Takaitaccen kisa
 Takaitaccen kisa | |
|---|---|
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
kisan kai da manner of death (en)  |
A cikin shari'ar farar hula da soja, kisan gilla shine kashe mutumin da ake zargi da aikata laifi ba tare da amfanin shari'a ta kyauta ba. Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga ra'ayin shari'a na taƙaitaccen adalci don azabtar da laifi na taƙaira, kamar yadda yake a cikin kotun soja, amma kalmar yawanci tana nuna taƙaitacciyar hukuncin kisa. A karkashin dokar kasa da kasa, an bayyana shi a matsayin ƙin mai gwagwarmaya ya yarda da mika wuya ta doka ta abokin hamayyarsa da kuma tanadin mai gwagwan ba tare da kwata ba, ta hanyar kashe abokan hamayyar da suka mika wuya.
'yan sanda, Sojoji, da kungiyoyin sojoji sun yi taƙaitaccen kisa kuma galibi soja da alaƙa da Yaƙin 'yan tawaye, yaki da ta'addanci, ta'addance, da duk wani yanayi wanda ya haɗa da rushewar hanyoyin al'ada don kula da fursunoni, farar hula ko sojoji.
Ikon soja
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Fursunonin yaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manyan yarjejeniyoyi irin su Yarjejeniyar Geneva da Yarjejeniyar Hague, da kuma dokar al'ada ta kasa da kasa suna kare haƙƙin sojojin abokan gaba da fararen hula da aka kama na yau da kullun ko na yau da kullum. Dole ne a bi da Fursunonin yaƙi (POWs) a cikin hanyoyin da aka bayyana a hankali wanda ya haramta kisan gilla, kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Ƙarin Na Biyu ta Yarjejeniyar Geneva (1977) ta bayyana:
No sentence shall be passed and no penalty shall be executed on a person found guilty of an offence except pursuant to a conviction pronounced by a court offering the essential guarantees of independence and impartiality.
— Second Protocol of the Geneva Conventions (1977), Article 6.2
Ban da matsayin fursunoni na yaki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Koyaya, wasu nau'o'in mayaƙa bazai ba su matsayin POW ba, amma wannan ma'anar ta fadada don rufe ƙarin nau'o-nau'in mayaka a tsawon lokaci. A baya, an yi taƙaitaccen kisan kiyashi na 'yan fashi,' 'yan leƙen asiri, da' yan yan yanci kuma an dauke su doka a ƙarƙashin dokar kasa da kasa. Francs-tireurs (kalma da ta samo asali a cikin Yaƙin Franco-Prussian) fararen hula ne ko 'Yan bindiga waɗanda ke ci gaba da yin yaƙi a yankin da wata ƙungiya mai yaƙi ta mamaye kuma ba sa sa tufafin soja, kuma in ba haka ba ana iya saninsu da' yan tawaye, 'Yan tawaye, da sauransu. Ko da yake yawancin sojoji na iya ɗaure su ko kashe su a cikin karni daya da suka gabata, kwarewar Yaƙin Duniya na biyu ta rinjayi ƙasashen da sojojin kasashen waje suka mamaye su canza doka don kare wannan rukuni. Yawancin masu cin nasara bayan yakin, kamar Faransa, Poland, da USSR, suna da kwarewar mayakan adawa da Axis ke kashe su idan an kama su. Yaƙin ya kuma rinjayi su don tabbatar da cewa kwamandoji da sauran dakarun musamman waɗanda aka kama a bayan layin abokan gaba za a kare su a matsayin POWs, maimakon a kashe su kamar yadda Hitler ya ba da umarni ta hanyar 1942 Commando Order.
Adolf Hitler ne ya ba da umarnin Commando a ranar 18 ga Oktoba, 1942, yana mai bayyana cewa duk rundunonin Allied da sojojin Jamus suka haɗu da su a Turai da Afirka ya kamata a kashe su nan da nan ba tare da shari'a ba, koda a cikin tufafi masu kyau ko kuma idan sun yi ƙoƙari su mika wuya. Duk wani kwamandoji ko ƙaramin rukuni na kwamandoji Ko irin wannan rukunin, jami'ai da masu saboteurs ba a cikin tufafi masu kyau waɗanda suka fada hannun sojojin Jamus ta wasu hanyoyi ban da yaƙi kai tsaye (ta hanyar 'yan sanda a yankunan da aka mamaye, alal misali) za a ba da su nan da nan ga Sicherheitsdienst (Sashin Tsaro). Umurnin, wanda aka bayar a asirce, ya bayyana a fili cewa rashin aiwatar da irin waɗannan umarni ta kowane kwamandan ko jami'in zai zama aikin sakaci wanda za'a iya hukunta shi a ƙarƙashin dokar soja ta Jamus. Wannan shi ne a zahiri na biyu "Commando Order", na farko da Janarfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt ya bayar a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1942, yana mai cewa ya kamata a ba da parachutists ga Gestapo. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, a Nuremberg Trials, an gano Commando Order a matsayin karya doka ta yaki kai tsaye, kuma jami'an Jamus da suka aiwatar da kisan kai ba bisa ka'ida ba a ƙarƙashin Commando Order an same su da laifin Laifukan yaki.[1]
A karkashin dokar soja
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin manufofin jihar, ana iya ayyana dokar soja a cikin gaggawa kamar mamayewa ko tayar da kayar baya, kuma a irin wannan yanayin za a dakatar da haƙƙin da aka kare ta hanyar kundin tsarin mulki. Dangane da fassarar jihar game da dokar soja, wannan na iya ba da damar 'yan sanda ko sojoji su yanke shawara da aiwatar da azabtarwa wanda ya haɗa da mutuwa a kan 'yan ƙasa, don dawo da ikon doka ko don wasu muhimman dalilai.
Wannan ba zai haɗa da kashe wanda ake zargi wanda ke jefa rayuwar wani cikin haɗari kai tsaye ba, wanda koyaushe doka ce ga 'yan sanda, amma kashe wanda ake zargin a ƙarƙashin ikon mutum a matsayin horo. Tabbatar da cewa taƙaitaccen kisa da ya fadi a ƙarƙashin bambancin doka zai zama da wahala sosai, kamar yadda mutum zai nuna dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatar hukunci da hukuncin kisa a wurin. Saboda haka, irin waɗannan ayyukan na musamman kusan koyaushe ana ganinsu a matsayin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Kamawa da tsare-tsare
- Kashe-kashen da 'yan sanda suka yi
- Hukuncin da ba a yi shari'a ba
- Kashewa ba tare da shari'a ba
- Rashin da aka tilasta
- Dalilin kisan kare dangi
- Lasisi don kashewa (ra'ayi)
- Kashewa
- Adalci na fansa
- Hakkin yin shari'a mai kyau
- Mai tsaro
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Trafficking in Persons Report 2010 Country Narratives - Countries G Through M". US Department of State. 2010-06-18. Archived from the original on 2010-06-18. Retrieved 2023-02-16. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.