Taimako na tsara
 Taimako na tsara | |
|---|---|
field of study (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
consultation (en) |
| Gudanarwan |
peer support specialist (en) |
Taimako na tsara yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutane ke ba da ilimi, gogewa, motsin rai, zamantakewa ko taimako ga juna. Yawancin lokaci yana nufin wani shiri wanda ya kunshi masu goyon baya da aka horar (ko da yake ana iya bayar da shi ta hanyar takwarorinsu ba tare da horo ba), kuma yana iya ɗaukar nau'o'i da yawa kamar jagorancin tsara, sauraron tunani (yana nuna abun ciki da / ko ji), ko ba da shawara. Ana kuma amfani da tallafin tsara don komawa ga shirye-shiryen inda abokan aiki, membobin kungiyoyin taimakon kai da sauransu suka hadu, a cikin mutum ko kan layi, kamar yadda suke daidai don ba wa juna haɗi kai da tallafi a kan juna.
Tallafin tsara ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan tallafin zamantakewa saboda tushen tallafi shine takara, mutumin da yake kama da wanda ke karɓar tallafin; dangantakarsu tana ɗaya daga cikin daidaito. Wani takara yana cikin matsayi don bayar da tallafi ta hanyar gogewa mai dacewa: ya "yi can, ya yi hakan" kuma yana iya danganta da wasu waɗanda yanzu suna cikin irin wannan yanayin. Ma'aikatan tallafin abokan aiki da aka horar da su kamar ƙwararrun masu tallafawa da masu ba da shawara na abokan aiki suna samun horo na musamman kuma ana buƙatar su don samun Ci gaba da Ilimi, kamar ma'aikatan asibiti. Wasu sauran ma'aikatan tallafin da aka horar da su na iya zama ma'aikatan tilasta doka da masu kashe gobara da kuma masu ba da amsawar likitanci na gaggawa Tallafin Abokan hulɗa yana ba da tsarin kan layi na ƙwarewar rarraba, hulɗa, nesa da zamantakewa da sarrafawa, wanda zai iya inganta bayyanar matsalolin mutum (Paterson, Brewer, & Leeseberg, 2013).
Ka'idar da ke tattare da ita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An nuna goyon bayan tsara yana da tasiri a cikin amfani da kwayoyi da halayyar da ta shafi, aikin magani, da inganta halayyar haɗari da ke da alaƙa da cutar kanjamau da hepatitis C, [1] da kuma karfafa mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya da inganta ingancin rayuwarsu. [2] An yi imanin tasirinsa ya samo asali ne daga matakai daban-daban na psychosocial da Mark Salzer da abokan aiki suka fara bayyanawa a 2002: tallafin zamantakewa, ilimin kwarewa, ka'idar ilmantarwa ta zamantakewa, ka'idodin kwatanta zamantakewa, ƙa'idar mataimakin magani, da Ka'idar ƙaddamar da kai. [3][4]
- Tallafin zamantakewa shine kasancewar kyakkyawar hulɗar zamantakewa tare da wasu waɗanda ke da amincewa da damuwa.[5] Dangantaka masu kyau suna ba da gudummawa ga daidaitawa mai kyau da kuma hanawa daga masu damuwa da matsaloli ta hanyar bayar da (a) goyon bayan motsin rai (daraja, haɗewa, da sake tabbatarwa), [6] (b) goyon bayan kayan aiki (kayayyaki da ayyuka), (c) abokantaka [2] da (d) goyon bayan bayanai (sha'aziyya, jagora, da ra'ayoyi). [7][8][9]
- Ilimi na gogewa shine bayanai na musamman da ra'ayoyin da mutane ke samu daga rayuwa ta hanyar wani gogewa kamar cin zarafin miyagun ƙwayoyi, nakasa ta jiki, rashin lafiya na jiki ko na hankali, ko wani abu mai ban tsoro kamar yaƙi, bala'i na halitta, tashin hankali na gida ko aikata laifuka, cin zarafin jima'i, ko ɗaurin kurkuku. Ilimin gogewa yana da mahimmanci kuma yana da amfani kuma lokacin da aka raba yana ba da gudummawa ga warware matsaloli da inganta ingancin rayuwa. [10]
- Ka'idar ilmantarwa ta zamantakewa ta nuna cewa takwarorinsu, saboda sun sha wahala kuma sun tsira daga abubuwan da suka dace, sun fi dacewa da wasu. Ma'amala tare da takwarorinsu waɗanda ke cin nasarar jimrewa da abubuwan da suka faru ko rashin lafiya suna iya haifar da canjin halayyar kirki.[11]
