Jump to content

Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan teku

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Bayani game da canje-canjen yanayi da tasirin su a kan teku. Ana nuna tasirin yanki a cikin italics.
Wannan wasan kwaikwayo na NASA yana isar da hanyoyin teku na Duniya a matsayin karfi mai motsawa tsakanin tsarin da ke da alaƙa da duniya.

[1][2]

Layer daban-daban na teku suna da yanayin zafi daban-daban. Misali, ruwa ya fi sanyi zuwa kasan teku. Wannan yanayin zafin jiki zai karu yayin da teku ke dumi saboda hauhawar yanayin iska. ::471 Haɗe da wannan shine raguwa a cikin haɗuwa da yadudduka na teku, don haka ruwan dumi ya daidaita kusa da farfajiya. Ragewar sanyi, zurfin ruwa ya biyo baya. Ragewar cakuda tsaye ya sa ya zama da wuya ga teku ta sha zafi. Don haka babban rabo na dumama na gaba yana shiga cikin yanayi da ƙasa. Ɗaya daga cikin sakamakon shine karuwa a cikin adadin makamashi da ake samu don Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da sauran guguwa. Wani sakamako shine raguwar abubuwan gina jiki ga kifi a saman teku. Wadannan canje-canje kuma sun rage ikon teku don adana carbon. A lokaci guda, bambance-bambance a cikin salinity suna ƙaruwa. Yankunan gishiri suna zama masu gishiri da kuma wuraren da ba su da gishiri.[3]


Ruwa mai zafi ba zai iya ƙunshe da adadin iskar oxygen kamar ruwan sanyi ba. A sakamakon haka, iskar oxygen daga teku tana motsawa zuwa yanayi. Ƙarin yanayin zafi na iya rage isar da iskar oxygen daga ruwa mai zurfi zuwa ruwa mai zurfa. Wannan yana rage yawan iskar oxygen na ruwa har ma da yawa. Tekun ya riga ya rasa iskar oxygen a duk faɗin ruwa. Yankunan mafi ƙarancin iskar oxygen suna ƙaruwa a duk duniya. : 471 :471

Wadannan canje-canje suna cutar da yanayin halittu na ruwa, kuma wannan na iya haifar da asarar halittu ko canje-canje a cikin rarraba jinsuna. Wannan kuma na iya shafar kamun kifi da yawon bude ido na bakin teku. Misali, hauhawar yanayin zafi na ruwa yana cutar da coral reefs na wurare masu zafi. Sakamakon kai tsaye shine murfin murjani a kan waɗannan reefs, saboda suna da hankali ga ƙananan canje-canje na zafin jiki. Don haka karamin karuwa a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa na iya samun babban tasiri a cikin waɗannan mahalli. Wani misali shine asarar wuraren zama na kankara ta teku saboda zafi. Wannan zai haifar da mummunar tasiri ga bears da sauran dabbobi da suka dogara da shi. Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan tekuna ya sanya ƙarin matsin lamba a kan yanayin halittu na teku waɗanda tuni suna ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta wasu tasirin daga ayyukan ɗan adam.[4]

Kusan tabbas ne cewa teku ta duniya ta yi zafi ba tare da raguwa ba tun 1970 kuma ta ɗauki fiye da 90% na yawan zafi a cikin tsarin yanayi [...]. Tun daga shekara ta 1993, yawan ruwan zafi na teku ya ninka fiye da sau biyu [...]. Rashin zafi na ruwa mai yiwuwa ya ninka sau biyu a cikin mitar tun 1982 kuma yana ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfi [...]. Ta hanyar shan ƙarin CO2, teku ta sami karuwar ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta [...]. Rashin iskar oxygen ya faru daga farfajiyar zuwa 1000 m [...].

canje-canjen saboda hauhawar matakan iska

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yawancin zafi da aka kama ta hanyar dumamar duniya da ke haifar da mutum yana shawo kan teku, yana shiga cikin zurfin sassanta.[5]
Makamashi (zafi) an kara shi zuwa sassa daban-daban na tsarin yanayi saboda dumamar yanayi (bayanai daga 2007).
Page 'Marine heatwave' not found

A halin yanzu (2020), matakan carbon dioxide na yanayi (="true" id="mwjw" typeof="mw:Transclusion">CO) na fiye da sassa 410 a kowace miliyan (ppm) kusan kusan 50% ne sama da matakan preindustrial. Wadannan matakan da suka fi girma da sauri ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin rikodin ilimin ƙasa na shekaru miliyan 55. Tushen wannan CO2 mai yawa an kafa shi a sarari a matsayin wanda mutum ke jagoranta, yana nuna cakuda burbushin man fetur, masana'antu, da kuma amfani da ƙasa / canjin ƙasa.[2] An tattauna ra'ayin cewa teku tana aiki a matsayin babban nutsewa ga CO2 na ɗan adam a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya tun aƙalla ƙarshen shekarun 1950.[2] Shaidu da yawa suna nuna cewa teku tana shan kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na jimlar hayakin CO2 na ɗan adam.[2] Sabbin mahimman binciken game da canje-canje da tasirin da aka lura daga 2019 sun haɗa da:

Page 'Ocean heat content' not found
Page 'Ocean acidification' not found

Rashin zafin teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin ƙasa ya karu da sauri fiye da yanayin teku yayin da teku ke shan kusan kashi 92% na yawan zafin da canjin yanayi ya haifar.[6] Shafin tare da bayanai daga NASA wanda ke nuna yadda yanayin ƙasa da yanayin iska na teku ya canza idan aka kwatanta da tushen masana'antu.[7]
Hoton sauye-sauyen zafin jiki daga 1960 zuwa 2019 a fadin kowane teku wanda ya fara a Kudancin Tekun da ke kusa da Antarctica.[8]

A bayyane yake cewa teku tana dumama saboda canjin yanayi, kuma wannan adadin dumama yana ƙaruwa. : 9 Tekun duniya shine mafi zafi da mutane suka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin 2022. Wannan ya ƙayyade ta hanyar yanayin zafi na teku, wanda ya wuce iyakar 2021 da ta gabata a cikin 2022.[9] Ci gaba da hauhawar yanayin zafi na teku shine sakamakon da ba za a iya gujewa ba na Rashin daidaituwa na makamashi na duniya, wanda ya samo asali ne daga hauhawar matakan iskar gas.[9] Tsakanin lokutan masana'antu da shekaru goma na 2011-2020, saman teku ya yi zafi tsakanin 0.68 da 1.01 ° C. :1214 

