Tawayen RENAMO (2013-2021)
| Iri | rikici |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | Satumba 2014 |
| Wuri | Mozambik |
Rikicin RENAMO ya kasance yakin basasa ne da mayakan jam'iyyar RENAMO suka yi kuma daya daga cikin bangarorin da suka rabu a Mozambique. [1] An yi la'akari da ta'addanci a matsayin bayan yakin basasar Mozambican; ya haifar da sabunta tashin hankali tsakanin RENAMO da hadin gwiwar FRELIMO na Mozambique game da zargin cin hanci da rashawa da kuma sakamakon da aka yi jayayya da babban zaben 2014.[2]
An sanar da tsagaita wuta tsakanin gwamnati da 'yan tawaye a watan Satumbar 2014. Koyaya, sabunta tashin hankali ya haifar da tashin hankali a tsakiyar shekara ta 2015.
A ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 2019, Shugaba Filipe Nyusi da shugaban RENAMO Ossufo Momade sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya a sansanin soja na RENAMO a tsaunukan Gorongosa don kawo karshen tashin hankali.[3] Yawancin sauran mayakan RENAMO daga baya sun mika makaman su.[4] Wani yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta sanya hannu kan Nyusi da Momade a filin zaman lafiya na Maputo a ranar 6 ga watan Agusta 2019. [5] Koyaya, wata ƙungiya mai rarrabuwa da aka sani da "RENAMO Military Junta" (RMJ) ta ci gaba da tayar da kayar baya. A watan Fabrairun 2021, yawancin RMJ sun mika wuya, kodayake wasu 'yan kalilan sun kasance a yankunan karkara ba tare da kaddamar da wasu hare-hare ba.[1][6] RMJ ta daina wanzuwa a watan Disamba na 2021, lokacin da mambobinta na ƙarshe suka mika wuya.[7]
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) a shekara ta 1976 bayan samun 'yancin kai na Mozambican daga Portugal kuma sun haɗa da wasu sabbin ma'aikata daban-daban da suka haɗu da su ta hanyar adawa da sabuwar gwamnatin Marxist FRELIMO ta kasar, gami da tsoffin sojojin mulkin mallaka da masu ficewa daga sojojin bayan' yancin kai da jami'an tsaro.[1] An haɗa su cikin ƙungiyar yaƙi ta Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation da Special Air Service, kuma lambobin RENAMO sun karu zuwa kusan 2,000 a ƙarshen 1979.[1] Masu fafutuka sun yi aiki a matsayin 'yan kallo ga rundunonin soja na Rhodesia da ke kai hare-hare zuwa Mozambique, sun kaddamar da hare-hare a kan manyan ƙauyuka, da kuma lalata ababen more rayuwa daga Oktoba 1979 zuwa gaba.[1] Har ila yau, reshen siyasa na RENAMO yana aiki da tashar rediyo, Muryar Afirka Mai 'Yanci, tana watsa farfagandar adawa da kwaminisanci daga Rhodesia.[1] Yakin ya karu sosai tsakanin 1982 da 1984, lokacin da RENAMO ta kai hari kuma ta lalata hanyoyin sadarwa, hanyar sadarwa da hanyar dogo, da mahimman kayan aikin tattalin arziki.[2] Ya haɗu a wannan lokacin tare da Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Halin Mozambique (PRM), wata ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye da FRELIMO, kuma ya sami horo da tallafi daga gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu.[2] Abin da ya fara ne a matsayin rikici mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ya karu zuwa tawaye mai tasiri, sannan babban yakin basasa wanda ya kashe 'yan Mozambik miliyan ɗaya kuma ya haifar da babban yanayin' yan gudun hijira a kudancin Afirka.[2] A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, RENAMO ta mallaki kimanin kashi 25% na yankin Mozambique, musamman a kusa da lardunan Manica, Sofala, da Zambezia
Ƙarshen Yaƙin Cold da shiga FRELIMO ga bukatun RENAMO na dimokuradiyya na jam'iyyun da yawa a cikin 1990 sun tabbatar da tsagaita wuta da tattaunawar kasashen biyu da gwamnatocin Yamma suka tallafawa. Dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun yi sulhu da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Roma a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1992. An dakatar da adadi mai yawa na mayakan a bangarorin biyu daidai da haka.[8] Zaben da aka gudanar a shekarar 1994 ya dawo da kusan kashi 33.7% na kuri'un dan takarar shugaban kasa na RENAMO Afonso Dhlakama . [8] Dhlakama kuma ta dauki kujeru 112 na majalisa kuma ta lashe rinjaye a cikin biyar daga cikin larduna goma sha ɗaya na kasar.[8] Sakamakon zaben, wanda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ke sa ido sosai, an ayyana su kyauta da adalci.[8]
A lokacin zagaye na biyu na Babban Zabe da aka shirya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999, inda FRELIMO ta sami mafi rinjaye na kuri'un da aka kada, RENAMO ta kalubalanci tsarin zabe kuma ta yi zargin cin hanci da rashawa.[8] A cikin shekara ta 2000 an gudanar da zanga-zangar RENAMO da yawa a manyan biranen Mozambican kamar Maputo da Beira.[9] Gwamnati ta yi mulki a kan zanga-zangar ba bisa ka'ida ba, kuma jami'an tsaro sun kashe wasu daga cikin masu zanga-zambe. A Montepuez, wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikicen titi tsakanin masu zanga-zangar da 'yan sanda wanda ya bar mutum ɗari da suka mutu.[9] Wasu mutane tamanin sun mutu a hannun 'yan sanda.[10] Wasu masu zanga-zangar sun fara lalata dukiyar jihar da kuma mamaye gine-ginen hukuma, yayin da taron magoya bayan FRELIMO karkashin jagorancin tsoffin mayakan yakin basasa suka mayar da martani ta hanyar lalata hedkwatar RENAMO.[9] Yanayin siyasa mai rikitarwa ya kara girgiza lokacin da 'yan bindiga da ba a san su ba suka mamaye ofishin 'yan sanda a Nampula, inda suka kashe biyar. FRELIMO ta yi iƙirarin cewa masu adawa da RENAMO ne ke da alhakin.[8] A watan Janairun 2002 gwamnati ta sanya magoya bayan RENAMO da yawa a gaban shari'a saboda tawaye.[8]
