Tandava
 Tandava | |
|---|---|
type of dance (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | rawa |
| Nada jerin |
Shiva Thandavas (en) da list of Shiva thandavas and karanas (en) |
Tandavam (wanda kuma aka rubuta da Tāṇḍava ), wanda kuma aka sani da Tāṇḍava Natyam, rawa ce ta allahntaka da allahn Hindu Shiva ya yi. [1] [2] [3] [4] An nuna Shiva yana rawa da Tandava a cikin siffarsa ta Nataraja . [5]
Natya Shastra, wani littafi na Sanskrit game da wasannin kwaikwayo, ya bayyana fannoni daban-daban na Tandava.
Bayani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tandava, kamar yadda aka yi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na rawa mai tsarki na Indiya, yana da motsi mai ƙarfi da sauri. Ana kiran rawar da Ananda Tandava . Ana yin rawar a cikin yanayi mai tashin hankali, ana kiranta Raudra ko Rudra Tandava . Nau'ikan Tandava da ake samu a cikin rubutun Hindu sune: Ananda Tandava, Tripura Tandava, Sandhya Tandava, Samhara Tandava, Kali (Kalika) Tandava, Uma Tandava, Shiva Tandava, Krishna Tandava da Gauri Tandava. [6] Tandava mudras da matsayi suna faruwa a cikin mutum shi kaɗai ba tare da son rai ba, idan aka kira Kundalini (shakti a ciki). Mudras da matsayi na sassaka a cikin tsoffin haikalin Indiya kawai suna nuna ruhaniya (ruhun da aka kira, kundalini), wanda a zahiri ake tsammanin zai faru a cikin mutum a matsayin 'ya'yan ayyukansa.
An bayyana Shiva Tandava a matsayin rawa mai ƙarfi wadda ita ce tushen zagayowar halitta, kiyayewa da rushewa. Yayin da Rudra Tandava ke nuna halinsa na tashin hankali, da farko a matsayin mai halitta kuma daga baya a matsayin mai lalata sararin samaniya, har ma da mutuwa kanta, Ananda Tandava ta nuna shi a matsayin mai farin ciki. A cikin al'adar Shaiva Siddhanta, Shiva a matsayin Nataraja (wanda aka fassara shi da "Sarkin rawa" ) ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban ubangijin rawa. [7]
Tandava ta ɗauki sunanta daga Tandu (taṇḍu), mai kula da Shiva, wanda ya umarci Bharata (marubucin Natya Shastra) a cikin amfani da Angaharas da Karanas na hanyoyin Tandava a umarnin Shiva. Wasu malamai sunyi la'akari da cewa Tandu da kansa dole ne ya kasance marubucin wani aiki na baya a kan zane-zane, wanda aka haɗa shi cikin Natya Shastra .[8] Natya Shastra ya nuna Shiva yana ba da labari game da fannoni daban-daban na rawa ga allahn Brahma . [9]
Bharata ta tattauna Angahara 32 da Karana 108 a babi na 4 na Natya Shastra, Tandava Lakshanam . [10] Karana haɗin hannu ne na motsa jiki da ƙafafu don samar da yanayin rawa. Angahara ya ƙunshi Karana bakwai ko fiye. [6]
"Rawannin Shiva iri-iri da masu bauta masa suka san su ba zan iya faɗi ba. Babu shakka tushen ra'ayin da ke bayan duk waɗannan rawa iri ɗaya ne, bayyanar kuzarin rhythmic na farko. Ko menene asalin rawan Shiva, a lokaci guda ya zama mafi haske na ayyukan Allah wanda kowace fasaha ko addini za ta iya alfahari da shi." - Ananda Coomaraswamy [7]
An bayyana rawan a matsayin misali na hotuna na manyan alamu guda biyar na kuzarin har abada: [7]
- Srishti - halitta, juyin halitta
- Sthiti - adanawa, tallafi
- Samhara - halaka, juyin halitta
- Tirodhana - mafarki
- Anugraha - saki, 'yanci, alheri
Rawar da matar Shiva Parvati ta yi a matsayin martani ga Tandava na Shiva ana kiranta da Lasya, inda motsin yake da laushi, mai kyau kuma wani lokacin yana da ban sha'awa. Wasu masana suna ɗaukar Lasya a matsayin nau'in Tandava na mata. Akwai nau'ikan Lasya guda biyu, Jarita Lasya da Yauvaka Lasya.
