Tarayyar Sobiyet

Tarayyar Sobiyet
	Союз Советских Социалистических Республик (ru)
Flag of the Soviet Union (en)	Emblem of the Soviet Union (en)
Take	State Anthem of the Soviet Union (en) (1 ga Janairu, 1944-26 Disamba 1991)
Kirari	«Workers of the world, unite! (en) »
Suna saboda	Soviet (en) , socialism (en) da jamhuriya
Wuri
	65°N 90°E / 65°N 90°E
Babban birni	Moscow
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	293,047,571 (1989)
• Yawan mutane	13.08 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Rashanci ; Harshan Ukraniya ; Belarusian (en)
Addini	secular state (en)
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	22,402,200 km²
Sun raba iyaka da	Czechoslovakia (en) ; Finland ; Iran ; Turkiyya ; Mongolian People's Republic (en) ; Sin ; Koriya ta Arewa ; Afghanistan ; Japan ; Poland ; Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (mul) (22 ga Yuli, 1944-29 Disamba 1989); Bulgairiya ; Socialist Republic of Romania (en) ; Tarayyar Amurka ; Romainiya ; Dai-Nippon Teikoku (mul) ; Interwar Estonia (en) ; Republic of Lithuania (en) ; Interwar Latvia (en) ; Nazi Germany (en) (28 Satumba 1939-30 ga Yuli, 1941); Hungariya
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (en) da Interwar Latvia (en)
Wanda ya samar	Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (en) , Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (en) , Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка (mul) da Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (en)
Ƙirƙira	30 Disamba 1922
Rushewa	26 Disamba 1991
Ta biyo baya	Rasha, Ukraniya, Belarus, MOldufiniya, Georgia, Armeniya, Azerbaijan, Kazakystan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Istoniya, Laitfiya da Lithuania
Muhimman sha'ani	Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (en) (30 Disamba 1922); dissolution of the Soviet Union (en) (26 Disamba 1991); Belovezh Accords (en) (8 Disamba 1991); Great Patriotic War (en) ; New Economic Policy (en) ; perestroika (en) ; Era of Stagnation (en) ; Yakin Duniya na II ; 1924 Soviet Constitution (en)
Ranakun huta	October Revolution Day (en) (November 7 (en) )
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati	soviet republic (en) , parliamentary republic (en) , one-party state (en) , tarayya da dictatorship of the proletariat (en)
Gangar majalisa	Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union (en)
• Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets (en)	Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (en) (30 Disamba 1922)
• Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (en)	Vladimir Lenin (6 ga Yuli, 1923)
Ikonomi
Kuɗi	Soviet ruble (en)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Suna ta yanar gizo	.su
Lambar ƙasa	no value da SU

Kungiyar Sobiyet wato Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), ƙungiya ce wacce ta mamaye ƙasashe da nahiyoyi wacce ta mamaye mafi akasarin yankin Eurasia tun daga shekara ta 1922 har zuwa shekarar ta alif 1991.

Wannan Muƙalar guntuwa ce: tana buƙatar a inganta ta, kuna iya gyara ta.

Manazarta

Cikakken bayani kan Tarayyar Sobiyet (USSR)

Tarayyar Sobiyet (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – USSR) wata babbar ƙasa ce da ta kasance daga 30 ga Disamba, 1922 zuwa 26 ga Disamba, 1991. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe mafi ƙarfi a tarihin duniya, inda ta mamaye yanki mai faɗi daga Gabashin Turai zuwa Arewacin Asiya. Fadin ƙasarta ya kai kusan kilomita murabba'i miliyan 22.4, wanda ya sa ta zama ƙasa mafi girma a duniya a lokacin.

Asalin kafuwa

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta samo asali ne bayan Juyin Juya Halin Rasha na shekarar 1917, lokacin da jam'iyyar Bolshevik ƙarƙashin jagorancin Vladimir Lenin ta karɓi mulki daga gwamnatin wucin gadi. Bayan shekaru na yaƙin basasa tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da masu adawa, an kafa Tarayyar Sobiyet a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1922.