Yawancin yawan zafi na teku yana faruwa a Kudancin Tekun. Misali, tsakanin shekarun 1950 da 1980, zafin jiki na Kudancin Tekun Antarctic ya tashi da 0.17 ° C (0.31 ° F), kusan sau biyu na yawan teku na duniya.[10]  

Yawan dumama ya bambanta da zurfin. Tekun sama (sama da 700 m) yana dumama da sauri. A zurfin teku na mita dubu dumama yana faruwa a kusan 0.4 ° C a kowace ƙarni (bayanai daga 1981 zuwa 2019).  : Hoto 5.4 A cikin yankuna masu zurfi na teku (a duniya), a zurfin mita 2000, dumama ya kasance kusan 0.1 ° C a kowace ƙarni.[11] : Hoto 5.4 Tsarin dumama ya bambanta da Tekun Antarctic (a 55 ° S), inda aka lura da mafi girman dumama (0.3 ° C a kowace ƙarni) a zurfin 4500 m.[11] : Hoto 5.4   :Figure 5.4

Ruwa mai zafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Har ila yau, ruwan zafi na teku yana da tasiri a kan rayuwar ruwa: Misali, saboda faduwa daga ruwan zafi na 2019-2021 na Pacific Northwest, [12] yawan mutanen da ke cikin dusar ƙanƙara na Bering Sea sun ragu da kashi 84% tsakanin 2018 da 2022, asarar kwari biliyan 9.8.

Matsakaicin matakin teku na duniya ya tashi kusan 250 millimeters (9.8 in) tun 1880, [13] yana ƙara tsawo a saman wanda wasu nau'ikan ambaliyar ruwa (ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa) ke faruwa. 
Idan kasashe sun yanke hayakin iskar gas sosai (mafi ƙanƙanta), hauhawar matakin teku ta 2100 za a iyakance shi zuwa 0.3 zuwa 0.6 mita (1-2 feet). [14] Koyaya, a cikin mafi munin yanayin (alamu na sama), matakan teku na iya tashi da mita 5 (16 feet) a shekara ta 2300.[14]

Abubuwan da ke cikin zafi na teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawan zafin teku ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. Yanayin zafi ya fi girma a kusa da ma'auni kuma ya fi ƙasa a sanduna. A sakamakon haka, canje-canje a cikin jimlar yanayin zafi na teku sun fi kwatanta dumamar teku. Idan aka kwatanta da 1969-1993, ɗaukar zafi ya karu tsakanin 1993 da 2017. : 457 :457

Page 'Sea level rise' not found

Rashin ƙwayoyin cuta na teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Acidification na teku: matsakaicin pH na ruwan teku. Ana nuna matsakaicin pH na ruwan teku bisa ga ma'aunin pH daga Tashar Aloha.
Canji a pH tun farkon juyin juya halin masana'antu. Yanayin RCP<sub id="mwAV0">2</sub>.6 shine "ƙananan fitar da CO2". Yanayin RCP8.5 shine "babban fitar da CO2".[15]
Page 'Tropical cyclones and climate change' not found

Sikeli na lokaci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yawancin abubuwa masu alaƙa da teku na tsarin yanayi suna amsawa sannu a hankali ga dumama. Misali, acidisation na zurfin teku zai ci gaba har dubban shekaru, kuma haka ne ga karuwar abun cikin zafi na teku. : 43 Hakazalika, hauhawar matakin teku zai ci gaba har tsawon ƙarni ko ma dubban shekaru koda kuwa an kawo hayakin gas zuwa sifili, saboda jinkirin amsawar kankara ga dumama da ci gaba da ɗaukar zafi ta teku, wanda ke fadada lokacin da ya yi zafi.[16] : 77 :77

Tasiri a kan mahalli na zahiri

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hawan matakin teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Page 'Arctic sea ice decline' not found

Yawancin biranen bakin teku za su fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata da kuma bayan haka. ::1318 Rashin ruwa na gida, wanda zai iya zama na halitta amma ana iya ƙara shi ta hanyar aikin ɗan adam, na iya kara Ambaliyar bakin teku.[17] Ambaliyar ruwa ta bakin teku za ta yi barazana ga daruruwan miliyoyin mutane nan da shekara ta 2050, musamman a Kudu maso gabashin Asiya.[17]

Page 'Antarctic sea ice#Recent trends and climate change' not found

Canjin ruwan teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Ocean_acidification#Complexity of research findings' not found
Raƙuman ruwa a bakin tekun

Ocean currents are caused by temperature variations caused by sunlight and air temperatures at various latitudes, as well as prevailing winds and the different densities of salt and fresh water. Warm air rises near the equator. Later, as it moves toward the poles, it cools again. Cool air sinks near the poles, but warms and rises again as it moves toward the equator. This produces Hadley cells, which are large-scale wind patterns, with similar effects driving a mid-latitude cell in each hemisphere.[page needed][<span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>needed</span>] Wind patterns associated with these circulation cells drive surface currents which push the surface water to higher latitudes where the air is colder.[18][page needed][<span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity"> </span>needed</span>] This cools the water, causing it to become very dense in comparison to lower latitude waters, causing it to sink to the ocean floor, forming North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) in the north and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the south.

Wannan nutsewa da kuma hauhawar da ke faruwa a ƙananan latitudes, da kuma ƙarfin motsi na iskõki a kan ruwa na sama, ruwan teku yana aiki don zagaya ruwa a duk faɗin teku. Lokacin da aka haɗa dumamar duniya, canje-canje suna faruwa, musamman a wuraren da aka kafa ruwa mai zurfi.[19] Yayin da tekuna masu dumi da kankara da kankara masu kankara suka narke, ana fitar da ruwa mai kyau a cikin yankuna masu zurfi inda ruwa mai zurfi ke samuwa, yana rage yawan ruwan sama. A sakamakon haka, ruwan yana nutsewa a hankali fiye da yadda ya saba.[19]

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) may have weakened since the preindustrial era, according to modern observations and paleoclimate reconstructions (the AMOC is part of a global thermohaline circulation), but there is too much uncertainty in the data to know for certain.:1237 Climate change projections assessed in 2021 indicate that the AMOC is very likely to weaken over the course of the 21st century.[20]:1214 A weakening of this magnitude could have a significant impact on global climate, with the North Atlantic being particularly vulnerable.:19