- Kwatanta zamantakewa yana nufin cewa mutane sun fi jin daɗin hulɗa tare da wasu waɗanda ke da halaye iri ɗaya tare da kansu, kamar Rashin lafiya na hankali, don kafa ma'anar al'ada. Ta hanyar hulɗa tare da wasu waɗanda aka ɗauka sun fi su kyau, ana ba wa takwarorinsu kyakkyawan fata da wani abu da za su yi ƙoƙari.[12]
- Ka'idar mai ba da taimako ta ba da shawarar cewa akwai fa'idodi huɗu masu mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke ba da tallafin tsara: (a) karuwar ƙwarewar hulɗa ta mutum saboda yin tasiri ga rayuwar wani; (b) ci gaban ma'anar daidaito a ba da kanta da wasu; (c) mai ba da sabon ilimin da ya shafi kansa yayin taimakawa; kuma (d) mai taimako yana karɓar amincewar jama'a daga mutumin da suke taimaka, da sauransu.[13]
- Ƙaddamar da kai yana nufin cewa mutane suna da 'yancin ƙayyade makomarsu - mutane suna iya yin aiki akan nasu yanke shawara maimakon yanke shawara da wasu suka yi musu.[14]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Tracy, Kathlene; Wallace, Samantha (2016). "Benefits of peer support groups in the treatment of addiction". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 7: 143–154. doi:10.2147/SAR.S81535. PMC 5047716. PMID 27729825.
- ↑ Bellamy, Chyrell; Schmutte, Timothy; Davidson, Larry (2017). "An update on the growing evidence base for peer support". Mental Health and Social Inclusion. 21 (3): 161–167. doi:10.1108/MHSI-03-2017-0014.
- ↑ Salzer, Mark (2002). "Consumer-Delivered Services as a Best Practice in Mental Health Care and the Development of Practice Guidelines". Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills. 6: 355–382. doi:10.1080/10973430208408443. S2CID 5163131..
- ↑ Mead, S.; MacNeil, C (2006). "Peer Support: What Makes It Unique?". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 10 (2): 29–37. Archived from the original on 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ↑ Sarason, I.; Levine, H.; Basham, R.; Sarason, B. (1983). "Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 44: 127–139. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.127.
- ↑ Flannery Jr, Raymond B. (1990). "Social support and psychological trauma: A methodological review". Journal of Traumatic Stress. 3 (4): 593–611. doi:10.1002/jts.2490030409. S2CID 143847107.
- ↑ Young, K.W. (2006). "Social Support and Life Satisfaction". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 10 (2): 155–164. Archived from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ↑ Thoits, P (1986). "Social support as coping assistance". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 54 (4): 416–423. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.54.4.416. PMID 3745593.
- ↑ Solomon, Phyllis (2004). "Peer Support/Peer Provided Services Underlying Processes, Benefits, and Critical Ingredients" (PDF). Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 27 (4): 392–401. doi:10.2975/27.2004.392.401. PMID 15222150. S2CID 33135053. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
- ↑ Coyne, J. C.; De Longis, A. (1986). "Going beyond social support: The role of social relationships in adaptation". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 54 (4): 454–460. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.54.4.454. PMID 3745597.
- ↑ Salzer, M.; Shear, S. L. (2002). "Identifying consumer-provider benefits in evaluations of consumer-delivered services". Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 25 (3): 281–288. doi:10.1037/h0095014. PMID 11860001.
- ↑ Festinger, L (1954). "A theory of social comparison processes". Human Relations. 7 (2): 117–140. doi:10.1177/001872675400700202. S2CID 18918768.
- ↑ Skovholt, T M (1974). "The client as helper: A means to promote psychological growth". Counseling Psychologist. 43 (3): 58–64. doi:10.1177/001100007400400308. S2CID 144302615.
- ↑ Deci, EL; Ryan, RM (1985). "The general causality orientations scale: Self-determination in personality". Journal of Research in Personality. 19 (2): 109–134. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(85)90023-6.