Tasirin canjin yanayi akan rayuwar ruwa
 Tasirin canjin yanayi akan rayuwar ruwa |
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Ayyukan ɗan adam suna shafar Rayuwar ruwa da wuraren zama na ruwa ta hanyar Yawan kamun kifi, asarar mazauni, gabatar da nau'ikan da ke mamayewa, gurɓataccen teku, ƙarancin teku da dumamar teku. Wadannan suna tasiri ga yanayin halittu na ruwa da yanar gizo na abinci kuma suna iya haifar da sakamakon da ba a san su ba ga bambancin halittu da ci gaba da siffofin rayuwar ruwa.
Za'a iya bayyana teku a matsayin mafi girman yanayin halittu a duniya kuma gida ne ga nau'ikan halittu masu yawa. Ayyuka daban-daban da mutane ke gudanarwa da kuma haifar da su kamar dumama duniya, acidisation na teku, da gurɓataccen yanayi suna shafar rayuwar ruwa da wuraren zama. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, fiye da kashi 90 cikin dari na dumamar duniya sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam an sha shi cikin teku. Wannan yana haifar da hauhawar yanayin zafi na teku da ƙarancin teku wanda ke da lahani ga nau'in kifi da yawa kuma yana haifar da lalacewar wuraren zama kamar murjani.[3] Tare da kayan samar da murjani kamar dutsen carbonate da sediment na calcareous, wannan yana haifar da tsarin halittu na musamman da mahimmanci ba kawai samar da abinci / gidaje ga halittu na ruwa ba har ma da fa'idodi da yawa ga mutane ma. Acidification na teku wanda ya haifar da hauhawar matakan carbon dioxide yana haifar da furewar murjani inda aka rage yawan calcification yana shafar ci gaban murjani.[4] Bugu da ƙari, wani batun da mutane suka haifar wanda ke tasiri ga rayuwar ruwa shine gurɓataccen filastik na ruwa, wanda ke haifar da barazana ga rayuwar ruwa.[5] A cewar IPCC (2019), tun daga 1950 "nau'in ruwa da yawa a cikin kungiyoyi daban-daban sun sami sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin ƙasa da ayyukan yanayi don mayar da martani ga dumamar teku, canjin kankara na teku da canje-canje na biogeochemical, kamar asarar iskar oxygen, ga mazauninsu.
An kiyasta cewa kashi 13% ne kawai na yankin teku ya kasance a matsayin jeji, galibi a wuraren bude teku maimakon a bakin tekun.[6]
Kifi da yawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yawan kamun kifi yana faruwa a kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tarin kifi na duniya, bisa ga rahoton 2018 na Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Gona ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bugu da kari, masu lura da masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa kamun kifi ba bisa ka'ida ba, ba a bayar da rahoto ba kuma ba a tsara shi ba yana faruwa a mafi yawan kamun kiɗa, kuma yana da asusun har zuwa kashi 30% na jimlar kamawa a wasu mahimman kamun kifa. A cikin wani abu da ake kira kamun kifi a cikin abinci, matsakaicin Matsayin trophic na kamun kifin duniya ya ragu saboda yawan kamun kiɗa mai girma.
Rashin mazaunin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin halittu na bakin teku suna lalacewa musamman ta hanyar mutane.[7] Babban asarar mazaunin yana faruwa musamman a cikin ciyawa na teku, gandun daji na mangrove da coral reefs, dukansu suna cikin raguwar duniya saboda rikice-rikicen ɗan adam.
