Talauci na makamashi
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economic concept (en) | |
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| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Talauci |
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social policy (en) |
A cikin Kasashe masu tasowa da wasu yankuna na kasashe masu ci gaba, talauci na makamashi shine rashin samun damar sabis na makamashe na zamani a gida.[1] A cikin 2022, mutane miliyan 759 ba su da damar samun wutar lantarki kuma mutane biliyan 2.6 sun yi amfani da tsarin dafa abinci mai haɗari da rashin inganci.[2] Rashin lafiyarsu yana da mummunar tasiri ta hanyar amfani da makamashi kaɗan, amfani da datti ko gurɓataccen man fetur, da kuma yawan lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi don tattara man fetur don biyan bukatun asali.
Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa don auna yanayin rikitarwa na talauci na makamashi sun haɗa da Ƙididdigar Ci gaban Makamashi (EDI), Ƙididdigaren Talauci na Makamashi na Multidimensional (MEPI), da Ƙididdiga ta Talauci na makamai (EPI). Ana buƙatar ma'auni na binary da na multidimensional na talauci na makamashi don kafa alamomi waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa tsarin auna da bin diddigin talauci na Makamashi a duniya.[3] Talauci na makamashi sau da yawa yana kara tsananta matsalolin da ke tsakanin al'ummomin da ba su da wadata kuma yana da mummunar tasiri ga lafiyar jama'a da na gida, ilimi, da kuma damar mata.
A cewar shirin Energy Poverty Action na Taron Tattalin Arziki na Duniya, " Samun makamashi yana da mahimmanci don inganta ingancin rayuwa kuma yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban tattalin arziki. " [4] A sakamakon wannan halin, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta ƙaddamar da Sustainable Energy for All Initiative kuma ta sanya 2012 a matsayin Shekarar Duniya don Sustainable Energy ga Dukan, wanda ke da babban mayar da hankali kan rage talaucin makamashi.
Ana amfani da kalmar talauci na makamashi a wasu lokuta a cikin mahallin ƙasashe masu tasowa don nufin rashin iya samun makamashi cikin gida. Wannan ra'ayi kuma an san shi da talauci na man fetur, Rashin tsaro na makamashi na gida ko wahalar makamashi.[1][5]
Bayyanawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Mutane da yawa a Kasashe masu tasowa ba su da kayan aikin makamashi na zamani. Sun dogara sosai da kayan gargajiya na gargajiya kamar man fetur, gawayi, raguwar amfanin gona, da kuma katako. Kodayake wasu kasashe masu tasowa kamar BRICS sun kusanci matakin fasaha mai alaƙa da makamashi na kasashe masu ci gaba kuma suna da ikon kuɗi, yawancin kasashe masu bunkasa har yanzu suna mamaye kayan gargajiya na gargajiya. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya, "amfani da kayan gargajiya na gargajiya zai ragu a kasashe da yawa, amma mai yiwuwa zai karu a Kudancin Asiya da Afirka ta kudu da Sahara tare da karuwar yawan jama'a. "

Matakala ta makamashi tana nuna ingantaccen amfani da makamashi wanda ya dace da karuwar kudin shiga na gida. Ainihin, yayin da samun kudin shiga ke ƙaruwa, nau'ikan makamashi da gidaje ke amfani da su za su kasance masu tsabta da inganci amma sun fi tsada yayin da suke motsawa daga biomass na gargajiya zuwa wutar lantarki. "Midajen da ke ƙananan matakan samun kudin shiga da ci gaba suna kasancewa a kasan matakan makamashi, ta amfani da man fetur wanda yake da arha kuma yana samuwa a cikin gida amma ba mai tsabta ba ko kuma mai inganci. A cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, sama da mutane biliyan uku a duk duniya suna cikin waɗannan ƙananan matakan, dangane da man fetura - sharar amfanin gona, turɓaya, itace, ganye, da sauransu - da kwal don biyan bukatun su. A cikin Asiya da Afirka: Duk da haka, Bankin yana da kashi 95% na duniya suna amfani da waɗannan man fetur, kashi 8 cikin 100 zuwa gaba, nan gaba.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Bouzarovski, Stefan; Petrova, Saska (2015-11-01). "A global perspective on domestic energy deprivation: Overcoming the energy poverty–fuel poverty binary". Energy Research & Social Science. 10: 31–40. Bibcode:2015ERSS...10...31B. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2015.06.007. ISSN 2214-6296. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Bouzarovski-2015" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Goal 7 | Department of Economic and Social Affairs". sdgs.un.org. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ Pelz, Setu; Pachauri, Shonali; Groh, Sebastian (2018). "A critical review of modern approaches for multidimensional energy poverty measurement". WIREs Energy and Environment (in Turanci). 7 (6). Bibcode:2018WIREE...7E.304P. doi:10.1002/wene.304. ISSN 2041-8396.
- ↑ "Access2017". Archived from the original on 2019-08-01. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ↑ Li, A; Toll, M; Bentley, R (2024). "The risk of energy hardship increases with extreme heat and cold in Australia". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (5): 595. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..595L. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01729-5.