Tallace-tallace na noma
 Tallace-tallace na noma | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Kasuwanci |
| Fuskar | agribusiness (en)  |
| Tallace-tallace na noma | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Kasuwanci |
| Fuskar | agribusiness (en) |
tallace-tallace na noma yana rufe ayyukan da ke tattare da motsi na kayan aikin gona daga gona zuwa mabukaci. Wadannan ayyuka sun haɗa da tsarawa, tsarawa, jagorantarwa da sarrafa kayan aikin gona ta hanyar gamsar da manoma, matsakaici da masu amfani. Ayyuka masu yawa da ke da alaƙa da juna suna da hannu wajen yin wannan, kamar tsara samarwa, girma da girbi, ƙaddamarwa, shirya da marufi, sufuri, ajiya, sarrafa kayan aiki da abinci, samar da Bayanan kasuwa, rarraba, talla da siyarwa. Tabbas, kalmar ta ƙunshi dukkan ayyukan samar da kayayyaki don kayayyakin noma, ko an gudanar da su ta hanyar tallace-tallace na wucin gadi ko ta hanyar sarkar da aka haɗa, kamar wanda ya shafi aikin gona na kwangila.
Ci gaban da tallace tallace noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kokarin bunkasa tallan noma, musamman a kasashe masu tasowa, an yi niyyar mayar da hankali kan yankuna da yawa, musamman ci gaban ababen more rayuwa; samar da bayanai; horar da manoma da 'yan kasuwa a cikin tallace-tallace da batutuwan bayan girbi; da kuma tallafawa ci gaban yanayin manufofi mai dacewa. A baya, an yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka ƙungiyoyin tallace-tallace na gwamnati amma waɗannan sun zama marasa shahara a cikin shekaru.
Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kyakkyawan kayan aikin tallace-tallace kamar su manyan kaya, tallace-tafiye da kasuwanni na taro da wuraren ajiya suna da mahimmanci don tallan da ya dace, don rage asarar bayan girbi da rage haɗarin kiwon lafiya. Kasuwanci suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban karkara, samar da kudin shiga, tsaron abinci, da haɓaka alaƙar kasuwar karkara. Kwarewar ta nuna cewa masu tsarawa suna buƙatar sanin yadda za su tsara kasuwanni waɗanda suka cika bukatun zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na al'umma da kuma yadda za su zaɓi shafin da ya dace don sabon kasuwa. A lokuta mai yawa ana zaɓar shafuka waɗanda ba su dace ba kuma suna haifar da rashin amfani ko ma babu amfani da ababen more rayuwa da aka gina. Har ila yau, bai isa ba kawai don gina kasuwa: ana buƙatar kula da yadda za a gudanar da wannan kasuwar, sarrafawa da kiyayewa.[1][2]
Kasuwannin tarurruka na ƙauyuka suna cikin yankunan samarwa kuma da farko suna aiki a matsayin wuraren da manoma za su iya saduwa da 'yan kasuwa don sayar da samfuran su. Wadannan na iya zama kasuwannin lokaci-lokaci (watakila mako-mako), kamar kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Indiya da Nepal, ko na dindindin.[3] Kasuwannin sayar da kayayyaki na ƙarshe suna cikin manyan birane, inda ake tura kayan aiki ga masu amfani ta hanyar Kasuwanci tsakanin masu sayar da kayayyakin kayayyaki da masu siyarwa, masu ba da abinci, da sauransu.[4] Halayen kasuwannin kaya sun canza sosai yayin da sauye-sauyen siyarwa don mayar da martani ga ci gaban birane, karuwar rawar da manyan kantuna ke takawa da karuwar damar kashe kuɗin mabukaci. Wadannan canje-canje na iya buƙatar martani ta hanyar da aka tsara da kuma sarrafa kasuwannin gargajiya.[5]
Tsarin tallace-tallace a kasashen yammacin ya samo asali ne daga kasuwannin tituna na gargajiya har zuwa babban kantin sayar da kayayyaki na zamani ko cibiyar cin kasuwa ta waje. A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, har yanzu akwai damar inganta tallan noma ta hanyar gina sabbin kasuwanni, duk da ci gaban manyan kantuna, kodayake birane galibi suna kallon kasuwanni da farko a matsayin tushen kudaden shiga maimakon ababen more rayuwa da ke buƙatar ci gaba. Kyakkyawan tsari na kasuwanni yana da mahimmanci. A cikin kasuwa, dole ne a aiwatar da ka'idojin tsabta da ayyukan tattara kudaden shiga. Muhimmancin daidai, duk da haka, shine kiyaye tsari a waje da kasuwa. 'Yan kasuwa masu lasisi a kasuwa ba za su kasance a shirye su ba da hadin kai wajen haɓaka ƙa'idodi idan sun fuskanci gasa daga masu aiki marasa lasisi a waje waɗanda ba su biya ko ɗaya daga cikin kuɗin da ke cikin samar da sabis mai kyau ba.[6]