Duk wani canji a cikin ruwan teku yana shafar ikon teku na sha carbon dioxide (wanda ke shafar zafin jiki na ruwa) da kuma yawan amfanin teku saboda ruwan yana jigilar abubuwan gina jiki (duba Tasirin akan phytoplankton da samar da farko). Saboda yaduwar teku mai zurfi na AMOC yana da jinkiri (yana ɗaukar daruruwan zuwa dubban shekaru don yaduwa a duk teku), yana da jinkirin amsawa ga canjin yanayi. : 137 :137

Ƙara rarrabuwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Ocean acidification#Corals' not found
Direbobin hypoxia da karuwar acidication na teku a cikin tsarin ɗakunan ɗakunan ɗagawa. Iska ta hanyar ma'auni tana fitar da hauhawar ƙananan iskar oxygen (DO), babban abinci mai gina jiki, da ruwan carbon mai yawa (DIC) daga sama da mafi ƙarancin yankin oxygen. Girman giciye-shelf a cikin yawan aiki da lokutan zama na ruwa na kasa yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin DO (DIC) yayin da ruwa ke wucewa a fadin shelf na nahiyar mai amfani.[21]

Canje-canje a cikin daidaitawar teku suna da mahimmanci saboda suna iya yin tasiri ga yawan aiki da matakan oxygen. Rarraba ruwa zuwa yadudduka dangane da yawa ana kiransa stratification. Matsakaici ta yadudduka yana faruwa a duk kwalayen teku. Matsakaicin yadudduka suna iyakance yawan haɗuwar ruwa a tsaye, yana rage musayar zafi, carbon, oxygen da barbashi tsakanin babban teku da ciki.[1] Tun daga shekara ta 1970, an sami ƙaruwa a cikin tekun sama saboda ɗumamar yanayi kuma, a wasu yankuna, canjin gishiri[2]. Canje-canjen salinity yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙazantar ruwa a cikin ruwan zafi, wanda ke haifar da salinity mafi girma da matakan yawa. A halin yanzu, narkewar ƙanƙara na iya haifar da raguwar gishiri a mafi girman latitudes.[2]

Yanayin zafi, salinity da matsin lamba duk suna tasiri ga yawan ruwa. Kamar yadda ruwan sama sau da yawa ya fi zafi fiye da ruwan da ke da zurfi, ba su da yawa, wanda ke haifar da rarrabuwa.[22] Wannan rarrabuwa tana da mahimmanci ba kawai a cikin samar da Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation ba, wanda ke da yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi a duniya, amma kuma yana da mahimmanci saboda rarraba yana sarrafa motsi na abubuwan gina jiki daga ruwa mai zurfi zuwa farfajiya. Wannan yana kara yawan amfanin teku kuma yana da alaƙa da kwararar ruwa mai saukowa wanda ke ɗaukar iskar oxygen daga yanayi da ruwan sama zuwa cikin teku mai zurfi.

Rage matakan iskar oxygen

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Effects of climate change on fisheries' not found
Taswirar duniya na ƙananan matakan iskar oxygen a cikin teku da ruwan bakin teku. Taswirar ta nuna wuraren da ke bakin teku inda abubuwan gina jiki na mutum suka haifar da raguwar iskar oxygen zuwa ƙasa da 2 MG L-1 (ja dots), da kuma yankunan iskar oxygen na teku a mita 300 (yanki masu launin shudi). [23]

Canjin yanayi yana da tasiri a kan iskar oxygen ta teku, a yankunan bakin teku da kuma a cikin teku.[23]

Tekun da aka bude yana da wasu yankuna na ƙananan iskar oxygen, wanda aka sani da ƙananan yankuna na iskar oxygen. Wadannan yankuna an ware su daga iskar oxygen ta hanyar yaduwar teku. A lokaci guda, ana cinye iskar oxygen lokacin da aka rushe kwayoyin halitta daga ruwa. Wadannan yankunan teku masu karancin iskar oxygen suna fadada ne sakamakon dumamar teku wanda ke rage yaduwar ruwa kuma yana rage abun da ke cikin iskar oxygen na wannan ruwa, yayin da solubility na iskar oxygen ke raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke tashi.[24]

An kiyasta yawan iskar oxygen na teku ya ragu da kashi 2% a cikin shekaru 50 daga shekarun 1960. [24] Yanayin yaduwar teku yana nufin cewa gabaɗaya waɗannan yankuna masu ƙarancin iskar oxygen sun fi bayyana a cikin Tekun Pacific. Rashin iskar oxygen yana wakiltar damuwa ga kusan dukkanin Dabbobi na ruwa. Ƙananan matakan iskar oxygen suna haifar da yankuna tare da raguwar fauna. An yi hasashen cewa waɗannan yankunan ƙananan iskar oxygen za su faɗaɗa a nan gaba saboda canjin yanayi, kuma wannan yana wakiltar mummunar barazana ga rayuwar ruwa a cikin waɗannan yankunan mafi ƙarancin iskar oxygen.    

Yankin damuwa na biyu yana da alaƙa da ruwan bakin teku inda karuwar wadataccen abinci daga koguna zuwa yankunan bakin teku ke haifar da karuwar samarwa da nutsewar kwayoyin halitta wanda a wasu yankuna na bakin teku ke kaiwa ga matsanancin karancin iskar oxygen, wani lokacin ana kiransa yankuna masu mutuwa.[25] Wadannan yankuna masu mutuwa suna fadada musamman ta hanyar kara yawan abubuwan gina jiki, amma kuma an kara su ta hanyar kara girman teku wanda canjin yanayi ya haifar.

Tekuna suna canzawa zuwa kore

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Binciken Hoton tauraron dan adam ya nuna cewa tekuna suna canzawa a hankali yayin da canjin yanayi ke ci gaba. An gano canjin launi ga mafi yawan wuraren teku na duniya kuma yana iya zama saboda sauye-sauyen yawan plankton wanda canjin yanayi ya haifar.[26] Akwai shaidar cewa wannan kuma na iya haifar da duhu na teku inda canje-canje ga kaddarorin gani na ruwa ke hana haske shinge cikin zurfi.[27][28]

Canje-canje ga tsarin yanayi na Duniya da tsarin iska

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Polar bear conservation#Climate change' not found

Canjin yanayi da kuma yanayin zafi na teku zai haifar da canje-canje masu yawa ga yanayin duniya da tsarin yanayi ciki har da karuwar Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da tsananin yanayi da kuma matsanancin yanayi tare da wasu yankuna da suka zama masu laushi da wasu sun bushe. Ana hasashen sauye-sauyen iska don kara girman raƙuman ruwa a wasu yankuna. [20][29] : 1310 :1310

Ƙarfafa guguwa ta wurare masu zafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar "ya ci gaba da dumi teku wanda ke ba da ƙwaƙwalwar abubuwan da suka gabata".[30] Sakamakon shine mafi girman yanayin zafi na teku da kuma yanayin zafi na ruwa. Hakanan, wannan "yana ƙarfafa Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi don sa su fi karfi, babba, tsawo kuma suna ƙara ruwan sama mai yawa".[30] Ɗaya daga cikin misalai shine Guguwar Harvey a cikin 2017.[30]

Page 'Dolphin#Impacts of climate change' not found

Canjin gishiri

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'North Atlantic right whales#Climate change' not found

Saboda dumama na duniya da karuwar narkewar kankara, ana iya canza tsarin yaduwar thermohaline ta hanyar karuwar ruwan sha da aka saki cikin teku kuma, sabili da haka, canza salinity na teku. Yankin thermohaline yana da alhakin kawo sanyi, ruwa mai gina jiki daga zurfin teku, tsari da aka sani da upwelling.

