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Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli

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Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Canjin muhalli da external risk (en) Fassara
Fuskar Biophysical environment
Has cause (en) Fassara mutum da human behavior (en) Fassara
Handled, mitigated, or managed by (en) Fassara environmental mitigation (en) Fassara
Tasirin fadada mutum a kan yanayin halittu, yana nuna yadda masana'antu da sare daji don ci gaban birane ke haifar da asarar mazaunin da raguwar yawan tsuntsaye.

Tasirin ɗan adam a kan muhalli (ko tasirin muhalli na ɗan adam) yana nufin canje-canje ga yanayin halittu da kuma yanayin halittu, bambancin halittu, da albarkatun kasa wanda mutane suka haifar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Gyara muhalli don dacewa da bukatun al'umma (kamar yadda yake a cikin Yanayin da aka gina) yana haifar da mummunar sakamako[1][2] ciki har da dumama duniya, [3] [3] lalacewar muhalli [3] (kamar ƙarancin teku [3] ), halaka mai yawa da asarar halittu, [3] [4] [4] [5] Rikicin muhalli, da Rushewar muhalli.[6][7][8][9] Wasu ayyukan ɗan adam waɗanda ke haifar da lalacewa (ko dai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice) ga muhalli a kan sikelin duniya sun haɗa da haɓaka yawan jama'a, manufofin tattalin arziki na Neoliberal da haɓaka tattalin arziki mai sauri, yawan amfani, yawan amfani, gurɓata, da sare daji.[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Wasu daga cikin matsalolin, gami da dumama duniya da asarar halittu, an gabatar da su a matsayin wakiltar Hadarin bala'i'i ga rayuwar jinsunan mutane.[18][19]

Kalmar anthropogenic tana nuna sakamako ko abu wanda ya haifar da aikin ɗan adam. An fara amfani da kalmar ne a cikin ma'anar fasaha ta masanin ilimin ƙasa na Rasha Alexey Pavlov, kuma masanin ilimin muhalli na Burtaniya Arthur Tansley ne ya fara amfani da ita a Turanci dangane da tasirin ɗan adam a kan Al'ummomin shuke-shuke. Masanin kimiyya na yanayi Paul Crutzen ya gabatar da kalmar "Anthropocene" a tsakiyar shekarun 1970. Ana amfani da kalmar a wasu lokuta a cikin yanayin gurɓataccen da aka samar daga Ayyukan ɗan adam tun farkon juyin juya halin noma amma kuma ya shafi duk manyan tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli.[20][21][22] Yawancin ayyukan da mutane suka dauka waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga yanayin zafi sun samo asali ne daga ƙone man fetur daga tushe daban-daban, kamar: wutar lantarki, motoci, jiragen sama, dumama sararin samaniya, masana'antu, ko lalata gandun daj[23]

Ficewar ɗan adam

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsarin ciki yana nuna yadda mutane suka ci gaba da amfani da albarkatun duniya fiye da yadda duniya za ta iya sake farfadowa. Ikon duniya na sake farfado da albarkatun da aka cinye yanzu yana da kusan 57% kawai muddin a shekarar 1971.[24]

Yawan amfani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Chart published by NASA depicting CO2 levels from the past 400,000 years.

Yawan amfani shine yanayin da amfani da albarkatu ya wuce ƙarfin da ke cikin yanayin halittu. Ana iya auna shi ta hanyar sawun muhalli, hanyar lissafin albarkatu wanda ke kwatanta buƙatun ɗan adam akan tsarin halittu tare da adadin yanayin halittu na duniya wanda zai iya sabuntawa. Kimanin da Cibiyar Nazarin Duniya ta yi ya nuna cewa bukatar bil'adama ta yanzu ta fi 70% [25] sama da yawan sake farfadowa na dukkan tsarin halittu na duniya. Tsarin da ya fi tsayi na yawan amfani yana haifar da lalacewar muhalli da kuma asarar tushen albarkatu.

