci ga mutum saboda ya kasance daga wata kabila, wani yare ko wani matsayi na zamantakewa fiye da ni, ina ɗaukarsa a matsayin barbaric. L. L. Zamenhof a kan Hómaranism.

Masana gabaɗaya sun lura cewa jin kai ya ƙaru a cikin lokaci, yayin da mutane da ƙungiyoyi suka faɗaɗa ma'anar rayuwar ɗan adam ga ƙungiyoyi fiye da mahallinsu.[3] Gudanar da jin kai ya zama mai rikitarwa kuma an tsara shi a tsawon lokaci.[4]

Jean Pictet, a cikin "The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross: Commentary", ya yi jayayya game da halaye na duniya na jin kai:

Tushen ka'idar bil'adama yana cikin ainihin halin zamantakewa wanda za'a iya taƙaita shi a cikin jumla ɗaya, Duk abin da ya kamata mutane su yi muku, ku yi musu haka. Ana iya samun wannan ka'ida ta asali, a kusan iri ɗaya, a cikin dukkan manyan addinai, Brahminism, Buddha, Kiristanci, Confucianism, Islama, Yahudanci da Taoism. Har ila yau, mulki ne na zinariya na masu ra'ayin zuciya, waɗanda ba sa sadaukar da kansu ga kowane addini amma kawai ga bayanan gogewa, cikin sunan dalili kadai. Tabbas ba lallai ba ne a koma ga ra'ayoyin motsin rai ko ra'ayoyi masu wucewa don gane fa'idar maza suyi aiki tare don inganta yanayinsu.[5]

Misalan tarihi da tsarawa

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An ga jin kai a fili a cikin sauye-sauyen zamantakewa na ƙarshen 1800s da farkon 1900s, biyo bayan rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki na Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu a Ingila. Yawancin mata a Biritaniya waɗanda ke da hannu tare da mata a cikin shekarun 1900 suma sun tura aikin jin kai. Sa'o'i masu ban tsoro da yanayin aiki na yara da ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa sun zama ba bisa ka'ida ba ta hanyar matsin lamba ga majalisa daga masu ba da agaji. Dokar Masana'antu ta 1833 da Dokar Masana-Manu'antu ta 1844, wasu daga cikin manyan takardun kudi na jin kai da aka zartar a majalisar bayan juyin juya halin masana'antu.

A tsakiyar karni na 19, jin kai ya kasance tsakiya ga aikin Florence Nightingale da Henry Dunant a cikin gaggawa kuma a cikin wannan yanayin ya haifar da kafa Red Cross.

The Humanitarian League (1891-1919) kungiya ce ta bayar da shawarwari ta Ingila, wacce Henry S. Salt ya kafa, wacce ta nemi ci gaba da aikin jin kai.[6]

Shawarwari daban-daban na lokuta dabam-dabam na jin kai sun wanzu, suna zana ko dai kan yanayin siyasa ko zamantakewar al'umma waɗanda ke ƙayyade ayyukan jin kai. Hanyar farko ita ce misalta ta hanyar shawarar Michael Barnett don bambance shekarun "jinin jin kai na mulkin mallaka" (karshen karni na 19 zuwa 1945), "neo-humanitarianism" (1945-1989), da "'yan adam masu sassaucin ra'ayi" (bayan-1990). Norbert Götz, Georgina Brewis, da Steffen Werther sune masu ba da shawara kan tsarin zamantakewa da al'adu, suna jayayya cewa an yi shekarun "ad hoc humanism" (har zuwa c.  1900), "tsarin jin kai" (c. 1900-1970), da "70sive humanism" 19. Suna ba da shawarar cewa a halin yanzu muna shigar da "wani sabon salo na jin kai na jin kai mai tushe a cikin shekarun bayyanawa, tare da musaya ta atomatik, kuma tare da 'firewalls' masu kauri tsakanin masu ba da gudummawa da masu karɓa." Aiki na 'ma'aikatan gida', kira na neman taimako daga mabukata da karuwar kungiyoyin agaji na cikin gida duk suna nuna kusancin dangantaka tsakanin mai bayarwa da mai karɓa.

Amsar gaggawa

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A yau, ana amfani da jin kai musamman don bayyana tunanin da koyarwar da ke bayan martani na gaggawa ga rikice-rikicen jin kai. A irin waɗannan lokuta yana jayayya game da martani na jin kai wanda ya dogara da Ka'idodin jin kai, musamman ka'idar bil'adama. Nicholas de Torrente, tsohon Babban Darakta na Likitoci Ba tare da Yankin Amurka ba ya rubuta:

Ayyukan jin kai na dijital

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A shekara ta 2005, an gabatar da tambaya game da ko ana iya ganin Wikipedia a matsayin jin kai na dijital.

Patrick Meier ya yi amfani da kalmar 'humanitarianism na dijital' don bayyana Taswirar jama'a don girgizar ƙasar Haiti ta 2010 . [7][8] A cikin shekara ta 2011, Paul Conneally ya ba da jawabin TED game da jin kai na dijital inda ya bayyana cewa "asalin jin kai yana da tushe a cikin zamanin analog" tare da "babban canji mai zuwa". [9] A cikin 2015 ya rubuta littafin Digital Humanitarians: Yadda Babban Bayani ke Canja Fuskar Amsa ta Dan Adam .

Vincent Fevrier ya lura cewa "kafofin watsa labarai na iya amfana da bangaren jin kai... ta hanyar samar da bayanai don ba da kyakkyawar wayar da kan jama'a ga kungiyoyi don tsara dabarun dabarun dabaru" kuma cewa "Taswirar rikici ya fito ne a cikin 2010 a lokacin girgizar ƙasar Haiti" tare da "software da dandamali na jin kai na dijital kamar su Standby Task Force, OpenStreetMap, da sauransu da yawa" suna aiki a lokacin bala'o'i da yawa tun daga lokacin.

Dubi kuma

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Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Barnett2011
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Finnemore2003
  3. ↑ Parmelee, Maurice (1915). "The Rise of Modern Humanitarianism". American Journal of Sociology. 21 (3): 345–359. doi:10.1086/212504. ISSN 0002-9602. JSTOR 2763875.
  4. ↑ Barnett, Michael N. (2013). "Humanitarian Governance". Annual Review of Political Science (in Turanci). 16 (1): 379–398. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-012512-083711. ISSN 1094-2939.
  5. ↑ Pictet, J. S. (3 October 2013). "The Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross: Commentary". Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  6. ↑ Weinbren, Dan (1994). "Against All Cruelty: The Humanitarian League, 1891-1919". History Workshop (38): 86–105. ISSN 0309-2984. JSTOR 4289320.
  7. ↑ "Crisis Mapping Pioneer Focuses on Humanitarian Uses For Drones". NPR.org. NPR. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  8. ↑ Meier, Patrick (2 July 2012). "How Crisis Mapping Saved Lives in Haiti". National Geographic Society (blogs). Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  9. ↑ "Digital Humanitarianism". World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
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