Bayanan kasuwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Za'a iya nuna ingantaccen bayanin kasuwa yana da fa'idodi masu kyau ga manoma da 'yan kasuwa. Bayani na zamani game da farashi da sauran abubuwan kasuwa yana bawa manoma damar yin shawarwari tare da 'yan kasuwa kuma yana sauƙaƙa rarraba kayayyaki daga yankunan karkara zuwa garuruwa da tsakanin kasuwanni.[7] Yawancin gwamnatoci a kasashe masu tasowa sun yi ƙoƙari su samar da sabis na bayanai na kasuwa ga manoma, amma waɗannan sun kasance suna fuskantar matsalolin dorewa. Bugu da ƙari, koda lokacin da suke aiki, sabis ɗin da aka bayar sau da yawa bai isa ba da izinin yanke shawara na kasuwanci ba saboda jinkirin lokaci tsakanin tattara bayanai da rarraba.[8] Fasahar sadarwa ta zamani ta buɗe yiwuwar sabis na bayanai na kasuwa don inganta isar da bayanai ta hanyar SMS akan wayoyin salula da saurin ci gaban tashoshin rediyo na FM a kasashe masu tasowa da yawa yana ba da yiwuwar ƙarin sabis na bayanai. A cikin dogon lokaci, intanet na iya zama hanya mai tasiri don isar da bayanai ga manoma. Koyaya, matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da farashi da daidaito na tattara bayanai har yanzu ana magance su. Ko da lokacin da suke da damar samun bayanai na kasuwa, manoma galibi suna buƙatar taimako wajen fassara wannan bayanin. Misali, farashin kasuwa da aka ambata a rediyo na iya nufin farashin siyarwa kuma manoma na iya samun matsala wajen fassara wannan zuwa farashi na ainihi a kasuwar taron su.[9] An yi ƙoƙari daban-daban a kasashe masu tasowa don gabatar da sabis na Bayanan kasuwa kasuwanci amma waɗannan galibi an yi niyya ne ga 'yan kasuwa, manoma na kasuwanci ko masu fitarwa. Ba abu ne mai sauƙi a ga yadda ƙananan manoma matalauta zasu iya samar da isasshen kudin shiga don sabis na kasuwanci ya zama mai fa'ida kodayake a Indiya sabis ɗin da Thomson Reuters ya gabatar an ruwaito cewa sama da manoma 100,000 ne suka yi amfani da shi a shekarar farko ta aiki. Esoko a Yammacin Afirka tana ƙoƙari ta tallafa wa farashin irin waɗannan ayyukan ga manoma ta hanyar cajin damar samun damar yin amfani da kayan aikin hannu na hannu ga kasuwanci.[10]
Horar da tallace-tallace
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Manoma galibi suna la'akari da tallace-tallace a matsayin babban matsalar su. Koyaya, yayin da suke iya gano irin waɗannan matsalolin kamar farashi mara kyau, rashin sufuri da asarar bayan girbi, galibi ba su da kayan aiki don gano mafita. Tallace-tallace masu nasara suna buƙatar koyon sabbin ƙwarewa, sabbin dabaru da sabbin hanyoyin samun bayanai. Jami'an fadadawa da ke aiki tare da ma'aikatun noma ko kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu galibi suna da horo sosai a cikin dabarun samar da noma amma yawanci ba su da ilimin tallace-tallace ko sarrafawa bayan girbi.[11]
Yanayi mai ba da damar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana buƙatar gudanar da tallan noma a cikin manufofin tallafi, doka, ma'aikata, macro- tattalin arziki, ababen more rayuwa da yanayin bureaucratic. 'Yan kasuwa da sauransu gabaɗaya ba sa son saka hannun jari a cikin yanayin da ba a tabbatar da manufofi ba, kamar waɗanda ke ƙuntata shigo da fitarwa ko motsi na cikin gida. Kasuwanci suna da wahalar aiki lokacin da ayyukan kasuwancin su suka sami cikas ta hanyar wuce gona da iri. Dokar da ba ta dace ba na iya karkatar da rage ingancin kasuwa, ƙara farashin yin kasuwanci da jinkirta ci gaban kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu gasa. Cibiyoyin tallafi marasa kyau, kamar ayyukan fadada aikin gona, kananan hukumomin da ke gudanar da kasuwanni ba su da inganci kuma ba su da isasshen hukumomin inganta fitarwa, na iya zama masu lalacewa musamman. Hanyoyi marasa kyau suna kara farashin yin kasuwanci, rage biyan kuɗi ga manoma da haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani. A ƙarshe, cin hanci da rashawa na iya ƙara farashin ma'amala da waɗanda ke cikin sarkar talla ke fuskanta.
