Tankuna na Amurka

Tankuna na Amurka
Bayanai
Fuskar	Tank da Tarayyar Amurka

M4A3 (76) W HVSS (M4A3E8) bambancin tankin M4 Sherman ya nuna ci gaba da aka yi a duk lokacin samarwa cikin hasken gogewa.

Samfuri:History of the tankkasar Amurka ta samar da tankuna tun lokacin da aka fara su a yakin duniya na, har zuwa yau. Duk da yake akwai gwaje-gwaje da yawa na Amurka a cikin ƙirar tanki, tankunan Amurka na farko da suka ga sabis ɗin sun kasance kwafin tankunan haske na Faransa da ƙirar tankin nauyi tare da Ƙasar Ingila.

A cikin lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe an rage ci gaba saboda ƙarancin kashewa akan kayan yaƙi biyo bayan manufofin Amurka da ba na shiga tsakani ba da kuma matsayin kuɗi.

A yakin duniya na biyu, Amurka ta fito fili tare da tankuna da aka tsara don samar da taro da amintacce wanda ke nuna matsayin Amurka a matsayin "arsenal na dimokuradiyya".

Amurka ta kasance mai tasiri sosai a cikin falsafar ƙira, samarwa da koyarwar tankuna, kuma tana da alhakin wasu daga cikin ƙirar tankuna masu nasara.  

Yaƙin Duniya na I

Sojojin Amurka ne ke sarrafa tankuna na Renault FT a Faransa. Tankuna masu sauƙi tare da ma'aikata biyu kawai an samar da su a lokacin yakin duniya na .

Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na farko a gefen Entente Powers a watan Afrilu 1917, ba tare da wani tanki na kanta ba. A watan da ya biyo baya, a cikin hasken wani rahoto a cikin ra'ayoyin Burtaniya da Faransanci game da aikin tanki, babban kwamandan Sojojin Amurka, Janar John Pershing, ya yanke shawarar cewa tankuna masu sauƙi da masu nauyi suna da mahimmanci don gudanar da yakin kuma ya kamata a samu da wuri-wuri. An ƙaddamar da shirin hadin gwiwa na Anglo-Faransa-Amurka don haɓaka sabon tanki mai nauyi wanda ya dogara da ƙirar tanki mai ƙarfi na Burtaniya, kodayake ana sa ran cewa ba za a sami isasshen tankuna ba har zuwa Afrilu 1918. Hukumar Inter-Allied Tank ta yanke shawarar cewa, saboda bukatun lokacin yaƙi a kan masana'antar Faransa, hanyar da ta fi sauri don samar da sojojin Amurka da tankuna ita ce kera tankin Renault FT na Faransa a Amurka. Wasu manyan tankuna kuma za su samar da su daga Birtaniya.

301st Tank Battalion yana aiki tare da tankuna na Mark V a Saint-Souplet, Faransa a watan Oktoba 1918 (Yaƙin Selle)

Kyaftin Dwight Eisenhower ya tafi Camp Meade, Maryland, a watan Fabrairun 1918 tare da 65th Engineer Regiment, wanda aka kunna don samar da tushen tsari don ƙirƙirar rundunar tanki ta farko ta Sojoji. A watan Maris, an umarci 1st Battalion, Heavy Tank Service (kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) su shirya don motsi a kasashen waje, kuma Eisenhower ya tafi New York tare da ƙungiyar da ke gaba don yin aiki da cikakkun bayanai game da tashi da jigilar kaya tare da hukumomin tashar jiragen ruwa. Rundunar ta tashi a daren 26 ga Maris, duk da haka Eisenhower bai shiga tare da su ba. Ya yi aiki sosai a matsayin mai gudanarwa, kuma a lokacin da ya dawo Camp Meade, an gaya masa cewa zai zauna a Amurka, inda za a yi amfani da baiwarsa don tsara kayan aiki wajen kafa cibiyar horar da tanki ta farko a Camp Colt a Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Eisenhower ya zama shugaban # 3 na sabon rundunar tanki kuma ya tashi zuwa matsayi na wucin gadi na Lieutenant Colonel a cikin Sojojin Kasa kuma ya horar da ma'aikatan tanki a "Camp Colt" - kwamandansa na farko - a filin "Pickett's Charge" a wurin Yaƙin basasar Amurka. Sojojin Amurka a Faransa suna da Kyaftin George S. Patton a matsayin jami'in farko da aka ba shi horo ga ma'aikatan. Yayinda ake jigilar tankuna kamar Mark V da FT daga Faransa da Burtaniya don horo, Eisenhower ya horar da raka'a tare da manyan motoci waɗanda suka rufe bindigogi. Da zarar tankuna sun isa Eisenhower dole ne ya koyi yadda za a yi aiki da farko kafin ya bar mutanensa su yi amfani da shi.