Teburin ruwa

teburin ruwa shine saman yankin phreatic ko yankin saturation. Yankin saturated shine inda pores da fractures na ƙasa suka cika da Ruwa na ƙasa, ^[1] wanda zai iya zama sabo, saline, ko brackish, dangane da yankin. Hakanan ana iya bayyana shi kawai a matsayin zurfin da ƙasa ta cika. Yankin da ke sama da teburin ruwa shine Yankin vadose. Ana iya ganin shi a matsayin "farfa" na kayan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa waɗanda aka cika da ruwan ƙasa a cikin wani yanki.

A cikin ƙasa mai laushi, teburin ruwa ya zauna a saman inda matsin ruwa ya yi daidai da Matsin yanayi (inda matsin lamba = 0). A cikin ƙasa inda aikin capillary yake da ƙarfi, ana ja teburin ruwa sama, yana samar da gefen capillary.

ruwan sama na iya zama daga hazo ko daga ruwan ƙasa mai nisa da ke gudana cikin ruwa. A yankunan da ke da isasshen hazo, ruwa yana shiga cikin sarari a cikin ƙasa, yana wucewa ta cikin yankin da ba a cika shi ba. A zurfin zurfi, ruwa ya cika da karin sarari a cikin ƙasa, har sai an kai wani yanki na saturation. A ƙasa da teburin ruwa, a cikin yankin saturating, yadudduka na dutse mai shiga wanda ke samar da ruwa mai zurfi ana kiransu aquifers. A cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin ruwa, kamar ƙuƙwalwar dutse mai ƙarfi da kuma ajiyar tafkin tarihi, teburin ruwa na iya zama da wuya a bayyana.

"Teburin ruwa" da "matakin ruwa" ba daidai ba ne. Idan wani ruwa mai zurfi yana da ƙananan sashi wanda ke iyakance kwararar sama, to matakin ruwa a cikin wannan ruwa na iya tashi zuwa matakin da ya fi girma ko ƙasa da tsawo na ainihin teburin ruwa. Girman ruwa a cikin wannan rijiyar da ta fi zurfi ya dogara da matsin lamba a cikin ruwa mai zurfi kuma ana kiransa da farfajiyar yiwuwar, ba teburin ruwa ba.

Kafawa

Teburin ruwa na iya bambanta saboda canje-canje na yanayi kamar hazo da evapotranspiration. A cikin yankuna marasa ci gaba tare da ƙasa mai narkewa wanda ke karɓar isasshen hazo, teburin ruwa yawanci yana gangara zuwa koguna waɗanda ke aiki don fitar da ruwan sama kuma ya saki matsin lamba a cikin ruwa. Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, koguna, tabkuna da oasis suna faruwa lokacin da teburin ruwa ya kai saman. Ruwa mai zurfi da ke shiga koguna da tabkuna yana da asusun matakan ruwa a cikin ruwa.^[2]

Yanayin ƙasa

A cikin ruwa, teburin ruwa yana da wuya a kwance, amma yana nuna sauƙin farfajiyar saboda tasirin capillary (capillary fringe) a cikin ƙasa, sediments da sauran kafofin watsa labarai. A cikin ruwa, ruwan kasa yana gudana daga maki na matsin lamba zuwa maki na matsi mafi ƙanƙanta, kuma jagorancin ruwan kasa yana da bangare na kwance da na tsaye. An san gangaren teburin ruwa a matsayin "hydraulic gradient", wanda ya dogara da yawan abin da aka kara ruwa kuma aka cire shi daga ruwa da kuma shigar kayan. Teburin ruwa ba koyaushe yake kwaikwayon yanayin ƙasa ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin yanayin ƙasa (misali, ninka, kuskure, karyewar dutse).

Tebur na ruwa

Tebur na ruwa mai zurfi (ko mai zurfi) wani ruwa ne wanda ke faruwa sama da teburin ruwa na yanki. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da akwai wani nau'i mai zurfi na dutse ko lakabi (aquiclude) ko kuma wani nau'in da ba shi da ruwa (aquitard) sama da babban teburin ruwa / mai zurfi amma a ƙasa. Idan kwararar ruwa da ke tsaye ta haɗu da farfajiyar, a bangon kwarin, alal misali, ana fitar da ruwa a matsayin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.