Ruwan teku ya ƙunshi ruwa mai laushi da gishiri, kuma yawan gishiri a cikin ruwan teku ana kiransa salinity. Gishiri ba ya narkewa, don haka hazo da narkewar ruwa mai laushi yana tasiri sosai. Saboda haka canje-canje a cikin sake zagayowar ruwa suna bayyane sosai a cikin ma'aunin salinity, wanda aka sani tun daga shekarun 1930.[3][31]

Rubuce-rubucen lura na dogon lokaci sun nuna bayyane: tsarin salinity na duniya yana ƙaruwa a wannan lokacin.[32] Wannan yana nufin cewa yankunan da ke da gishiri sun zama mafi gishiri, kuma yankunan da ba su da gishiri. Yankunan da ke da babban salinity sun mamaye evaporation, kuma karuwar salinity ya nuna cewa evaporation yana ƙaruwa har ma da yawa. Haka kuma ya faru da yankunan da ke da karancin gishiri waɗanda ke zama marasa gishiri, wanda ke nuna cewa hazo yana ƙara karuwa.[33]

Raguwar kankara da canje-canje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rashin kankara na teku yana faruwa a cikin Arctic fiye da Antarctica, inda ya fi zama batun canzawa yanayin kankara na ruwa.

  1. ↑ Cheng, Lijing; Abraham, John; Hausfather, Zeke; Trenberth, Kevin E. (11 January 2019). "How fast are the oceans warming?". Science. 363 (6423): 128–129. Bibcode:2019Sci...363..128C. doi:10.1126/science.aav7619. PMID 30630919. S2CID 57825894.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :12
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cheng, Lijing; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Gruber, Nicolas; Abraham, John P.; Fasullo, John T.; Li, Guancheng; Mann, Michael E.; Zhao, Xuanming; Zhu, Jiang (2020). "Improved Estimates of Changes in Upper Ocean Salinity and the Hydrological Cycle". Journal of Climate. 33 (23): 10357–10381. Bibcode:2020JCli...3310357C. doi:10.1175/jcli-d-20-0366.1.
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SROCC_SPM_20190925
  5. ↑ Top 700 meters: Lindsey, Rebecca; Dahlman, Luann (6 September 2023). "Climate Change: Ocean Heat Content". climate.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. ● Top 2000 meters: "Ocean Warming / Latest Measurement: December 2022 / 345 (± 2) zettajoules since 1955". NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023.
  6. ↑ "The Oceans Are Heating Up Faster Than Expected". scientific american. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
  7. ↑ "Global Annual Mean Surface Air Temperature Change". NASA. Archived from the original on 16 April 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  8. ↑ Cheng, Lijing; Abraham, John; Zhu, Jiang; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Fasullo, John; Boyer, Tim; Locarnini, Ricardo; Zhang, Bin; Yu, Fujiang; Wan, Liying; Chen, Xingrong (February 2020). "Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019". Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (in Turanci). 37 (2): 137–142. Bibcode:2020AdAtS..37..137C. doi:10.1007/s00376-020-9283-7. S2CID 210157933.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :110
  10. ↑ Gille, Sarah T. (2002-02-15). "Warming of the Southern Ocean Since the 1950s". Science. 295 (5558): 1275–1277. Bibcode:2002Sci...295.1275G. doi:10.1126/science.1065863. PMID 11847337. S2CID 31434936.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :10
  12. ↑ Barkhordarian, Armineh; Nielsen, David Marcolino; Baehr, Johanna (2022-06-21). "Recent marine heatwaves in the North Pacific warming pool can be attributed to rising atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases". Communications Earth & Environment (in Turanci). 3 (1): 131. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3..131B. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00461-2. ISSN 2662-4435.
  13. ↑ "Climate Change Indicators: Sea Level / Figure 1. Absolute Sea Level Change". EPA.gov. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). July 2022. Archived from the original on 4 September 2023. Data sources: CSIRO, 2017. NOAA, 2022.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Anticipating Future Sea Levels". EarthObservatory.NASA.gov. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021.
  15. ↑ Gattuso, J.-P.; Magnan, A.; Billé, R.; Cheung, W. W. L.; Howes, E. L.; Joos, F.; Allemand, D.; Bopp, L.; Cooley, S. R.; Eakin, C. M.; Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Kelly, R. P.; Pörtner, H.-O.; Rogers, A. D.; Baxter, J. M. (3 July 2015). "Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO 2 emissions scenarios" (PDF). Science. 349 (6243): aac4722. doi:10.1126/science.aac4722. PMID 26138982. S2CID 206639157. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2022.
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :15
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Nicholls, Robert J.; Lincke, Daniel; Hinkel, Jochen; Brown, Sally; Vafeidis, Athanasios T.; Meyssignac, Benoit; Hanson, Susan E.; Merkens, Jan-Ludolf; Fang, Jiayi (2021). "A global analysis of subsidence, relative sea-level change and coastal flood exposure". Nature Climate Change (in Turanci). 11 (4): 338–342. Bibcode:2021NatCC..11..338N. doi:10.1038/s41558-021-00993-z. S2CID 232145685 Check |s2cid= value (help). Archived from the original on 2022-08-10. Retrieved 2022-11-21.
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :11
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Trenberth, K; Caron, J (2001). "Estimates of Meridional Atmosphere and Ocean Heat Transports". Journal of Climate. 14 (16): 3433–43. Bibcode:2001JCli...14.3433T. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<3433:EOMAAO>2.0.CO;2. Archived from the original on 2022-10-28. Retrieved 2022-10-28.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AR6_WG1_Chapter9
  21. ↑ Gewin, Virginia (August 2010). "Oceanography: Dead in the water". Nature. 466 (7308): 812–814. doi:10.1038/466812a. PMID 20703282. S2CID 4358903.