Da farko ta ƙunshi jamhuriyoyi huɗu:

Rasha (Russian SFSR)

Ukraine

Belarus

Transcaucasian SFSR (wanda daga baya ya kasu zuwa Armenia, Azerbaijan da Georgia)

Daga baya ƙarin jamhuriyoyi suka shiga har suka kai 15.

Tsarin mulki

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta kasance ƙasa mai bin tsarin kwaminisanci. Jam'iyyar Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) ce kaɗai ke da ikon mulki. Shugabannin ƙasar sun haɗa da:

Vladimir Lenin

Joseph Stalin

Nikita Khrushchev

Leonid Brezhnev

Mikhail Gorbachev

Tattalin arziki

USSR ta gudanar da tattalin arzikinta ne ta hanyar tsarin tsare-tsaren gwamnati. Gwamnati ce ke mallakar:

Manyan masana'antu

Gonaki

Ma'adinai

Hanyoyin sufuri

Bankuna

An fi mai da hankali kan masana'antu masu nauyi, makamashi, ƙarafa, da aikin soja.

Sojoji da makaman nukiliya

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta gina ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojoji a duniya. Ta mallaki:

Makaman nukiliya masu yawa

Tankokin yaƙi

Jiragen sama na yaƙi

Jiragen ruwa na soja

Ta kasance babbar ƙasa mai fafatawa da United States a lokacin Yaƙin Cacar Baki.

Yaƙin Cacar Baki

Daga bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu har zuwa 1991, Tarayyar Sobiyet da Amurka sun shiga gasa ta siyasa, tattalin arziki, fasaha da makamai. Wannan lokaci ana kiransa Yaƙin Cacar Baki (Cold War).

Duk da cewa ba su yi yaƙi kai tsaye ba, sun yi gogayya a fannoni daban-daban kuma suka goyi bayan ɓangarori masu saɓani a yaƙe-yaƙe na wasu ƙasashe.

Nasarorin kimiyya

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta zama ta farko a abubuwa da dama:

Ta ƙaddamar da Sputnik 1, tauraron dan Adam na farko a duniya (1957).

Yuri Gagarin ya zama mutum na farko da ya shiga sararin samaniya a shekarar 1961.

Ta samar da manyan masana a fannin lissafi, kimiyya da injiniya.

Al'umma da ilimi

Gwamnati ta samar da:

Ilimi kyauta

Kiwon lafiya kyauta

Tallafin gidaje

Ayyukan yi ga yawancin jama'a

Sai dai kuma akwai ƙarancin 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da na kafafen yaɗa labarai.

Jamhuriyoyi 15

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta ƙunshi:

1. Rasha

2. Ukraine

3. Belarus

4. Estonia

5. Latvia

6. Lithuania

7. Moldova

8. Georgia

9. Armenia

10. Azerbaijan

11. Kazakhstan

12. Uzbekistan

13. Turkmenistan

14. Kyrgyzstan

15. Tajikistan

Rushewar Tarayyar Sobiyet

A shekarun 1980 tattalin arziki ya fara rauni, sannan matsalolin siyasa suka ƙaru. Shugaba Mikhail Gorbachev ya aiwatar da manufofin Perestroika (gyaran tattalin arziki) da Glasnost (buɗe siyasa), amma matsalolin suka ci gaba.

A ranar 26 ga Disamba, 1991, Tarayyar Sobiyet ta rushe. Jamhuriyoyin 15 suka zama ƙasashe masu cin gashin kansu, yayin da Russia ta zama magajiyar mafi yawan kadarori da kujerar USSR a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Muhimmancin Tarayyar Sobiyet

Tarayyar Sobiyet ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da suka fi tasiri a ƙarni na 20 saboda:

Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kayar da Jamus a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

Ta jagoranci yaɗuwar tsarin kwaminisanci a ƙasashe da dama.

Ta yi babban ci gaba a kimiyya da binciken sararin samaniya.

Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe biyu mafi ƙarfi a duniya na tsawon kusan rabin ƙarni.

Ko da yake Tarayyar Sobiyet ta rushe a shekarar 1991, tarihinta da tasirinta har yanzu suna da muhimmanci a siyasa, tattalin arziki, da dangantakar ƙasashen duniya.