Tasirin bil'adama gabaɗaya a duniya yana shafar dalilai da yawa, ba kawai yawan mutane ba. Hanyar rayuwarsu (ciki har da wadata da amfani da albarkatu gaba ɗaya) da gurɓataccen da suke samarwa (ciki ma sawun carbon) suna da mahimmanci. A cikin 2008, The New York Times ya bayyana cewa mazaunan kasashe masu tasowa na duniya suna cinye albarkatu kamar mai da karafa kusan sau 32 fiye da na kasashe masu ci gaba, wadanda suka kasance mafi yawan yawan jama'ar mutane.

Rage sawun carbon na mutum don ayyuka daban-daban.

Al'adun ɗan adam sun haifar da asarar kashi 83% na dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa da rabin tsire-tsire. Kayan kaji na duniya sun ninka nauyin dukkan tsuntsayen daji sau uku, yayin da shanu da aladu suka fi nauyin dabbobi masu shayarwa da 14 zuwa 1.[26] Ana sa ran amfani da nama a duniya zai ninka fiye da ninki biyu nan da shekara ta 2050, watakila har zuwa 76%, yayin da yawan mutanen duniya ya karu zuwa sama da biliyan 9, wanda zai zama babban direba na ƙarin asarar halittu da karuwar hayakin gas na Greenhouse. [27]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Stockton, Nick (22 April 2015). "The Biggest Threat to the Earth? We Have Too Many Kids". Wired.com. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  2. ↑ Ripple, William J.; Wolf, Christopher; Newsome, Thomas M.; Barnard, Phoebe; Moomaw, William R. (5 November 2019). "World Scientists' Warning of a Climate Emergency". BioScience. doi:10.1093/biosci/biz088. Archived from the original on 3 January 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2019. Still increasing by roughly 80 million people per year, or more than 200,000 per day (figure 1a–b), the world population must be stabilized—and, ideally, gradually reduced—within a framework that ensures social integrity. There are proven and effective policies that strengthen human rights while lowering fertility rates and lessening the impacts of population growth on GHG emissions and biodiversity loss. These policies make family-planning services available to all people, remove barriers to their access and achieve full gender equity, including primary and secondary education as a global norm for all, especially girls and young women (Bongaarts and O'Neill 2018). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CSSR2017
  4. ↑ Cook, John (13 April 2016). "Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming". Environmental Research Letters. 11 (4): 048002. Bibcode:2016ERL....11d8002C. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002. The consensus that humans are causing recent global warming is shared by 90%–100% of publishing climate scientists according to six independent studies |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  5. ↑ Lenton, Timothy M.; Xu, Chi; Abrams, Jesse F.; Ghadiali, Ashish; Loriani, Sina; Sakschewski, Boris; Zimm, Caroline; Ebi, Kristie L.; Dunn, Robert R.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Scheffer, Marten (2023). "Quantifying the human cost of global warming". Nature Sustainability. 6 (10): 1237–1247. Bibcode:2023NatSu...6.1237L. doi:10.1038/s41893-023-01132-6. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  6. ↑ "Increased Ocean Acidity". Epa.gov. United States Environmental Protection Agency. 30 August 2016. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2017. Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere whenever people burn fossil fuels. Oceans play an important role in keeping the Earth's carbon cycle in balance. As the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rises, the oceans absorb a lot of it. In the ocean, carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. This causes the acidity of seawater to increase.
  7. ↑ Leakey, Richard and Roger Lewin, 1996, The Sixth Extinction : Patterns of Life and the Future of Humankind, Anchor, ISBN 0-385-46809-1
  8. ↑ Ceballos, Gerardo; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Barnosky, Anthony D.; Garcia, Andrés; Pringle, Robert M.; Palmer, Todd M. (2015). "Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction". Science Advances. 1 (5): e1400253. Bibcode:2015SciA....1E0253C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1400253. PMC 4640606. PMID 26601195.
  9. ↑ Pimm, S. L.; Jenkins, C. N.; Abell, R.; Brooks, T. M.; Gittleman, J. L.; Joppa, L. N.; Raven, P. H.; Roberts, C. M.; Sexton, J. O. (30 May 2014). "The biodiversity of species and their rates of extinction, distribution, and protection". Science. 344 (6187). doi:10.1126/science.1246752. PMID 24876501. The overarching driver of species extinction is human population growth and increasing per capita consumption.
