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Tasirin canjin yanayi akan kiwon lafiya a Ƙasar Ingila

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Tasirin canjin yanayi akan kiwon lafiya a Ƙasar Ingila
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Canjin yanayi a Burtaniya, Illar sauyin yanayi kan lafiyar dan adam da health in the United Kingdom (en) Fassara
Fuskar public health in the United Kingdom (en) Fassara, medicine (en) Fassara, Guguwar zafi da canjin yanayi
Ƙasa Birtaniya
Ciyawa mai ƙonewa a Landan a lokacin guguwar zafi ta 2022.

Canjin yanayi ya riga ya shafi lafiyar jiki da tunani na mutane a Burtaniya.[1][2] Yanayin kasar yana kara zafi, tare da lokacin rani da ya fi bushewa da hunturu mai laushi. Barazanar kiwon lafiya saboda canjin yanayi a Burtaniya sun hada da raƙuman zafi, ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, gurɓataccen iska da sabbin Cututtukan cututtuka, da sauransu.

Rashin lafiyar da ke tattare da dogaro da man fetur.

Ruwa mai zafi ya ba da gudummawa ga dubban Mutuwa a kowace bazara, musamman a birane.[3] Ba tare da Rage canjin yanayi ko daidaitawa ba, mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi na iya ƙaruwa sau shida a cikin shekarun 2050, musamman yana shafar yara, tsofaffi da mutanen da ke da yanayin da ya riga ya kasance. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na zafi suna haifar da tsarin kiwon lafiya, wanda ke haifar da hauhawar ziyarar gaggawa da kuma fallasa gibin a cikin ababen more rayuwa.

Ambaliyar ruwa a Burtaniya ta gabatar da wata babbar barazana, a halin yanzu tana shafar mutane sama da miliyan shida, tare da wannan adadin da ake sa ran zai karu sosai yayin da yanayin zafi ke ƙaruwa. Baya ga haɗarin jiki, ambaliyar ruwa tana da mummunar tasirin lafiyar kwakwalwa na dogon lokaci, gami da rikicewar damuwa (PTSD). [4] Canjin yanayi kuma yana sauƙaƙa yaduwar cututtuka kamar Cutar Lyme da leptospirosis ta hanyar yanayin zafi da canje-canje na mazaunin da ke kawo mutane cikin kusanci da Kwayoyin da ke dauke da cututtuka.

Canjin yanayi kuma yana shafar ingancin iska na cikin gida da na waje a Burtaniya kamar ba da gudummawa ga lokutan rashin lafiyan a Burtaniya da kuma ba da guddina ga ci gaban ƙira da karuwar pollens da sauran gurɓataccen abu, yana shafar numfashi da Lafiyar zuciya. Bugu da ƙari, rushewar yanayi ga Tsarin abinci yana rage amfanin gona, ƙara dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki, da haɓaka farashin abinci, yana shafar gidaje masu karamin karfi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin abinci, kiba, da cututtukan da suka danganci. Har ila yau, lafiyar kwakwalwa tana da tasiri sosai, tare da matsanancin yanayi da damuwa game da canjin yanayi wanda ke haifar da damuwa, musamman tsakanin matasa.[2]

Burtaniya tana aiki ne don fitar da hayaki a shekara ta 2050, tana mai da hankali kan kawar da makamashi, sufuri, da gidaje. Hukumar Lafiya ta Kasa (NHS) tana aiwatar da matakan juriya don magance matsalolin kiwon lafiya da suka shafi yanayi, yayin da mafita na yanayi kamar shuke-shuke na birane ke rage tasirin.[5][6] Koyaya, rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya, musamman a cikin al'ummomin da ba su da isasshen kuɗi, suna ƙara haɗarin haɗarin yanayi. Magana da waɗannan bambance-bambance yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da sakamako na lafiya daidai yayin da ƙasar ke fuskantar tasirin tasirin canjin yanayi.[7]

Canje-canje ga yanayin Burtaniya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yanayi da yanayi na Ƙasar Ingila sun riga sun shafi canjin yanayi da mutum ya haifar.[1] Yanayin kasar yana kara zafi, tare da lokacin rani da ya fi bushewa da hunturu mai laushi. Yawan da tsananin guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa, fari da raƙuman zafi suna ƙaruwa, kuma hauhawar matakin teku yana tasiri ga yankunan bakin teku. Ana sa ran wannan yanayin zai ci gaba.

