Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dover

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dover
seaport (en)
Bayanai
Ƙasa	Birtaniya
Historic county (en)	Kent (mul)
Wuri a ina ko kusa da wace teku	English Channel (en)
Shafin yanar gizo	portofdover.com
Wuri
51°07′09″N 1°19′46″E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Birtaniya
Constituent country of the United Kingdom (en)	Ingila
Region of England (en)	South East England (en)
Ceremonial county of England (en)	Kent (mul)
Non-metropolitan county (en)	Kent (mul)
Non-metropolitan district (en)	Dover (en)
Civil parish (en)	Dover (mul)
Gari	Dover

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dover wani jirgin ruwa ne mai ratsawa, tashar jiragen ruwa, kayan sufuri na ruwa da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa da ke Dover, Kent, kudu maso gabashin Ingila . Ita ce tashar jiragen ruwa ta Ingila mafi kusa da Faransa, mai nisan 34 kilometres (21 mi) nesa, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa mafi cunkoso a duniya, tare da fasinjoji miliyan 11.7, manyan motoci miliyan 2.6, motoci miliyan 2.2 da babura miliyan 80,000 da ke wucewa ta cikinta a shekarar 2017, kuma tare da jigilar kaya ta shekara-shekara ta fam miliyan 58.5 a shekara. Wannan ya kwatanta da Channel Tunnel da ke kusa, hanya ɗaya tilo da ke tsakanin tsibirin Burtaniya da babban yankin Turai, wacce yanzu ke ɗaukar fasinjoji miliyan 20 da manyan motoci miliyan 1.6 a kowace shekara.

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Dover tana da dogon tarihi kuma tana da gine-gine da gine-ginen da aka jera da yawa. Kwamitin Dover Harbour ne ke mallakar tashar jiragen ruwa kuma ke sarrafa shi, wani kamfani na doka wanda Sarki James I ya kafa a cikin 1606. Yawancin mambobin kwamitin Dover Harbor Board sune wadanda aka nada daga Ma'aikatar Sufuri. Tashar jiragen ruwa tana da rundunar 'yan sanda masu zaman kansu, ''Yan sanda na tashar jiragen ruwa na Dover. Yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na yanzu da yawan mutanen birane sun rarraba Dover a matsayin Babban Birnin Port.

Tarihi

Binciken kayan tarihi na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa tarihin Dover a matsayin tashar jiragen ruwa da ƙofar ciniki ya samo asali ne daga aƙalla tun zamanin Dutse da Tagulla . An san shi da Dubris a lokacin mamayar Romawa a Birtaniya, tashar jiragen ruwa ta kasance tana da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin dabarun saboda kusancinta da nahiyar Turai da kuma wurin da kogin Dour mai kariya yake tsakanin manyan duwatsu biyu na alli. Ci gaban tashar jiragen ruwa ya haifar da ci gaban Dover kai tsaye a matsayin matsuguni, kuma tsawon ƙarni da yawa, zuwa ga gina katangar tsaro mai faɗi, gami da Dover Castle da Dover Western Heights . A zamanin Romawa, an gina gari mai shinge a bakin gabar yamma na Kogin Dour kuma tashar jiragen ruwa ta girma ta zama tashar jiragen ruwa ta soja, ta kasuwanci da kuma ta hanyar sadarwa. Dubris yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren farawa na hanyar Romawa daga baya aka sani da Watling Street .

Dover ya ƙara girma bayan mamayar Norman a shekarar 1066 a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta Cinque . Bayan shahadar Archbishop Thomas Becket a Cathedral na Canterbury a shekarar 1170, Dover ta bunƙasa a matsayin tashar shiga ta musamman ga mahajjata na ƙasashen waje kuma a matsayin wurin tashi zuwa yaƙi na uku da na gaba. Bayan nasarar Edward III a Yaƙin Sluys a shekarar 1340, an gina babban katangar tsaro a kusa da garin. Duk da cewa an yi ƙoƙarin da aka yi na sarrafa ma'ajiyar shingle da ke toshe ƙofar tashar jiragen ruwa a ƙarshen Zamanin Tsakiya, an gina wani ɗan gajeren mashigi da hasumiyoyin tsaro guda biyu a tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin shekaru kafin tashin Henry VIII zuwa ƙololuwar sarauta da aka sani da Filin Zane na Zinare a shekarar 1520.

A shekarun 1580, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Thomas Digges kuma Sir Walter Raleigh ya jagoranta, an fara aikin samar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na tashar jiragen ruwa na farko don magance matsalar zaftarewar ƙasa ta hanyar amfani da magudanan ruwa da kuma haɓaka wani tafkin ruwa da aka rufe da aka sani da Babban Pent, wanda ta hanyarsa ake iya bincika tashar jiragen ruwa akai-akai. An ƙirƙiri Babban Pent ta hanyar gina bango a kan tafkin shinge na halitta da ke bakin Kogin Dour: ma'aikata daga Romney Marsh ne suka gudanar da aikin, ta amfani da ƙwarewar da aka ƙware a gina ganuwar teku . An bayyana aikin a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin injiniya mafi nasara a zamanin [Sarauniya] Elizabeth ". Ginin Wellington Dock na baya, wanda James Walker ya tsara a farkon shekarun 1830, ya mamaye kusan sawun Babban Pent.

Bayan barazanar Yaƙin Napoleon a farkon ƙarni na 19, Admiralty ta zaɓi Dover a matsayin wurin da ya fi dacewa don tashar jiragen ruwa ta mafaka tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Chatham da Portsmouth . A shekara ta 1847, an fara gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Admiralty. An yi la'akari da ita a matsayin Yankin Yamma na wurin da aka tsara, kammala babban matakin farko a shekara ta 1871 ya dakatar da lalata bakin tashar jiragen ruwa yayin da ya yanke kwararowar shingle daga alkiblar Folkestone . An gina tashar jiragen ruwa ta Admiralty ta amfani da harsashin tubalan dutse na Portland da aka gina ta da dutse mai ƙarfi da dutsen Bramley Fall mai ƙarfi a kan waje mai fuskantar teku. Littafin Price na Stothert & Pitt na 1885 ya rubuta Messers H. Lee & Co a matsayin mai kwangilar siminti ta amfani da Lee's Mixer, misali na farko na mahaɗan siminti da aka yi amfani da su yayin gini a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Admiralty . Ƙarin gini daga 1897 zuwa gaba ya kafa Eastern Arm na tashar jiragen ruwa ta yanzu, Southern Breakwater da kuma ƙarin faɗaɗa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Admiralty.

A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, wani tsohon jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya, Yariman Sipaniya, an nutsar da shi da gangan a ƙarƙashin Admiralty kusa da ƙofar shiga Dover Harbour don hana jiragen ruwa na Jamus U-Boats su harba torpedoes zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, an nutsar da ragowar wani jirgin ruwa, War Sepoy, tare da Yariman Sipaniya.