  10. ↑ Crist, Eileen; Ripple, William J.; Ehrlich, Paul R.; Rees, William E.; Wolf, Christopher (November 2022). "Scientists' warning on population" (PDF). Science of the Total Environment. 845. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.84557166C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157166. PMID 35803428 Check |pmid= value (help).
  11. ↑ Perkins, Sid (11 July 2017). "The best way to reduce your carbon footprint is one the government isn't telling you about". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aan7083.
  12. ↑ Nordström, Jonas; Shogren, Jason F.; Thunström, Linda (15 April 2020). "Do parents counter-balance the carbon emissions of their children?". PLOS One. 15 (4): e0231105. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1531105N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231105. PMC 7159189. PMID 32294098. It is well understood that adding to the population increases Samfuri:CO2 emissions.
  13. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  14. ↑ Rees, William E. (2020). "Ecological economics for humanity's plague phase" (PDF). Ecological Economics. 169. Bibcode:2020EcoEc.16906519R. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106519. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2025-08-06. the neoliberal paradigm contributes significantly to planetary unraveling. Neoliberal thinking treats the economy and the ecosphere as separate independent systems and essentially ignores the latter.
  15. ↑ Jones, Ellie-Anne; Stafford, Rick (2021). "Neoliberalism and the Environment: Are We Aware of Appropriate Action to Save the Planet and Do We Think We Are Doing Enough?". Earth. 2 (2): 331–339. Bibcode:2021Earth...2..331J. doi:10.3390/earth2020019.
  16. ↑ Cafaro, Philip (November 2022). "Reducing Human Numbers and the Size of our Economies is Necessary to Avoid a Mass Extinction and Share Earth Justly with Other Species". Philosophia. 50 (5): 2263–2282. doi:10.1007/s11406-022-00497-w. Conservation biologists agree that humanity is on the verge of causing a mass extinction and that its primary driver is our immense and rapidly expanding global economy.
  17. ↑ Badri, Adarsh (2024-03-04). "Feeling for the Anthropocene: affective relations and ecological activism in the global South". International Affairs (in Turanci). 100 (2): 731–749. doi:10.1093/ia/iiae010. ISSN 0020-5850.
  18. ↑ "New Climate Risk Classification Created to Account for Potential "Existential" Threats". Scripps Institution of Oceanography. 14 September 2017. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017. A new study evaluating models of future climate scenarios has led to the creation of the new risk categories "catastrophic" and "unknown" to characterize the range of threats posed by rapid global warming. Researchers propose that unknown risks imply existential threats to the survival of humanity.
  19. ↑ Torres, Phil (11 April 2016). "Biodiversity loss: An existential risk comparable to climate change". Thebulletin.org. Taylor & Francis. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
  20. ↑ Scott, Michon (2014). "Glossary". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 17 September 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  21. ↑ Syvitski, Jaia; Waters, Colin N.; Day, John; et al. (2020). "Extraordinary human energy consumption and resultant geological impacts beginning around 1950 CE initiated the proposed Anthropocene Epoch". Communications Earth & Environment. 1 (32): 32. Bibcode:2020ComEE...1...32S. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00029-y. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  22. ↑ Elhacham, Emily; Ben-Uri, Liad; et al. (2020). "Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass". Nature. 588 (7838): 442–444. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..442E. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5. PMID 33299177.
  23. ↑ Trenberth, Kevin E. (2 October 2018). "Climate change caused by human activities is happening and it already has major consequences". Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law (in Turanci). 36 (4): 463–481. Bibcode:2018JENRL..36..463T. doi:10.1080/02646811.2018.1450895.
  24. ↑ "Past Earth Overshoot Days". OvershootDay.org. Earth Overshoot Day. 2025. Archived from the original on 20 June 2025.
  25. ↑ "Open Data Platform". Data.footprintnetwork.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  26. ↑ Pennisi, Elizabeth (21 May 2018). "Plants outweigh all other life on Earth". Science. Archived from the original on 23 May 2018. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
  27. ↑ Empty citation (help)
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