Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015
| COP 21 da CMP 11 | ||||
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| Iri | Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya | |||
| Kwanan watan | 30 Nuwamba, 2015 | |||
| Wuri |
Le Bourget Exhibition Centre (en)  Faris | |||
| Ƙasa | Faransa | |||
| Mai-tsarawa | Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya | |||
| Participant (en) | ||||
| Number of viewers/listeners (en) | 939,610 (27 Nuwamba, 2025) | |||
| Yanar gizo | unfccc.int… | |||
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An gudanar da taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, COP19 ko CMP9 a birnin Warsaw na kasar Poland daga ranar 11 zuwa 23 ga Nuwamba, 2013. Wannan shi ne taro na 19 na shekara-shekara na taron jam'iyyun (COP 19) zuwa Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi (UNFCCC) na 1992 (UNFCCC) da kuma zaman 9th na 7th Parties (Coto9) Ka'idar.[1] Wakilan taron sun ci gaba da tattaunawa kan yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta duniya. Sakatariyar hukumar ta UNFCCC Christiana Figueres da ministar muhalli ta Poland Marcin Korolec ne suka jagoranci shawarwarin.
Taron ya kai ga yerjejeniyar cewa dukkan jihohi za su fara rage hayaki da wuri da wuri, amma zai fi dacewa nan da kwata na farko na shekara ta 2015. An kirkiro kalmar da aka yi niyya a Warsaw bisa shawara daga Singapore. Har ila yau, an gabatar da tsarin aikin injiniya na duniya na Warsaw.
Yarjejeniyoyi na farko da na ainihi sun kasance a kan gaba a tattaunawar, ciki har da: ƙididdiga da ba a yi amfani da su ba daga mataki na ɗaya na Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, gyare-gyare ga hanyoyin ayyukan UNFCCC da dama, da kuma daidaita ma'auni, bayar da rahoto, da kuma tabbatar da fitar da iskar gas (GHGs).[2] Wakilai za su mai da hankali kan yiwuwar yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta duniya da ake sa ran za a amince da ita a shekarar 2015 a taron Paris.[3]
Wuri da shiga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankuna ne ke jujjuya wurin taron UNFCCC a cikin ƙasashen Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. A cikin 2013 Warsaw, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Poland, an zaɓi shi don wakiltar rukunin Gabashin Turai a cikin Shugabancin COP 19.
Zaben Poland dai ya sha suka daga kungiyoyin kare muhalli da suka hada da GreenPeace, saboda gazawar kasar na rage amfani da makamashin da take yi da kuma kara amfani da makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, kashi 88% na wutar lantarkin Poland ana samun su ne daga kwal, idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin matsakaicin wutar lantarki na duniya na kashi 68% daga albarkatun mai. Jami'anta sun yi ta toshe shawarwarin EU don yin aiki yadda ya kamata kan dumamar yanayi. A yau, wutar lantarki ta Poland tana kusan kashi 71% daga kwal. A cikin 2011, Poland ta yi adawa da sauran ƙasashe membobin EU, ta hanyar toshe manufar fitar da sifili da aka tsara na 2050. Bugu da kari, ministan muhallinta, kuma shugaban taron, Marcin Korolec, ya bayyana cewa, yana da shakku kan dabarun jagoranci na kungiyar EU.[4]
Sama da mahalarta 10,000 daga kasashe 189 ne suka yi rajista don halartar taron, amma ministoci 134 ne suka sanar da halartar taron. Kasashe hudu da ke cikin wadanda suka fi fuskantar sauyin yanayi sun samu wakilcin shugabansu ko Firayim Minista: Tuvalu, Nauru, Habasha da Tanzaniya. Firayim Ministan Poland Donald Tusk ya kori Korolec a fi son dan siyasa wanda zai fi dacewa ya samar da "hanzarin ayyukan iskar gas" a cikin kasar. Duk da haka, ya ce Korolec zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai cikakken iko na gwamnati a taron.
Tattaunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban makasudin taron shi ne rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli (GHGs) domin takaita karuwar zafin duniya zuwa digiri 2 a ma’aunin celcius sama da matakin da ake ciki. A cewar babbar sakatariyar hukumar ta UNFCCC Christiana Figueres.
"Hannun iskar iskar gas na duniya yana buƙatar kololuwar wannan shekaru goma, kuma ya kai ga rashin isassun iskar gas a cikin rabin na biyu na wannan ƙarni ... gwamnatocin ƙasa suna buƙatar yin aiki don rage tasirin tasirin al'ummominsu da tabbatar da ci gaba mai dorewa a kan tsararraki. Masu zaman kansu suna buƙatar yin aiki don rage haɗarin yanayi da kama damar samun dama.
Walkouts
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kungiyar G77 da kasar Sin sun jagoranci kasashe 132 da ba su ci gaba ba, a wani rangadi da aka yi a lokacin da ake tattaunawa kan “asara da barna” sakamakon sakamakon dumamar yanayi. Kasashen da ba su ci gaba ba sun bukaci kasashen da suka ci gaba su ba su dala biliyan 100 a duk shekara nan da shekarar 2020.[15] Masu fafutuka da kasashe matalauta sun zargi jami'an diflomasiyyar Australia da kin daukar tattaunawar da muhimmanci, saboda kasar ba ta tura manyan jami'ai zuwa taron na MDD ba. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa za su shagaltu da soke harajin carbon da ake yi a ƙasar. Firayim Minista Tony Abbott ya shaida wa jaridar Washington Post cewa "Harajin carbon yana da illa ga tattalin arziki kuma ba ya yin wani amfani ga muhalli." "Duk da harajin carbon na dala 37 a ton nan da shekarar 2020, hayakin cikin gida na Ostiraliya ya hauhawa, ba kasa ba. Harajin carbon ya kasance tushen gurguzu yana yin katsalandan a matsayin muhalli, kuma shi ya sa za a soke shi."[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 19th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC". International Institute for Sustainable Development. Retrieved 20 February 2013
- ↑ Bridges Warsaw update: Financing key to unlocking progress at COP 19". International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ↑ Cienski, Jan (11 November 2013). "Leaders Gather in Warsaw for Climate Change Negotiations". The Financial Times UK. Retrieved 12 November 2013
- ↑ Hakim, Danny and Mateusz Zurawik: "Poland, Wedded to Coal, Spurns Europe on Clean Energy Targets", in The New York Times, 31 October 2013
- ↑ Bridges Warsaw update: Financing key to unlocking progress at COP 19". International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.