  22. ↑ Li, Guancheng; Cheng, Lijing; Zhu, Jiang; Trenberth, Kevin E.; Mann, Michael E.; Abraham, John P. (December 2020). "Increasing ocean stratification over the past half-century". Nature Climate Change. 10 (12): 1116–1123. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10.1116L. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-00918-2. S2CID 221985871. Archived from the original on 2023-01-10. Retrieved 2022-10-21.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Breitburg, Denise; Levin, Lisa A.; Oschlies, Andreas; Grégoire, Marilaure; Chavez, Francisco P.; Conley, Daniel J.; Garçon, Véronique; Gilbert, Denis; Gutiérrez, Dimitri; Isensee, Kirsten; Jacinto, Gil S.; Limburg, Karin E.; Montes, Ivonne; Naqvi, S. W. A.; Pitcher, Grant C. (5 January 2018). "Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters". Science. 359 (6371): eaam7240. Bibcode:2018Sci...359M7240B. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240. PMID 29301986. S2CID 206657115.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Oschlies, Andreas; Brandt, Peter; Stramma, Lothar; Schmidtko, Sunke (2018). "Drivers and mechanisms of ocean deoxygenation". Nature Geoscience (in Turanci). 11 (7): 467–473. Bibcode:2018NatGe..11..467O. doi:10.1038/s41561-018-0152-2. S2CID 135112478.
  25. ↑ Breitburg, Denise; Levin, Lisa A.; Oschlies, Andreas; Grégoire, Marilaure; Chavez, Francisco P.; Conley, Daniel J.; Garçon, Véronique; Gilbert, Denis; Gutiérrez, Dimitri; Isensee, Kirsten; Jacinto, Gil S.; Limburg, Karin E.; Montes, Ivonne; Naqvi, S. W. A.; Pitcher, Grant C. (2018). "Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters". Science (in Turanci). 359 (6371): eaam7240. Bibcode:2018Sci...359M7240B. doi:10.1126/science.aam7240. PMID 29301986. S2CID 206657115.
  26. ↑ Cael, B. B.; Bisson, Kelsey; Boss, Emmanuel; Dutkiewicz, Stephanie; Henson, Stephanie (2023). "Global climate-change trends detected in indicators of ocean ecology". Nature. 619 (7970): 551–554. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06321-z.
  27. ↑ Davies, Thomas W.; Smyth, Tim (2025). "Darkening of the Global Ocean". Global Change Biology (in Turanci). 31 (5): e70227. doi:10.1111/gcb.70227. ISSN 1365-2486. PMC 12107402 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 40421554 Check |pmid= value (help).
  28. ↑ Johnson, Doug; Magazine, Hakai (2021-02-14). "Coastal Darkening Is a Hidden Environmental Nuisance". The Atlantic (in Turanci). Retrieved 2025-06-03.
  29. ↑ Odériz, I.; Silva, R.; Mortlock, T.R.; Mori, N.; Shimura, T.; Webb, A.; Padilla-Hernández, R.; Villers, S. (2021-06-16). "Natural Variability and Warming Signals in Global Ocean Wave Climates". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (11). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893622O. doi:10.1029/2021GL093622. S2CID 236280747 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Trenberth, Kevin E.; Cheng, Lijing; Jacobs, Peter; Zhang, Yongxin; Fasullo, John (2018). "Hurricane Harvey Links to Ocean Heat Content and Climate Change Adaptation". Earth's Future (in Turanci). 6 (5): 730–744. Bibcode:2018EaFut...6..730T. doi:10.1029/2018EF000825.
  31. ↑ Wolfgang Missing or empty |title= (help)
  32. ↑ Durack, Paul J.; Wijffels, Susan E. (2010-08-15). "Fifty-Year Trends in Global Ocean Salinities and Their Relationship to Broad-Scale Warming". Journal of Climate (in Turanci). 23 (16): 4342–4362. Bibcode:2010JCli...23.4342D. doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3377.1.
  33. ↑ "Marine pollution, explained". National Geographic (in Turanci). 2019-08-02. Archived from the original on 2020-06-14. Retrieved 2020-04-07.

Samfuri:Climate change

Tasirin a kan hanyoyin halittu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Misalan tasirin da aka tsara da rauni ga kamun kifi da ke da alaƙa da canjin yanayi

Ayyukan teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Ocean_acidification#Complexity of research findings' not found

Tsarin photosynthesis a cikin teku yana fitar da iskar oxygen kuma yana cinye carbon dioxide. Wannan photosynthesis a cikin teku ya mamaye phytoplankton - microscopic free-floating algae. Bayan tsire-tsire sun girma, lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta na kwayoyin halitta da aka kafa ta hanyar photosynthesis a cikin teku yana cinye iskar oxygen kuma ya saki carbon dioxide. Rashin nutsewa da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta na wasu kwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan teku mai zurfi, a zurfin inda ruwan ba ya hulɗa da yanayi, yana haifar da raguwa a cikin iskar oxygen da ƙaruwa a cikin carbon dioxide, carbonate da bicarbonate. Wannan zagaye na carbon dioxide a cikin teku wani muhimmin bangare ne na zagaye na duniya.

The photosynthesis in surface waters consumes nutrients (e.g. nitrogen and phosphorus) and transfers these nutrients to deep water as the organic matter produced by photosynthesis sinks upon the death of the organisms. Productivity in surface waters therefore depends in part on the transfer of nutrients from deep water back to the surface by ocean mixing and currents. The increasing stratification of the oceans due to climate change therefore acts generally to reduce ocean productivity. However, in some areas, such as previously ice covered regions, productivity may increase. This trend is already observable and is projected to continue under current projected climate change. [failed verification] In the Indian Ocean for example, productivity is estimated to have declined over the past sixty years due to climate warming and is projected to continue.[1]

Ayyukan teku a ƙarƙashin yanayin fitarwa mai yawa (RCP8.5) mai yiwuwa zai sauka da 4-11% ta hanyar 2100. ::452 Raguwar za ta nuna bambancin yanki. Misali, teku mai zafi NPP zai ragu sosai: da kashi 7-16% don wannan yanayin fitarwa.[2] ::452 Ƙananan kwayoyin halitta zasu iya nutsewa daga teku na sama zuwa zurfin teku saboda karuwar yaduwar teku da raguwar samar da abinci mai gina jiki.[2] ::452 Rage yawan amfanin teku ya faru ne saboda "sakamakon haɗuwa na dumama, stratification, haske, abubuwan gina jiki da predation".[2] : 452 :452

