Tanais
 Tanais | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
archaeological site (en)  , ancient city (en) da protected area of Russia (en) | ||||
 | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Farawa | 3 century "BCE" | |||
| Suna a harshen gida | Τάναϊς | |||
| Ƙasa |
Rasha da Bosporan Kingdom (en) | |||
| Located in the present-day administrative territorial entity (en) |
Rostov Oblast (en) | |||
| Dissolved, abolished or demolished (en) | 5 century | |||
| Appears in the heritage monument list (en) |
Q27603477 | |||
| Heritage designation (en) |
Tentative World Heritage Site (en) da federal cultural heritage site in Russia (en) | |||
| Shafin yanar gizo | museum-tanais.ru | |||
| Directions (en) | правый берег р. Мертвый Донец | |||
| World Heritage criteria (en) |
(ii) (en) , (iii) (en) da (v) (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
| Ƴantacciyar ƙasa | Rasha | |||
| Oblast of Russia (en) | Rostov Oblast (en) | |||
| Municipal district (en) | Myasnikovsky District (en) | |||
| Rural settlement in Russia (en) | Q4316029 | |||
| Khutor (en) | Nedvigovka (en) | |||
Tannais (Girkanci: Tánaïs; Rasha: Танаис) birni ne na tsohuwar Girka a cikin Kogin Don, wanda ake kira Maeotian marshes a zamanin d ̄ a. Ya kasance bishopric a matsayin Tana kuma ya kasance mai suna Latin Katolika a matsayin Tanais .
Wurin da yake
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Delta ya kai arewa maso gabashin Tekun Azov, wanda Tsohon Helenawa suka kira Lake Maeotis. Shafin tsohon Tanais yana da nisan kilomita 30 a yammacin Rostov-on-Don na zamani. Gidan tsakiyar gari yana kan tudu tare da bambanci har zuwa 20 m a tsawo a kudu. Yana da iyaka da kwarin halitta a gabas, da kuma rami na wucin gadi a yamma.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].svg)
An mamaye shafin Tanais tun kafin Milesians suka kafa wani Emporium a can. Wani necropolis na fiye da 300 kurgans na binnewa kusa da tsohon birni ya nuna cewa an riga an mamaye shafin tun zamanin Bronze, kuma cewa kurgan binne ya ci gaba ta hanyar Girka da Zamanin Romawa.
'Yan kasuwa na Girka da alama sun haɗu da makiyaya a cikin gundumar tun farkon karni na 7 BC ba tare da tsari ba, dindindin. Manyan yankuna na Girka suna da nau'ikan asali guda biyu, apoikiai na 'yan ƙasa daga uwa-jiha, da Emporia, waɗanda ke da tsananin tashoshin kasuwanci. An kafa shi a ƙarshen ƙarni na 3 BC, ta hanyar masu ba da labari daga Miletus, Tanais da sauri ya zama Emporium a mafi nisa arewa maso gabashin yankin al'adun Hellenic. Yana da matsayi na halitta, na farko don cinikin tsaunuka da ke kaiwa gabas a cikin teku mai ciyawa ba tare da katsewa ba zuwa Altai, Ƙasar Mai Tsarki ta Scythian, ta biyu don cinikin Tekun Baƙi, da kewaye da tashar jiragen ruwa da wuraren ajiya da Girka, kuma ta uku don cinikayya daga arewa da ba za a iya shiga ba, tare da fata da bayi da aka kawo saukar da Don. Strabo ya ambaci Tanais a cikin Geography (11.2.2).
Shafin birnin, wanda wani Archon ke mulki, ya kasance a gefen gabashin yankin sarakunan Bosporus. Babban canji a cikin jaddada zamantakewa yana wakiltar a cikin shafin binciken archaeological lokacin da aka cire ƙofar propylaea da ke haɗa ɓangaren tashar jiragen ruwa da agora, kuma cibiyar bude rayuwar jama'a ta mamaye gidan sarauta a zamanin Roman ga sarakunan Bosporus. A karo na farko akwai sarakunan abokan ciniki a Tanais: Sauromates (AD 175-211) da ɗansa Rescuporides (c. AD 220), waɗanda dukansu sun bar rubutun jama'a.
A cikin AD 330, Goths sun lalata Tanais, amma shafin ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa rabi na biyu na karni na 5 AD. Da yawa, tashar ta yi shiru, mai yiwuwa sakamakon sare daji, kuma cibiyar rayuwa mai aiki ta sauya, watakila zuwa ƙaramin garin Azov, rabin hanyar zuwa Rostov.
An sake kafa birnin a cikin karni na 14 ta Venetians. Daga baya Jamhuriyar Genoa ta samo shi, wanda ya gudanar da shi 1332-1471 a matsayin Tana nel Mare Maggiore, kasancewar muhimmiyar wuri ce don kasuwanci tare da Golden Horde, kamar duk yankunansu na Black Sea da Genoese Consul ke sarrafawa a Kaffa. Ya sake lalacewa bayan 1368. A shekara ta 1392, Timur ya ci nasara.
Cin nasarar da Mongols suka yi a Asiya ta Tsakiya ya buɗe Tekun Baƙi a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci don kayayyaki daga China, Farisa, da sassa na Rasha.[1] Venetians sun zauna a Soldaïa da Trebizond, amma nan da nan suka mayar da hankali ga Tana, wanda ya fi dacewa da hanyoyin kasuwanci na ƙasa da ruwa.[1] Daga baya za su zauna a Maurocastro.[1] Tana ita ce hanyar haɗi don hanyoyin kasuwanci na Danube, Poland da Farisa, da kuma hanyar da ta fara a Astrakhan wanda ya kai ga China.[2][1] Giosafat Barbaro ya ambaci yadda jiragen kasuwanci shida ko bakwai suka zo daga Venice a kowace shekara don siliki da kayan yaji daga Astakhan da sauran kayayyaki.[1] Ya kuma bayyana jigilar shanu 40,000 na shekara-shekara zuwa Asiya ta Tsakiya da kuma motoci tare da dabbobi 6000 da suka tafi Indiya.[1] Daga cikin kayayyakin da aka sayar a Tana sun kasance caviar, kifi mai gishiri, ruwan inabi, amber, gishiri, hatsi, gashi, dawakai, da bayi, da kuma kayan yaji da siliki. [1][3]