Canje-canje

Ruwa

A kan tsibirai masu ƙasƙanci da ƙasa mai laushi, ruwan sha yana tattarawa a cikin tafkunan Lenticular a saman ruwan teku mai yawa wanda ke shiga daga bangarorin tsibirin. Irin wannan ruwan tabarau na tsibirin, kuma ta haka ne teburin ruwa, ya tashi ya fadi tare da raƙuman ruwa.

Lokaci-lokaci

A wasu yankuna, alal misali, Biritaniya ko California, ruwan sama na hunturu sau da yawa ya fi ruwan sama na rani don haka ba a sake caji ruwan kasa a lokacin rani ba. Sakamakon haka, teburin ruwa yana da ƙasa a lokacin rani. Wannan bambancin tsakanin matakin hunturu da teburin ruwa na rani an san shi da "yanki na satar lokaci-lokaci", inda teburin ruwan zai canza saboda yanayin yanayi.

Tsawon Lokaci

Ruwa mai burbushin ruwa ne wanda ya kasance a cikin ruwa na dubban shekaru kuma yana faruwa galibi a cikin hamada. Ba za a iya sabunta shi da Ruwan sama na yau da kullun ba saboda zurfinsa a ƙasa da farfajiyar, kuma duk wani hakar yana haifar da canji na dindindin a cikin teburin ruwa a irin waɗannan yankuna.

Tasirin amfanin gona

Yawancin amfanin gona suna buƙatar teburin ruwa a mafi ƙarancin zurfi. Ga wasu muhimman abinci da amfanin gona na fiber an rarraba shi saboda a zurfin zurfin amfanin gona yana fama da raguwar amfanin gona.

Shuka da wurin	Tolerance na DWT	Rarraba	Bayani
Alkama, Delta na Nilu, Misira	45	Mai haƙuri sosai	Yana tsayayya da teburin ruwa mai zurfi
Cutar sukari, Ostiraliya	60	Mai haƙuri	Teburin ruwa ya kamata ya kasance mai zurfi fiye da 60 cm
Banana, Surinam	70	Ƙananan damuwa	Rashin amfanin gona a teburin ruwa < 70 cm zurfi
Cotton, Delta na Nilu	90	Mai hankali	Cotton yana buƙatar ƙafafun bushe, teburin ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi

(inda DWT = zurfin zuwa teburin ruwa a cikin centimeters)

Tasirin gini

Teburin ruwa da ke kusa da saman yana shafar haƙa rami, magudanar ruwa, harsashi, rijiyoyi da filayen magudanar ruwa (a yankunan da ba su da ruwan birni da tsafta), da sauransu..

Idan aka yi tono ƙasa kusa da teburin ruwa har ta kai ga aikin bututun ruwa, dole ne a cire ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa yayin gini. Wannan abin a bayyane yake a Berlin, wanda aka gina a kan ƙasa mai yashi, mai dausayi, kuma teburin ruwan gabaɗaya yana da mita 2 a ƙasa da saman. Sau da yawa ana iya ganin bututun ruwan hoda da shuɗi suna ɗauke da ruwan ƙarƙashin ƙasa daga wuraren gini zuwa kogin Spree (ko magudanan ruwa).^{[ana buƙatar hujja]}^{[<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span>]}

Dubi kuma

Artesian aquifer - Tushen ruwa na halittaShafuka da ke nuna taƙaitaccen bayanin manufofi
Groundwater recharge - Ruwan ƙasa wanda ke sake caji a cikin ruwa
Hydrogeology - Nazarin motsi da rarraba ruwan kasa
Watertable control - Amfani da magudanar ruwa don sarrafa matakin ruwa a cikin wani yanki

Manazarta.

↑ "What is the Water Table?". imnh.isu.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-25.
↑ Winter, Thomas C; Harvey, Judson W (1998). "Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource - U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139" (PDF). Retrieved 25 August 2018.

[1] "What is the Water Table?". imnh.isu.edu. Retrieved 2016-11-25.

[2] Winter, Thomas C; Harvey, Judson W (1998). "Ground Water and Surface Water A Single Resource - U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1139" (PDF). Retrieved 25 August 2018.

[1]

[2]