Kwayoyin calcifying da acidization na teku

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Ocean acidification#Corals' not found

Fure-fure masu lahani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Effects of climate change on fisheries' not found

Kodayake ba a fahimci direbobi na algal flooms (HABs) ba, sun bayyana sun karu da kewayon da mitar a yankunan bakin teku tun daga shekarun 1980. : 16 Wannan shine sakamakon abubuwan da mutum ya haifar kamar karuwar abubuwan gina jiki (ƙazantar da abinci mai gina jiki) da canjin yanayi (musamman dumama yanayin zafi na ruwa). [3] : 16 Sigogin da ke shafar kafa HABs sune dumama teku, zafi na ruwa, asarar iskar oxygen, eutrophication da gurɓataccen ruwa. ::582 Wadannan karuwa a cikin HABs suna da damuwa saboda tasirin da suka faru a kan tsaron abinci na gida, yawon bude ido da tattalin arziki.[3] : 16 :16

Duk da haka kuma yana yiwuwa cewa karuwar da aka gani a cikin HABs a duniya kawai saboda tasirin fure mai tsanani da ingantaccen saka idanu kuma ba saboda canjin yanayi ba. : 463 :463

Tasirin a kan coral reefs da kamun kifi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ruwan murjani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Dolphin#Impacts of climate change' not found
Ruwan murjani na Staghorn a cikin Babban Barrier Reef .

Duk da yake wasu nau'o'in ruwa masu motsi na iya yin ƙaura don amsawa ga canjin yanayi, wasu kamar murjani suna samun wannan da wuya sosai. coral reef wani tsarin halittu ne na karkashin ruwa wanda ke da alamun corals na reef. Reefs an kafa su ne ta hanyar yankuna na coral polyps da aka riƙe tare da calcium carbonate.[4] Coral reefs sune muhimman cibiyoyin halittu masu yawa kuma suna da mahimmanci ga miliyoyin mutane waɗanda suka dogara da su don kariya ta bakin teku, abinci da kuma ci gaba da yawon bude ido a yankuna da yawa.[5]

Corals na ruwa mai zafi a bayyane yake suna raguwa, tare da asarar kashi 50% a cikin shekaru 30-50 da suka gabata saboda barazanar da yawa daga dumamar teku, ƙarancin teku, gurɓata da lalacewar jiki daga ayyukan kamar kamun kifi. Ana sa ran waɗannan matsin za su kara tsanantawa.[5]

Rashin zafi na teku na iya haifar da furewar murjani wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da / ko mutuwar murjani. Rahoton Bincike na shida na IPCC a cikin 2022 ya gano cewa: "Tun daga farkon shekarun 1980, mitar da tsananin abubuwan da suka faru na murjani sun karu sosai a duk duniya". ::416 Marine heatwaves sun haifar da mutuwar coral reef mass.[6] ::381 Ana sa ran cewa yawancin coral reefs za su sha wahala da canje-canje da ba za a iya juyawa ba saboda ruwan zafi na ruwa tare da yanayin zafi na duniya yana ƙaruwa da fiye da 1.5 ° C.[6] :382 

Coral bleaching yana faruwa ne lokacin da damuwa mai zafi daga teku mai zafi ke haifar da fitar da algae na symbiotic wanda ke zaune a cikin ƙwayoyin murjani. Wadannan algae masu kama da juna sune dalilin haske, launuka masu haske na coral reefs.[7] Karin 1-2 ° C mai ɗorewa a yanayin zafi na ruwan teku ya isa ya faru, wanda ya juya murjani fari. Idan an yi wa murjani mai tsawo na dogon lokaci, mutuwa na iya haifar. A cikin Great Barrier Reef, kafin 1998 babu irin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru. Abu na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1998 kuma bayan haka, sun fara faruwa akai-akai. Tsakanin 2016 da 2020 akwai uku daga cikinsu.

Baya ga murfin murjani, rage darajar pH a cikin teku kuma matsala ce ga coral reefs saboda acidization na teku yana rage nau'ikan halittu na algae na murjani.[8] Ilimin ilimin lissafi na coralline algal calcification yana ƙayyade yadda algae zai amsa ga acidity na teku.[8]

Page 'North Atlantic right whales#Climate change' not found

Tasirin kamun kifi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'Polar bear conservation#Climate change' not found

Tasirin da ke kan dabbobi masu shayarwa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yankunan da wuraren zama da suka shafi musamman

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Wasu tasirin a kan Dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, musamman wadanda ke cikin Arctic, suna da kai tsaye kamar asarar mazaunin, damuwa game da zafin jiki, da kuma fuskantar yanayi mai tsanani. Sauran tasirin sun fi kai tsaye, kamar canje-canje a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, canje-canje cikin yanayin jiki saboda hulɗar mai farauta da ganima, canje-canjen bayyanar guba da hayakin , da haɓaka hulɗar ɗan adam.[9] Duk da tasirin tasirin da zafin teku ke yi a kan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, har yanzu ba a fahimci matsalar duniya ta dabbobi masu shan ruwa ga dumamar duniya ba.[10]

Dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa sun samo asali ne don rayuwa a cikin teku, amma canjin yanayi yana shafar mazauninsu na halitta.[11][12][13][14] Wasu nau'o'in bazai daidaita da sauri ba, wanda zai iya haifar da halaka.[15]

An yi la'akari da cewa dabbobi masu shayarwa na Arctic sune mafi rauni a fuskar canjin yanayi saboda raguwar da aka lura da kuma hasashen raguwar kankara na Arctic. Koyaya, bincike ya nuna cewa Tekun Arewacin Pacific, Tekun Greenland da Tekun Barents suna karɓar bakuncin nau'in da suka fi fuskantar yanayin zafi na duniya.[10] An riga an gano Arewacin Pacific a matsayin wuri mai zafi don barazanar ɗan adam ga dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa kuma yanzu kuma wuri ne mai zafi don rauni ga dumamar duniya.[16] Dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa a wannan yankin za su fuskanci haɗari sau biyu daga ayyukan ɗan adam (misali, zirga-zirgar ruwa, gurɓataccen ruwa da ci gaban man fetur da iskar gas) da kuma dumamar duniya, tare da yiwuwar ƙarin ko tasirin haɗin gwiwa. A sakamakon haka, waɗannan yanayin halittu suna fuskantar sakamakon da ba za a iya juyawa ba ga aikin yanayin halittu na ruwa.[10]