Taimako na tallace-tallace na noma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin gwamnatoci a wasu matakai sun yi ƙoƙari don inganta inganta tallan noma. A cikin Amurka Hukumar Tallace-tallace ta Aikin Gona (AMS) wani bangare ne na USDA kuma yana da shirye-shiryen da ke ba da gwaji, tallafawa daidaituwa da grading da kuma ba da sabis na labarai na kasuwa. AMS tana kula da yarjejeniyar tallace-tallace kuma tana ba da umarnin bincike da shirye-shiryen gabatarwa. Hakanan yana sayen kayayyaki don shirye-shiryen abinci na tarayya. USDA kuma tana ba da tallafi ga aikin tallan noma a jami'o'i daban-daban. A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, an ba da tallafi don tallata wasu kayayyaki kafin da kuma bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ta allon kamar Kwamitin Tallace-tallace na Milk da Kwamitin Tsalace-tsala. An rufe waɗannan allon a cikin shekarun 1970s. A matsayin ikon mulkin mallaka, Burtaniya ta kafa allon talla a kasashe da yawa, musamman a Afirka. Wasu suna ci gaba da wanzuwa kodayake an rufe da yawa a lokacin gabatar da matakan gyaran tsari a cikin shekarun 1990.
Kasashe masu tasowa da yawa sun kafa tallace-tallace na tallace-kallace ko kamfanonin noma da gwamnati ke tallafawa. Afirka ta Kudu, alal misali, ta fara Majalisar Kasuwancin Aikin Gona ta Kasa (NAMC), [12] a matsayin martani ga sake sarrafa masana'antar noma da rufe allon talla a kasar. Indiya tana da Cibiyar Kasuwancin Noma ta Kasa da aka kafa tun da daɗewa. Wadannan sune kungiyoyin bincike da manufofi, amma wasu hukumomi suna ba da sabis na sauƙaƙe don tashoshin talla, kamar samar da ababen more rayuwa, bayanan kasuwa da tallafin takardu. Misalan daga Caribbean sun haɗa da Kamfanin Ci gaban Kasuwancin Aikin Gona na Kasa, a Trinidad da Tobago da Kamfanin Kasuwancin New Guyana a Guyana. [13]
Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sabbin hanyoyin kasuwanci tsakanin kasuwancin gona, manyan 'yan kasuwa da manoma suna ci gaba a hankali, misali ta hanyar aikin gona na kwangila, tallan rukuni da sauran nau'ikan aiki tare.[14] Masu ba da gudummawa da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin inganta alaƙar kai tsaye tsakanin manoma da masu siye a cikin yanayin sarkar darajar.[15] Yanzu ana ba da ƙarin hankali ga ci gaban kasuwannin yanki (misali Gabashin Afirka) da kuma tsarin kasuwanci da ya kamata ya sauƙaƙe irin wannan ci gaba.[16] Ci gaban manyan kantuna, musamman a Latin Amurka da Gabas da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, yana da tasiri sosai a kan tashoshin talla don kayan lambu, madara da kayan dabbobi. Duk da haka, kasuwannin "rashin" za su ci gaba da kasancewa da mahimmanci na shekaru da yawa, suna buƙatar kulawa ga ingantaccen ababen more rayuwa kamar su tallace-tallace da kasuwannin kaya.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tsarin darajar noma
- Kasuwancin abinci
- Kasuwancin abinci
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Tracey-White, John (2003). "Planning and Designing Rural Markets". Food And Agrilculture Organization Of The United Nations. Archived from the original on 2019-04-26. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
- ↑ Marocchino, Cecilia (2009). "A guide to upgrading rural agricultural retail markets" (PDF). Food And Agrilculture Organization Of The United Nations.
- ↑ Tracey-White, John (2003). "Planning and Designing Rural Markets". Food And Agrilculture Organization Of The United Nations. Archived from the original on 2019-04-26. Retrieved 2018-10-13.
- ↑ Tracey-White John. "Wholesale markets: Planning and Design Manual". FAO. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ Reardon T.; Timmer P.; Berdegue J. "The Rapid Rise of Supermarkets in Developing Countries: Induced Organizational, Institutional, and Technological Change in Agrifood Systems" (PDF). electronic Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ Tracey-White, J (1995). "Retail markets planning guide". FAO, Rome.
- ↑ Goyal, Aparajita (July 2010). "Information, Direct Access to Farmers, and Rural Market Performance in Central India".
- ↑ Shepherd, Andrew W (1997). "Market information services – Theory and Practice" (PDF). FAO, Rome.
- ↑ Shepherd, Andrew W (2000). "Understanding and Using Market Information" (PDF). FAO, Rome.
- ↑ Shepherd, Andrew. "LESSONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY Failing to scale: ICT4Ag-enabled services" (PDF). CTA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
- ↑ Dixie, Grahame (2007). "Horticultural Marketing, Marketing Extension Guide 5" (PDF). FAO, Rome. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2025-10-22.
- ↑ "National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC)".
- ↑ "New Guyana Marketing Corporation".
- ↑ Helen Markelova and Ruth Meinzen-Dick "Collective action and market access for smallholders: A summary of findings" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-16. Retrieved 2009-01-15. CAPRi/IFPRI 2007
- ↑ Shepherd, Andrew W (2007). "Approaches to linking producers to markets" (PDF). FAO, Rome.
- ↑ CTA and EAGC. "Structured grain trading systems in Africa" (PDF). CTA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 October 2014. Retrieved 27 February 2014.