Abubuwan da ke faruwa na zafi suna ƙara tsayi, akai-akai da tsananin ƙarfi.[8] Saboda canjin yanayi, 2023 ita ce shekara ta biyu mafi zafi a Burtaniya tare da Yuni mafi zafi a rubuce da kuma guguwar zafi a watan Satumba.[1]

Yanayi mai tsanani

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Zafin zafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Ƙasar Ingila ta sami karuwar gaske a cikin raƙuman zafi masu tsanani.[3] Ƙarin zafi mai tsanani da tsawo na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako na lafiya. matsanancin zafi ya riga ya haifar da mutuwar mutanen da ba za su mutu ba tare da waɗannan abubuwan yanayi ba, musamman a birane.[9][10] A Ingila, a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata akwai karuwar mutuwar saboda dalilai masu alaƙa da zafi.[11] Misali, mutuwar 2,985 - ma'ana mutanen da ba a sa ran mutuwa a wannan lokacin - an rubuta su a lokacin guguwar zafi ta 2022 a Ingila. [3] [12]

Ba tare da Rage canjin yanayi ko matakan daidaitawa ba, ana sa ran mutuwar zafi za ta karu a Burtaniya saboda haɗuwa da canjin yanayi da tsufa na yawan jama'a.[13] Hadarin mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Ba tare da ƙarin daidaitawa ba kuma iyakancewar duniya, mutuwar da ke da alaƙa da zafi na iya ƙaruwa kusan sau 6 daga matsakaicin matsakaicin mutuwar 1,602 a kowace shekara a cikin 2007-2018 zuwa mutuwar 10,889 a kowace shekara cikin shekarun 2050. An kiyasta cewa kowane 1 ° C hauhawar matsakaicin zafin jiki yana da alaƙa da karuwar haɗarin 18% na rashin lafiya da ke da alaƙa ti zafi da kuma karuwar haɗari na mutuwar da ke da alaka da zafi.[14]

Daidaitaccen lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya yana nufin bambance-bambance masu gujewa, marasa adalci da tsarin kiwon lafiya tsakanin kungiyoyi daban-daban na mutane.[15] Misali, tsammanin rayuwa ya bambanta da kusan shekaru goma tsakanin wasu daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta da mafi ƙarancin yankuna na Burtaniya. (misali kimanin shekaru 86 a Kensington & Chelsea da 76 a Blackpool). Hakanan yana da mahimmanci shine tsammanin rayuwa mai lafiya wanda shine yawan shekaru wanda mutum zai iya tsammanin rayuwa cikin koshin lafiya. Ta hanyar wannan ma'auni, rata tsakanin yankunan da suka fi talauci da mafi ƙarancin su na iya zama kusan shekaru ashirin.[16]

Rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya na yanzu na iya tasiri ga rashin lafiyar mutane da al'ummomi ga tasirin canjin yanayi. Rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya ya haɗu da sauran rashin daidaito kamar bambancin sararin samaniya da zamantakewar tattalin arziki. Misali, al'ummomin da suka fi talauci galibi suna da karancin damar samun sararin samaniya a cikin unguwarsu. Wannan yana kara rashin daidaito na kiwon lafiya, kamar yadda waɗannan al'ummomin da suka riga sun fi fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi, suma ba su da ababen more rayuwa kamar wuraren da za su iya rage tasirin canjin sauyin yanayi