Kwayoyin ruwa yawanci suna fuskantar yanayin zafi mai ɗorewa idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan ƙasa kuma saboda haka suna iya zama masu hankali ga canjin zafin jiki fiye da kwayoyin ƙasa.[17] Sabili da haka, dumamar teku zai haifar da ƙaurawar ƙaruwar nau'ikan, yayin da nau'ikan da ke cikin haɗari ke neman wurin zama mafi dacewa. Idan yanayin teku ya ci gaba da tashi, to wasu fauna na iya motsawa zuwa ruwa mai sanyi kuma wasu nau'o'in kewayon na iya ɓacewa daga ruwan yankin ko fuskantar raguwar duniya.[17] Canji a cikin yalwar wasu nau'o'in zai canza albarkatun abinci da ke akwai ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda hakan zai haifar da sauye-sauyen halittu masu shayar da ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, idan jinsin ba su iya samun nasarar ƙaura zuwa yanayin da ya dace ba, zai kasance cikin haɗarin halaka idan ba zai iya daidaitawa da yanayin zafi na teku ba.

Rashin kankara na teku na Arctic yana haifar da asarar mazaunin kankara na ruwa, hauhawar ruwa da zafin iska, da karuwar yanayin yanayi mai tsanani. Rashin mazaunin kankara na teku zai rage yawan ganima ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, musamman bears.[18] Canje-canje na kankara na teku na iya samun tasiri na kai tsaye a kan lafiyar dabbobi saboda canje-canje a cikin yaduwar cututtuka, tasiri a kan yanayin jikin dabbobi saboda sauye-sauye a cikin abincin abinci na dabba, da kuma karuwar bayyanar da guba sakamakon karuwar mazaunin mutum a cikin mazaunin Arctic.[19]

Hawan matakin teku yana da mahimmanci yayin kimanta tasirin dumamar yanayi a kan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, tunda yana shafar yanayin bakin teku wanda nau'in dabbobi masu rarrafe na ruwa suka dogara da shi.[20]

Bears na polar

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Wani beyar polar yana jiran a cikin Fall don kankara ta teku ta samo asali.

Alamomi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Roxy, Mathew Koll; Modi, Aditi; Murtugudde, Raghu; Valsala, Vinu; Panickal, Swapna; Prasanna Kumar, S.; Ravichandran, M.; Vichi, Marcello; Lévy, Marina (2016). "A reduction in marine primary productivity driven by rapid warming over the tropical Indian Ocean". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (2): 826–833. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43..826R. doi:10.1002/2015GL066979. S2CID 96439754.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :10
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named SROCC_SPM_20190925
  4. ↑ "How Reefs Are Made". Coral Reef Alliance. 2021. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove; Poloczanska, Elvira S.; Skirving, William; Dove, Sophie (2017). "Coral Reef Ecosystems under Climate Change and Ocean Acidification". Frontiers in Marine Science. 4: 158. doi:10.3389/fmars.2017.00158.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :4
  7. ↑ Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Mumby, P. J.; Hooten, A. J.; Steneck, R. S.; Greenfield, P.; Gomez, E.; Harvell, C. D.; Sale, P. F.; Edwards, A. J.; Caldeira, K.; Knowlton, N.; Eakin, C. M.; Iglesias-Prieto, R.; Muthiga, N.; Bradbury, R. H. (14 December 2007). "Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification". Science. 318 (5857): 1737–1742. Bibcode:2007Sci...318.1737H. doi:10.1126/science.1152509. PMID 18079392. S2CID 12607336. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cornwall, Christopher E.; Harvey, Ben P.; Comeau, Steeve; Cornwall, Daniel L.; Hall-Spencer, Jason M.; Peña, Viviana; Wada, Shigeki; Porzio, Lucia (January 2022). "Understanding coralline algal responses to ocean acidification: Meta-analysis and synthesis". Global Change Biology. 28 (2): 362–374. doi:10.1111/gcb.15899. PMID 34689395 Check |pmid= value (help). S2CID 239767511 Check |s2cid= value (help). |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  9. ↑ Burek, Kathy A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.; O'Hara, Todd M. (2008). "Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Marine Mammal Health". Ecological Applications. 18 (2): S126–S134. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S.126B. doi:10.1890/06-0553.1. JSTOR 40062160. PMID 18494366.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Albouy, Camille; Delattre, Valentine; Donati, Giulia; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Albouy-Boyer, Severine; Rufino, Marta; Pellissier, Loïc; Mouillot, David; Leprieur, Fabien (December 2020). "Global vulnerability of marine mammals to global warming". Scientific Reports (in Turanci). 10 (1): 548. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10..548A. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57280-3. PMC 6969058. PMID 31953496.
  11. ↑ Harwood, John (1 August 2001). "Marine mammals and their environment in the twenty-first century". Journal of Mammalogy. 82 (3): 630–640. doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0630:MMATEI>2.0.CO;2.
  12. ↑ Simmonds, Mark P.; Isaac, Stephen J. (5 March 2007). "The impacts of climate change on marine mammals: early signs of significant problems". Oryx. 41 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1017/s0030605307001524.
  13. ↑ Tynan, Cynthia T.; DeMaster, Douglas P. (1997). "Observations and Predictions of Arctic Climatic Change: Potential Effects on Marine Mammals" (PDF). Arctic. 50 (4): 308–322. doi:10.14430/arctic1113. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2022-04-01. Animals have a high risk of mortality.
  14. ↑ (RJA ed.). Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ↑ Laidre, Kristin L.; Stirling, Ian; Lowry, Lloyd F.; Wiig, Øystein; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Ferguson, Steven H. (January 1, 2008). "Quantifying the Sensitivity of Arctic Marine Mammals to Climate-Induced Habitat Change". Ecological Applications. 18 (2): S97–S125. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S..97L. doi:10.1890/06-0546.1. JSTOR 40062159. PMID 18494365.
  16. ↑ Avila, Isabel C.; Kaschner, Kristin; Dormann, Carsten F. (May 2018). "Current global risks to marine mammals: Taking stock of the threats". Biological Conservation. 221: 44–58. Bibcode:2018BCons.221...44A. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2018.02.021.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Yao, Cui-Luan; Somero, George N. (February 2014). "The impact of ocean warming on marine organisms". Chinese Science Bulletin (in Turanci). 59 (5–6): 468–479. Bibcode:2014ChSBu..59..468Y. doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0113-0. S2CID 98449170.
  18. ↑ Derocher, A. E. (2004-04-01). "Polar Bears in a Warming Climate". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 44 (2): 163–176. doi:10.1093/icb/44.2.163. PMID 21680496. S2CID 13716867.
  19. ↑ Burek, Kathy A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.; O'Hara, Todd M. (March 2008). "Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Marine Mammal Health". Ecological Applications. 18 (sp2): S126–S134. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S.126B. doi:10.1890/06-0553.1. PMID 18494366.
  20. ↑ Glick, Patrick; Clough, Jonathan; Nunley, Brad. "Sea-Level Rise and Coastal Habitats in the Chesapeake Bay Region" (PDF). National Wildlife Federation. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2014.