Farfadowar tashin hankali a shekara ta 2000 da kuma zaben da aka yi a shekara ta 1999, da kuma nadin sabbin gwamnonin larduna, dukansu an san su da 'yan jam'iyyar FRELIMO, sun haifar da ci gaba da rushe dangantakar da ke tsakanin jam'iyyun biyu da ke fada.[8]
Tun daga wannan lokacin, goyon baya ga RENAMO ya ragu a zaben Mozambique. Afonso Dhlakama a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012 ya fara sake horar da tsofaffin tsoffin sojoji da ke neman "sabon tsarin siyasa". Wannan ya biyo bayan korafe-korafe cewa tsarin siyasa bai isa ya hada kai ba kuma ba a raba kudaden ci gaban tattalin arziki yadda ya kamata ba. RENAMO ta sake komawa ga makamai, tana mai nuna tsoron tsaron shugabansu.
Jerin lokaci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Maimaitawa (Afrilu 2013-Agusta 2014)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ayyukan RENAMO sun sake tashi a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, lokacin da rikice-rikicen makamai suka ɓarke tare da harin RENAMO a wani ofishin 'yan sanda a Muxungue .
RENAMO ta shiga cikin rikice-rikice biyu a watan Agustan 2013, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar sojoji da 'yan sanda 36 na Mozambique bisa ga sanarwar RENAMOs; an sanya adadi na kafofin watsa labarai na cikin gida sosai idan aka kwatanta, suna ba da rahoton mutuwar 2 kawai.
A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2013 wani hari na gwamnati a kan sansanin RENAMO a Lardin Sofala ya haifar da mutuwar 'yan tawaye daya.
A watan Janairun shekara ta 2014, an kashe mutum 1 kuma biyar sun ji rauni a wani kwanton bauna na Muxungue da RENAMO ta yi. A farkon watan Janairun 2014, ƙarin mambobi shida na Sojojin Tsaro da Tsaro na Mozambican a Gundumar Homoine.
An zargi mambobin RENAMO da kashe 'yan sanda hudu da kuma raunata wasu biyar a gundumar Mozambique ta Gorongosa a farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 2014.
RENAMO ta sanar da "tsayar da wuta", wanda shugabansu Afonso Dhlakama ya ba da umarni, a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2014.
A ranar 15 ga Mayu 2014 RENAMO ta kashe 'yan sanda biyu a yankin Morutane na Gundumar Mocuba (lardin Zambezia).
A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2014 da 1 ga Yuni 2014 RENAMO ta yi iƙirarin kashe sojoji 20 a yankin Muxungue . [11] A ranar 2 ga Yuni 2014 Antonio Muchanga (mai magana da yawun kungiyar) ya yi iƙirarin cewa "Ya zuwa yau, babu tabbacin motsi". Bayanan RENAMO game da soke yarjejeniyar ita ce da'awar cewa gwamnati tana tara sojoji a gundumar Sofala ta Gorongosa don kashe Dhlakama, wanda ke zaune a tushe a kan gangaren tsaunukan Gorongosa.[12]
A ranar 4 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2014 ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta RENAMO ta kashe mutane 3, inda ta kai hari kan motar motoci a kan babbar hanyar arewa maso kudu. A farkon wannan makon mutane 7 sun ji rauni a wannan wuri ta hanyar RENAMO a cikin irin wannan yanayi.
Harkokin tsagaita wuta (Agusta 2014-Fabrairu 2015)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cascais, Antonio (28 August 2019). "'No peace, no election in Mozambique': RENAMO junta leader tells DW". DW. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2021. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Cascais" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Mozambique army destroys rebel base: police". South African Associated Press. 12 September 2016. Archived from the original on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
- ↑ "Mozambique president, Renamo leader sign peace deal". Archived from the original on 28 April 2023.
- ↑ "Mozambique President, Opposition Leader Sign Peace Agreement". August 2019. Archived from the original on 22 April 2023.
- ↑ "Mozambique rivals sign peace deal". 8 August 2019. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022.
- ↑ Renon, Eva (5 April 2021). "Terrorism in Mozambique's Cabo Delgado province: Examining the data and what to expect in the coming years". IHS Markit. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
- ↑ "Mozambique: End of Renamo Military Junta, says UN envoy – AIM". Club of Mozambique. 3 December 2021. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 (Catriona ed.). OCLC Preston Check
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNhema - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFire - ↑ William Felimao (2 June 2014). "Mozambique's Renamo Says Cease-Fire Over as 20 Military Killed". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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