Littattafan Hindu sun ba da labarin lokatai daban-daban da Shiva ya yi wa Tandava. Lokacin da Sati (matar Shiva ta farko, wacce aka sake haifa a matsayin Parvati) ta bar rayuwarta cikin hadayar Daksha, an ce Shiva ta yi wa Rudra Tandava don bayyana baƙin cikinsa da fushinsa. Hotunan Shivapradosha sun ce lokacin da Shiva ya yi wa Sandhya Tandava, sauran alloli kamar Brahma, Vishnu, Sarasvati, Lakshmi da Indra suna buga kayan kida suna rera waƙar yabo ga Shiva. [6]
Shiva Tandava Stotra waƙar stotra ce (waƙar Hindu) wadda ke bayyana ikon Shiva da kyawunsa, wanda ake kyautata zaton Ravana ne ya rubuta shi, babban mai bauta wa Shiva.
Alaƙa da wasu alloli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
An nuna Ganesha, ɗan Shiva, a matsayin Ashtabhuja tandavsa nritya murtis (Nau'i takwas na Ganesha masu ɗauke da makamai suna rawa da Tandava) a cikin sassaka na haikali. [6]
Bhagavata Purana ta yi magana game da Krishna yana rawa da Tandava a kan macijin Kaliya . [6] Sarki Chikka Devaraja ( maharaja ta goma sha huɗu ta Masarautar Mysore ) ya ƙera jerin tsabar kuɗi na zinariya mai suna "Devaraja [tare da] hoton rawa Krishna" ( tandava krishnamurti devaraja ) don tunawa da naɗin sarautarsa. Purandara Dasa ya kira Krishna mai rawa ("Nritya Krishna") da "Tandava Krishna".
A bisa ga al'adun Jain, an ce Indra ya yi bikin Tandava don girmama Rishabha (Jain tirthankar) a lokacin haihuwarsa. [6]
An nuna irin wannan allahn addinin Buddha mai alaƙa da Acala a wasu zane-zane don tattaka Vighnarāja, aljanin cikas, kamar yadda Tandava yake.
Rawar gargajiya ta Indiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin raye-rayen Kathak iri uku na Tandavas ana amfani da su gabaɗaya, sune, Krishna Tandava, Shiva Tandava da Ravana Tandava, amma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da iri na huɗu - Kalika Tandava. Bharatanatyam da Kuchipudi suna da bambance-bambancen Krishna suna rawa Tandava akan Kaliya. [11]
An rarraba rawar Manipuri a matsayin ko dai "Tandava" (mai ƙarfi, yawanci yana tafiya tare da Shiva, Shakti ko Krishna a matsayin wasannin kwaikwayo masu jigo na mayaƙi) ko lasya (mai laushi, yawanci yana tafiya tare da labaran soyayya na Radha da Krishna). [12] [13] A cikin Krishna Tandava a cikin Raslila, rawar Manipuri tana da kyau amma tare da motsi mai sauri da motsin acrobatic.
sassaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Karanas 108 na Tandava sun yi wahayi zuwa ga sassaka na Shiva na ƙarni na farko kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS), musamman salon Tandava wanda ya haɗa da yawa daga cikinsu zuwa hoton da aka haɗa a haikalin Nataraja na Chidambaram . [4]
Shiva a matsayin Nataraja ko Krishna suna rawa da Tandava wani abu ne da ake yawan maimaitawa a lokacin Chola . Dakunan ibada daban-daban na Shiva a Kudancin Indiya suna nuna rawar Nataraja.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "MW Cologne Scan". www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de. Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- ↑ James Lochtefeld (2002), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Rosen Publishing, ISBN 978-0823931798, pages 687
- ↑ "Tandava | Indian dance". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2021-06-06.
- 1 2 Dalal 2014.
- ↑ "Bharatanatyam - classical Dance". Karnataka Tourism (in Turanci). Retrieved 2024-12-24.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Manohar Laxman Varadpande 1987.
- 1 2 3 Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, "The Dance of Shiva", in The Dance of Shiva: Fourteen Indian Essays, rev. ed. (New York: Noonday Press), (1957) ISBN 81-215-0153-9. Cited, "Nataraja", Manas, UCLA Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "ananda" defined multiple times with different content. - ↑ Quarterly Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society, part III, pp. 25-26, as cited in Manohar Laxman Varadpande 1987
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "NS". - ↑ Ragini Devi, Dance Dialects of India, pp. 29-30. Motilal Banarsidass (1990) ISBN 81-208-0674-3
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Reginald Massey 2004.
- ↑ Saryu Doshi 1989.