Seals wani dabba ne mai shayarwa wanda ke iya fuskantar canjin yanayi.[1] Kamar bears, wasu nau'ikan seal sun samo asali ne don dogaro da kankara na teku. Suna amfani da dandamali na kankara don kiwo da kiwon kananan yara. A cikin 2010 da 2011, kankara na teku a Arewa maso Yammacin Atlantic ya kasance a ko kusa da ƙananan hatimi da harp da hatimi mai laushi waɗanda suka haifa a kan kan kankara sun ga ƙaruwar mutuwar.[2][3] Alamun furen Antarctic a Kudancin Georgia a Kudancin Tekun Atlantika sun ga raguwa mai tsanani a cikin binciken shekaru 20, lokacin da masana kimiyya suka auna karuwar yanayin zafin teku.[4]

Dolphins

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Canjin yanayi ya yi tasiri sosai ga nau'ikan dolphin daban-daban. Misali: A cikin Bahar Rum, karuwar Yanayin zafi na teku, salinity, tsananin tashi, da matakan teku sun haifar da raguwar albarkatun ganima, wanda ya haifar da raguwa mai zurfi a cikin ƙarancin dolphin na yau da kullun a cikin Bahar Maliya, wanda aka rarraba shi a matsayin mai haɗari a shekara ta 2003.[5] A Yankin Tarihin Duniya na Shark Bay a Yammacin Ostiraliya, yawan mutanen yankin na dolphin na Indo-Pacific sun sami raguwa mai mahimmanci bayan guguwar zafi a cikin 2011. [6] Dolphins na kogi suna da tasiri sosai ta hanyar canjin yanayi yayin da yawan evaporation, karuwar yanayin zafi na ruwa, raguwar ruwan sama, da karuwar acidization ke faruwa.[7]Samfuri:Climate change

Kayan kifi na Arewacin Atlantic

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Page 'North Atlantic right whales#Climate change' not found

Sakamakon da za a iya samu

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sakin methane daga methane clathrate

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Hawan yanayin zafi na teku yana da damar yin tasiri ga tafkunan methane_clathrate" id="mwBSc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Methane clathrate">methane clathrate da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa na teku. Wadannan suna kama adadi mai yawa na gas mai guba, wanda dumama teku ke da damar saki. Koyaya, a halin yanzu ana ɗaukar cewa ba zai yiwu ba cewa gas clathrates (yawanci methane) a cikin subsea clathrates zai haifar da "tafiyar da za a iya ganowa daga hanyar fitarwa a wannan ƙarni". : 107 :107

A shekara ta 2004 an kiyasta lissafin duniya na nau'ikan methane na teku don zama tsakanin kilomita miliyan ɗaya zuwa biyar.[8]

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Blue carbon
  • Tsayar da carbon
  • Tasirin canjin yanayi a kan kasashe tsibirin
  • Tasirin canjin yanayi akan sake zagayowar ruwa
  • Rahoto na Musamman kan Tekun da Cryosphere a cikin Canjin Yanayi (2019)
  • Tashar canjin yanayi
  • Tashar jiragen ruwa

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Laidre, Kristin L.; Stirling, Ian; Lowry, Lloyd F.; Wiig, Øystein; Heide-Jørgensen, Mads Peter; Ferguson, Steven H. (January 1, 2008). "Quantifying the Sensitivity of Arctic Marine Mammals to Climate-Induced Habitat Change". Ecological Applications. 18 (2): S97–S125. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18S..97L. doi:10.1890/06-0546.1. JSTOR 40062159. PMID 18494365.
  2. ↑ Stenson, G. B.; Hammill, M. O. (2014). "Can ice breeding seals adapt to habitat loss in a time of climate change?". ICES Journal of Marine Science (in Turanci). 71 (7): 1977–1986. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsu074.
  3. ↑ Ferguson, Steven H.; Young, Brent G.; Yurkowski, David J.; Anderson, Randi; Willing, Cornelia; Nielsen, Ole (2017). "Demographic, ecological, and physiological responses of ringed seals to an abrupt decline in sea ice availability". PeerJ. 5. doi:10.7717/peerj.2957. PMC 5292026. PMID 28168119.
  4. ↑ Forcada, Jaume; Trathan, P. N.; Reid, K.; Murphy, E. J. (2005). "The Effects of Global Climate Variability in Pup Production of Antarctic Fur Seals". Ecology. 86 (9): 2408–2417. Bibcode:2005Ecol...86.2408F. doi:10.1890/04-1153. JSTOR 3451030.
  5. ↑ Cañadas, A.; Vázquez, J.A. (2017-07-01). "Common dolphins in the Alboran Sea: Facing a reduction in their suitable habitat due to an increase in Sea surface temperature". Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (in Turanci). 141: 306–318. Bibcode:2017DSRII.141..306C. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.03.006.
  6. ↑ Wild, Sonja; Krützen, Michael; Rankin, Robert W.; Hoppitt, William J.E.; Gerber, Livia; Allen, Simon J. (2019-04-01). "Long-term decline in survival and reproduction of dolphins following a marine heatwave". Current Biology (in Turanci). 29 (7): R239–R240. Bibcode:2019CBio...29.R239W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.047. PMID 30939303. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  7. ↑ Gomez-Salazar, Catalina; Coll, Marta; Whitehead, Hal (December 2012). "River dolphins as indicators of ecosystem degradation in large tropical rivers". Ecological Indicators. 23: 19–26. Bibcode:2012EcInd..23...19G. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.034.
  8. ↑ Milkov, A. V. (2004). "Global estimates of hydrate-bound gas in marine sediments: How much is really out there?". Earth-Science Reviews. 66 (3–4): 183–197. Bibcode:2004ESRv...66..183M. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.11.002.

Haɗin waje

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Samfuri:Climate change

Daga "https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tasirin_canjin_yanayi_a_kan_teku&oldid=685456"