Matsayin da matsanancin yanayi ke tasiri ga lafiya - musamman lafiyar kwakwalwa - ba kawai an ƙayyade shi ba ta hanyar halitta ko dalilai na mutum. Har ila yau, tallafin ma'aikata, Rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, yanayin al'umma, da kuma hukumomin mutum suna shafar su. [7]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kendon, Mike; Doherty, Amy; Hollis, Dan; Carlisle, Emily; Packman, Stephen; McCarthy, Mark; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Matthews, Andrew; Williams, Joanne; Garforth, Judith; Sparks, Tim (24 July 2024). "State of the UK Climate 2023". International Journal of Climatology (in Turanci). 44 (S1): 1–117. Bibcode:2024IJCli..44S...1K. doi:10.1002/joc.8553. ISSN 0899-8418. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":0" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Cruz, Joana; White, Piran C. L.; Bell, Andrew; Coventry, Peter A. (19 November 2020). "Effect of Extreme Weather Events on Mental Health: A Narrative Synthesis and Meta-Analysis for the UK". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (in Turanci). 17 (22): 8581. doi:10.3390/ijerph17228581. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 7699288. PMID 33227944. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":7" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Heat mortality monitoring report: 2022". GOV.UK (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 14 December 2024. Retrieved 16 December 2024. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":14" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Lawrance, Emma L.; Thompson, Rhiannon; Newberry Le Vay, Jessica; Page, Lisa; Jennings, Neil (4 July 2022). "The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence, and its Implications". International Review of Psychiatry (in Turanci). 34 (5): 443–498. doi:10.1080/09540261.2022.2128725. ISSN 0954-0261. PMID 36165756 Check |pmid= value (help).
  5. ↑ Ansah, Edward Wilson; Amoadu, Mustapha; Obeng, Paul; Sarfo, Jacob Owusu (29 July 2024). "Health systems response to climate change adaptation: a scoping review of global evidence". BMC Public Health (in Turanci). 24 (1): 2015. doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19459-w. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 11285469 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 39075368 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. ↑ Sowińska-Świerkosz, Barbara; García, Joan (25 January 2022). "What are Nature-based solutions (NBS)? Setting core ideas for concept clarification". Nature-Based Solutions (in Turanci). 2. Bibcode:2022NBS.....200009S. doi:10.1016/j.nbsj.2022.100009.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dodd, Steven; Kragh-Furbo, Mette; Davies, Jessica; Butterfield, Scott; Morris, Abigail; Brown, Heather (30 September 2024). "Health impacts of climate change in the UK: A qualitative synthesis detailing the conjuncture of social structure, extreme weather, and mental health". SSM - Qualitative Research in Health (in Turanci). 6. doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2024.100475. PMC 11650396 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 39697837 Check |pmid= value (help). Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name ":36" defined multiple times with different content
  8. ↑ "Effects of climate change". Met Office (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  9. ↑ Simpson, Charles H.; Brousse, Oscar; Taylor, Tim; Grellier, James; Taylor, Jonathon; Fleming, Lora E.; Davies, Mike; Heaviside, Clare (1 October 2024). "Modeled temperature, mortality impact and external benefits of cool roofs and rooftop photovoltaics in London". Nature Cities (in Turanci). 1 (11): 751–759. doi:10.1038/s44284-024-00138-1. ISSN 2731-9997.
  10. ↑ Heaviside, Clare; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Cai, Xiao-Ming (8 March 2016). "Attribution of mortality to the urban heat island during heatwaves in the West Midlands, UK". Environmental Health (in Turanci). 15 (S1): 27. Bibcode:2016EnvHe..15S..27H. doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0100-9. ISSN 1476-069X. PMC 4895726. PMID 26961286.
  11. ↑ Arbuthnott, Katherine G.; Hajat, Shakoor (5 December 2017). "The health effects of hotter summers and heat waves in the population of the United Kingdom: a review of the evidence". Environmental Health (in Turanci). 16 (S1): 119. Bibcode:2017EnvHe..16S.119A. doi:10.1186/s12940-017-0322-5. ISSN 1476-069X. PMC 5773858. PMID 29219088.
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :1
  13. ↑ Murage, Peninah; Macintyre, Helen L.; Heaviside, Clare; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Fučkar, Neven; Rimi, Ruksana H.; Hajat, Shakoor (14 July 2024). "Future temperature-related mortality in the UK under climate change scenarios: Impact of population ageing and bias-corrected climate projections". Environmental Research (in Turanci). 259. Bibcode:2024ER....25919565M. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119565. PMID 38971356 Check |pmid= value (help). Archived from the original on 15 August 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  14. ↑ Faurie, Clare; Varghese, Blesson M.; Liu, Jingwen; Bi, Peng (6 September 2022). "Association between high temperature and heatwaves with heat-related illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Science of the Total Environment (in Turanci). 852. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.85258332F. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158332. PMID 36041616 Check |pmid= value (help).
  15. ↑ "What Are Health Inequalities?". The King's Fund (in Turanci). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  16. ↑ "Health inequalities in a nutshell". The King's Fund (in Turanci). Retrieved 20 December 2024.
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