Tasirin mai akan namun daji
 Tasirin mai akan namun daji | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
hazardous chemical exposure (en)  |
| Has cause (en) | fetur |
Fuskantar mai (man fetur) na iya haifar da lahani na waje da na ciki ga dabbobi. Yana da tasiri mafi girma akan nau'in tsuntsaye, dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, da sauran halittun ruwa. Ana iya gano namun dajin da abin ya shafa ta hanyar duban gani da ido, kuma ana iya yi musu magani idan an same su da wuri. Manyan hanyoyin samun irin wannan man a muhallin sun hada da zubewar mai ta bazata daga wuraren da ke bakin teku, da tankunan mai, da bututun mai, da sauran wuraren da ake ajiyewa da sarrafa mai.[1]
Dalili
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban abin da ke haifar da namun daji ga mai shi ne malalar mai. Yawan zubewar mai yana faruwa a kusa da hanyoyin jigilar mai, bututu, rijiyoyi da matatun mai.[2] Zubewar mai yana da tasiri mai tsanani a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi da farkon watanni na bazara, saboda yawan yawan tsuntsayen da ke kan kankara suna taruwa a kusa da bakin teku. Ruwan mai na Deepwater Horizon (wanda aka fi sani da BP Oil Spill) ya kashe sama da tsuntsaye 8,000, kunkuru na ruwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba a cikin 2010.
Dabbobi suna yin mu'amala da mai kai tsaye, kuma suna iya sha, shaka ko sha. Dabbobi kuma na iya zama gurɓata ta hanyar cin wasu gurɓatattun dabbobi.
Nau'in da abin ya shafa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kowace dabba na iya yin hulɗa kai tsaye tare da malalar mai. Duk da haka, nau'in magudanar ruwa sun fi yin tasiri sakamakon malalar mai.
Tsuntsaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Daga cikin nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'o'in nau'in mai kai tsaye ya shafa, tsuntsaye ne mafi yawan abin ya shafa. Tsuntsaye da ke gida kusa da bakin tekun sun fi shafa, ciki har da loons (Gavia spp.), grebes (Family: Podicipedidae), murres (Uria spp.), pelicans (Family: Pelecanidae), da penguins (Family: Spheniscidae). Nau’in tsuntsu da nau’in mai na iya bambanta illar da ke tattare da shi. Tsuntsaye da abin ya shafa sukan mutu saboda rashin ƙarfi, yunwa, gajiya, ko nutsewa. Tsuntsaye da aka fallasa ga mai suna zama masu saurin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka saboda raguwar aikin rigakafi.
Tsuntsaye suna iya saduwa da mai ta hanyar bayyanar da su kai tsaye, wanda ke haifar da sha, shakarwa, da sha. Tsuntsaye da aka lulluɓe da mai suna rasa abin rufe fuska da hana ruwa na gashin fuka-fukan su, kuma suna iya shan mai a lokacin girb Tsuntsun da aka lulluɓe da mai yana rasa ikon sarrafa zafin jiki, tashi, da yawo akan ruwa. Shan mai na iya haifar da lalacewar huhu, hanta da koda, wanda galibi yakan kai ga mutuwa. Haka kuma man zai iya shafar ƙwai da matan da abin ya shafa suka yi, sau da yawa yakan haifar da mutuwar juna biyu ko kuma rashin nauyin haihuwa. 5-20 microliters na man zai iya kashe embryos idan kwan ya hadu. Qwai da aka ajiye kafin zubewar mai kuma na iya lalacewa idan dabbar da abin ya shafa ta zauna a gida.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna fama da zubewar mai ta hanyoyi da yawa da tsuntsaye suke yi, da suka hada da lalacewar gabobin jiki, danne tsarin garkuwar jiki, haushin fata, da sauye-sauyen hali. Gabaɗaya yana shafar dabbobi masu shayarwa na ƙasa waɗanda ke ciyar da sauran dabbobin da abin ya shafa waɗanda ke fuskantar mai kai tsaye. Wannan ya haɗa da masu saɓo, kamar ƙwanƙwasa da skunks Yana shafar nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa na ruwa, gami da otters na teku (Enhydra lutris), whales (Order: Cetacea), dolphins (Suborder: Odontoceti), hatimi (Clade: Pinnipedia), da manatees (Trichechus spp.) Masu shayarwa na teku suna daga cikin mafi saurin kamuwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin ruwa, saboda mai yana katse ikon da suke da shi na kama iska a cikin gashin gashinsu don yin rufi.
Sauran dabbobi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sauran nau'o'in, irin su kunkuru na ruwa (Superfamily: Chelonioidea), kifaye, da kifin kifi kuma na iya yin illa ga zubewar mai. Kunkuru na teku na iya shafar idan sun koma bakin teku don yin ƙwai. Kifi yana tasiri da man da ake ɗauka ta hanji da tsarin narkewar su. Is Yawancin nau'in kifin kifi na iya tsira daga kamuwa da mai, amma suna tara adadi mai yawa a cikin jikinsu
Man da ke cikin ruwa na iya gurɓatar da algae, plankton, da ƙwayen kifi, wanda hakan ke lalata kifin da ke ciyar da su.
Alamun asibiti
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana iya ganin dabbobin da mai ya shafa a waje ko kuma ta hanyar wari. A wani haske, mai na iya zama da wahala a gano shi a zahiri. Hakanan ana iya gano dabbobi a ciki ta hanyar necropsy ta hanyar gano hydrocarbons na man fetur a cikin kitsensu, hanta, ko kyallen koda Don kimanta lalacewa, mutuwar dabbar dole ne ta faru bayan zubar mai.
Tsananin lalacewa ya yi daidai da adadin man da ya zubar da kuma yadda dabbar ke kamuwa da mai. Duk da haka, ƙaramin zubewa a lokacin da ya fi dacewa ko yanayi na iya samun tasiri mai ƙarfi fiye da babban zubewa a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Har ila yau, cudanya da mai na iya haifar da makanta, wanda ke dakushe damar da dabbobi ke iya yin gasar cin abinci ko kuma su guje wa maguzanci.[3]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Franson, J Christian; Friend, Milton (1999). Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases (PDF). USA. pp. 309–316. ISBN 978-0-607-88096-0. ITR1999-0001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2013-11-15.
- ↑ How does the BP Oil Spill Impact Wildlife and Habitat, National Wildlife Federation, archived from the original on 9 April 2016, retrieved 24 October 2013
- ↑ Effects of Oil on Wildlife and Habitat (PDF), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, June 2010