Coral reefs suna daga cikin mafi yawan samar da halittu daban-daban a duniya, amma kashi ɗaya cikin biyar daga cikinsu sun ɓace a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda rikice-rikicen ɗan adam.[8] Coral reefs sune Tsarin halittu na microbial wanda ke dogaro da microorganisms na ruwa don riƙewa da sake amfani da abubuwan gina jiki don bunƙasa a cikin ruwan oligotrophic. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta guda ɗaya na iya haifar da madauki na ra'ayoyi wanda ke ƙara raguwa a cikin coral reefs, tare da tasirin tasirin da ke faruwa a cikin sake zagayowar biogeochemical da yanar gizo na abinci na ruwa. Ana buƙatar kyakkyawar fahimta game da hadaddun hulɗar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin coral reefs idan kiyayewar reef yana da damar samun nasara a nan gaba.[9]
Yankunan ciyawa sun rasa km2 sq a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Ayyukan yanayin halittu na Seagrass, a halin yanzu suna da kimanin dala tiriliyan 1.9 a kowace shekara, sun haɗa da keken abinci mai gina jiki, samar da abinci da wuraren zama ga dabbobi da yawa na ruwa, gami da dugongs masu haɗari, manatee da turtles masu kore, da manyan sauƙaƙe don kifin coral reef.[7]
Kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na gandun daji na mangrove na duniya sun ɓace tun 1980. [10] Babban barazanar da aka yi wa gandun daji na kelp na iya zama yawan kamun kifi na yanayin halittu na bakin teku, wanda ta hanyar cire matakan trophic mafi girma yana sauƙaƙa sauyawa zuwa lalata Barrens na Urchin.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Halpern, B. S., Frazier, M., Afflerbach, J. et al. (2019) "Recent pace of change in human impact on the world's ocean." Scientific Reports, 9: 11609. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47201-9. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Halpern2019" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Halpern, B. S., Walbridge, S., Selkoe, K. A., Kappel, C. V., Micheli, F., D'agrosa, C., Bruno, J. F., Casey, K. S., Ebert, C., Fox, H. E. and Fujita, R. (2008) "A global map of human impact on marine ecosystems". Science, 319(5865): 948–952. doi:10.1126/science.1149345.
- ↑ "5 ways that climate change affects the ocean". www.conservation.org. Retrieved 2022-12-09.
- ↑ Kawahata, Hodaka; Fujita, Kazuhiko; Iguchi, Akira; Inoue, Mayuri; Iwasaki, Shinya; Kuroyanagi, Azumi; Maeda, Ayumi; Manaka, Takuya; Moriya, Kazuyoshi; Takagi, Haruka; Toyofuku, Takashi; Yoshimura, Toshihiro; Suzuki, Atsushi (2019-01-17). "Perspective on the response of marine calcifiers to global warming and ocean acidification—Behavior of corals and foraminifera in a high CO2 world "hot house"". Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. 6 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/s40645-018-0239-9. ISSN 2197-4284.
- ↑ Villarrubia-Gómez, Patricia; Cornell, Sarah E.; Fabres, Joan (2018-10-01). "Marine plastic pollution as a planetary boundary threat – The drifting piece in the sustainability puzzle". Marine Policy (in Turanci). 96: 213–220. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.035. ISSN 0308-597X.
- ↑ Jones, K. R., Klein, C. J., Halpern, B. S., Venter, O., Grantham, H., Kuempel, C. D., Shumway, N., Friedlander, A. M., Possingham, H. P. and Watson, J. E. (2018) "The location and protection status of Earth's diminishing marine wilderness". Current Biology, 28(15): 2506–2512. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Waycott, M., Duarte, C. M., Carruthers, T. J., Orth, R. J., Dennison, W. C., Olyarnik, S., Calladine, A., Fourqurean, J. W., Heck, K. L., Hughes, A. R. and Kendrick, G. A. (2009) "Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems". Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 106(30): 12377–12381. doi:10.1073/pnas.0905620106. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Waycott2009" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Zainal Abidin, Siti Zulaiha; Mohamed, Badaruddin (2014). Othuman Mydin, M. A.; Marzuki, A. (eds.). "A Review of SCUBA Diving Impacts and Implication for Coral Reefs Conservation and Tourism Management". SHS Web of Conferences. 12: 01093. doi:10.1051/shsconf/20141201093. ISSN 2261-2424.
- ↑ Vanwonterghem, I. and Webster, N. S. (2020) "Coral reef microorganisms in a changing climate". Iscience, 23(4). doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.100972.
- ↑ "2010a. ""World Atlas of Mangroves" Highlights the Importance of and Threats to Mangroves: Mangroves among World's Most Valuable Ecosystems." Press release. Arlington, Virginia". The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 2010-07-17. Retrieved 2014-01-25.