Tawayen Kaocen

Tawayen Kaocen

18°16′37″N 7°59′58″E
Iri	rebellion (en) revolt (en)
Bangare na	Yakin Duniya na I
Kwanan watan	1916
Wuri	Nijar
Ƙasa	Nijar

Tawayen Kaocen Tawayen da Abzinawa ce ta yi wa turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a yankin da ke kusa da tsaunin Aïr na arewacin Nijar a tsakanin shekarun 1916-17.

1916 rising

Ag Mohammed Wau Teguidda Kaocen (1880-1919) shine jagoran Abzinawa na tashin hankalin Faransa. Mai bin tsarin addini na Sunusiya Sufi mai adawa da Faransa, Kaocen shine Amenokal (shugaban) na ƙungiyar Abzinawa ta Ikazkazan.

Kaocen ya sha kai hare-hare da yawa, galibi marasa yanke shawara, kan sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa daga akalla shekara ta 1909. A lokacin da shugabancin Sanusiya a garin Fezzan oasis na Kufra (a Libya ta zamani) ya shelanta Jihadi kan Turawan mulkin mallaka na Faransa a watan Oktoban 1914, Kaocen ya haɗa dakarunsa. Tagama, Sultan na Agadez ya shawo kan sojojin Faransa cewa ƙungiyoyin Abzinawa sun kasance masu aminci, kuma tare da taimakonsa, sojojin Kaocen sun sanya sansanin a ƙarƙashin shinge a ranar 17 ga watan Disamba 1916. Maharan Abzinawa, waɗanda yawansu ya kai 1,000, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kaocen da ɗan uwansa Mokhtar Kodogo, ɗauke da bindigogi masu maimaitawa da kuma bindiga guda ɗaya da aka kwace daga hannun Italiya a Libya, sun fatattaki ginshikan 'yan agaji na Faransa. Sun kwace dukkan manyan garuruwan Aïr, da suka haɗa da Ingall, Assodé, da Aouderas, inda suka sanya abin da ke arewacin Nijar a yau ƙarƙashin ikon 'yan tawaye sama da watanni uku.

Danniya

A ƙarshe a ranar 3 ga watan Maris 1917, wani babban sojojin Faransa, wanda aka aike shi daga Zinder, ya sassauta sansanin Agadez kuma ya fara kwace garuruwan 'yan tawaye. An ɗauki babban ramuwar gayya a ƙasar Faransa a kan garuruwan, musamman a kan 'yan gudun hijirar cikin gida duk da cewa da yawa ba Abzinawa ba ne kuma ba su goyi bayan tawayen ba. Takaitacciyar hukuncin kisa da Faransawa suka yi a bainar jama'a a Agadez da Ingall kaɗai ya kai 130. Su ma 'yan tawayen Abzinawa sun kai hare-hare da dama.

Yayin da Kaocen ya gudu daga arewa, sojojin gida suka rataye shi a Mourzouk a shekarar 1919, sannan Faransawa sun kashe Mokhtar Kodogo a shekarar 1920, lokacin da aka yi galaba a kan tawayen da ya jagoranta tsakanin Toubou da Fula a masarautar Damagaram.

Yanayi

Tawayen da Kaocen ya jagoranta wani lamari ne kacal a tarihin rigingimun da ke ci gaba da faruwa tsakanin wasu kungiyoyin Abzinawa da Faransawa. A cikin shekarar 1911, tashin Firhoun, Amenokal na Ouelimaden ya murkushe a Ménaka, kawai ya sake bayyana a arewa maso gabashin Mali bayan tserewa daga hannun Faransa a shekarar 1916.

Kungiyoyin Abzinawa da yawa sun ci gaba da yakar Faransawa (da Italiyawa bayan mamayewarsu na Libya a shekarar 1911) tun zuwansu a cikin shekaru goma na karshe na ƙarni na 19. Wasu kuma sun kori su zuwa tawaye saboda tsananin fari na shekarun 1911-14, ta hanyar harajin Faransa da kama raƙuma don taimakawa wasu cin nasara, da kuma kawar da Faransa na cinikin bayi, wanda ya jagoranci yawancin al'ummomin yankin da suka kasance a baya don yin tawaye ga mulkin gargajiya da haraji daga Tuareg makiyaya.

Tunawa da tashe-tashen hankula da kashe-kashen da aka yi a baya ya kasance a cikin zukatan Abzinawa na wannan zamani, wanda ake kallonsa a matsayin wani babban fafutuka na nuna adawa da mulkin mallaka, kuma a cikin wasu a matsayin wani ɓangare na gwagwarmayar neman ‘yancin cin gashin kai bayan samun ‘yancin kai daga gwamnatocin Nijar da ma makwabtanta.

Tawayen Kaocen kuma za a iya sanya shi cikin dogon tarihin rikicin Abzinawa da ƙabilun Songhay da Hausawa a kudu maso tsakiyar Sahara wanda ya koma akalla kwace Agadez da Daular Songhay ta yi a shekara ta 1500 AZ, ko ma hijira na farko na Berber Abzinawa zuwa kudu zuwa Aïr a ƙarni na 11 zuwa 13 AZ.

Rikice-rikice na ci gaba da wanzuwa tun bayan samun ‘yancin kai, inda manyan Abzinawa suka taso a yankin Adrar des Ifoghas na ƙasar Mali a tsakanin shekarar 1963-64, da tashe tashen hankula na 1990 a Mali da Nijar, da kuma sake yin tada ƙayar baya tun a tsakiyar shekarun 2000 (duba Tawayen Abzinawa na biyu).

Duba kuma

• Ayyukan soji a Arewacin Afirka a lokacin yakin duniya na daya

Sources

• Decalo, Samuel (1979). Historical Dictionary of Niger. London and New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-1229-0.
• Geels, Jolijn (2006). Niger. London: Bradt. ISBN 1-84162-152-8. 
•  Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 0-521-22505-1.
• Idrissa, Kimba (2003). "The Kawousan War reconsidered". In Abbink, Jon; de Bruijn, Mirjam; van Walraven, Klaus (eds.). Rethinking Resistance: Revolt and Violence in African History. Leiden and Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 191–217. hdl:1887/12904.

Kara karantawa

• Fuglestad, Finn (1973). "Les révoltes des Touaregs du Niger (1916–1917)". Cahiers d'Études Africaines. Paris: Mouton – École des hautes études en sciences sociales. 13 (49): 82–121. doi:10.3406/cea.1973.2727.
• Salifou, Ali (1973). "Kawousan ou la révolte sénoussiste". Études nigériennes. Niamey. 33. OCLC 2014965.