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Ted Kaczynski

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Theodore John Kaczynski (/kəˈzɪnski/ i kə-ZIN-skee; 22 ga Mayu, 1942 - 10 ga Yuni, 2023), wanda aka fi sani da Unabomber (/ˈjuːnəbɒmər/ i YOO-nə-bom-ər), masanin lissafi ne na Amurka kuma ɗan Ta'addanci na cikin gida. Wani mashahurin lissafi, ya bar aikinsa na ilimi a shekarar 1969 don ya bi salon rayuwa na farko da kuma yakin Ta'addanci na wolf.

Kaczynski ya kashe mutane 3 kuma ya ji wa wasu rauni 23 tsakanin 1978 da 1995 a cikin yakin neman bam na gidan waya a duk fadin kasar a kan mutanen da ya yi imanin suna ci gaba da Fasahar zamani da lalata yanayin halitta. Ya rubuta kusan kalmomi 35,000 da kuma sukar zamantakewa da ake kira Industrial Society and Its Future (1995) wanda ke adawa da dukkan nau'ikan fasaha, ya ƙi hagu da fascism, yana ba da shawarar al'adun gargajiya, kuma a ƙarshe ya ba da shawarar juyin juya hali tashin hankali.[1]

A shekara ta 1971, Kaczynski ya koma wani gida mai nisa ba tare da wutar lantarki ko Ruwa mai gudana ba kusa da Lincoln, Montana, inda ya zauna a matsayin Mai zaman kansa yayin da yake koyon ƙwarewar rayuwa don zama mai wadatar kansa. Bayan ya ga lalacewar jeji da ke kewaye da gidansa, ya kammala cewa rayuwa a cikin yanayi ya zama ba zai yiwu ba kuma ya yanke shawarar yaki da Masana'antu da lalacewar yanayi ta hanyar ta'addanci. A shekara ta 1979, Kaczynski ya zama batun abin da ya kasance, a lokacin da aka kama shi a shekara ta 1996, bincike mafi tsawo kuma mafi tsada a tarihin Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI). FBI ta yi amfani da mai gano shari'ar UNABOM (Jami'a da Jirgin Sama Bombing) kafin a san asalinsa, wanda ya haifar da kafofin watsa labarai suna kiransa "Unabomber".

A cikin 1995, Kaczynski ya aika da wasika ga The New York Times yana alkawarin "ya Dauda ta'addanci" idan Times ko The Washington Post sun buga takardar shaidarsa, inda ya yi jayayya cewa bama-bamai sun yi tsananin gaske amma ya zama dole don jawo hankali ga lalacewar 'yancin ɗan adam da mutunci ta fasahar zamani. FBI da Babban lauyan Amurka Janet Reno sun tura don buga rubutun, wanda ya bayyana a cikin The Washington Post a watan Satumbar 1995. Bayan karanta shi, ɗan'uwan Kaczynski, David, ya gane salon rubutu kuma ya ba da rahoton zarginsa ga FBI. Bayan kama shi a shekara ta 1996, Kaczynski - yana mai da hankali - ya yi ƙoƙari kuma ya kasa korar lauyoyin da kotun ta nada saboda suna so ya nemi hauka don kauce wa hukuncin kisa. Ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da laifi ga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen a shekarar 1998 kuma an yanke masa hukuncin ɗaurin rai da yawa a jere a kurkuku ba tare da yiwuwar sallamawa ba. [lower-alpha 1] A cikin 2021, ya sami cutar kansa kuma ya dakatar da Magana a watan Maris na 2023. Kaczynski ya rataye kansa a kurkuku a watan Yunin 2023 . [4]

Rayuwa ta farko

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Yaronta

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Photograph of Kaczynski's birth certificates and drivers licenses
takardar shaidar haihuwa Kaczynski da lasisin direba da yawa

An haifi Theodore John Kaczynski a Birnin Chicago a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1942, ga iyayen ma'aikata Wanda Theresa (née Dombek) da Theodore Richard Kaczynski, mai yin sausage. Su biyun 'yan asalin Poland ne waɗanda aka girma a matsayin Roman Katolika amma daga baya suka zama masu musun wanzuwar Allah. Sun yi aure a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1939. [8]

Daga aji na farko zuwa na huɗu (shekaru shida zuwa tara), Kaczynski ya halarci makarantar firamare ta Sherman a Birnin Chicago, inda masu gudanarwa suka bayyana shi a matsayin mai lafiya da daidaitawa. A shekara ta 1952, shekaru uku bayan an haifi ɗan'uwansa David, iyalin suka koma Evergreen Park, Illinois, kuma Ted ya koma Evergrein Park Central Junior High School. Bayan gwajin ya zira kwallaye na IQ a 167, ya tsallake aji na shida.[9] Kaczynski daga baya ya bayyana wannan a matsayin muhimmin abu: a baya ya yi hulɗa da takwarorinsa kuma an gan shi a matsayin jagora, amma bayan ya tsallake su ya ji bai dace da tsofaffin yara ba, waɗanda suka zalunta shi.

Maƙwabta a Evergreen Park daga baya sun bayyana iyalin Kaczynski a matsayin "mutane masu ra'ayi na jama'a", wanda ke tunawa da iyaye "sun sadaukar da duk abin da suke da shi ga 'ya'yansu". Dukansu Ted da David suna da basira, amma Ted yana da basira sosai. Maƙwabta sun bayyana shi a matsayin mai basira amma mai kaɗaici.[8]

Makarantar sakandare

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Photograph of Kaczynski in high school with three boys and a girl
Kaczynski (a ƙasa dama) tare da wasu 'yan wasan karshe na karatun digiri daga makarantar sakandare

Kaczynski ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Evergreen Park, inda ya yi fice a ilimi. Ya buga trombone a cikin ƙungiyar tafiya kuma ya kasance memba na lissafi, ilmin halitta, tsabar kudi, da kungiyoyin Jamus.[10] A shekara ta 1996, wani tsohon abokin karatunsa ya ce: "Ba a taɓa ganinsa a matsayin mutum ba, a matsayin mutum ... Kullum ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin kwakwalwa mai tafiya, don haka a faɗi. " A wannan lokacin, Kaczynski ya zama mai sha'awar lissafi, yana ciyar da sa'o'i yana karatu da warware matsalolin ci gaba. Ya zama mai alaƙa da ƙungiyar yara maza masu tunani iri ɗaya da ke sha'awar kimiyya da lissafi, waɗanda aka sani da "ƙananan yara maza" saboda sha'awar su na ɗaukar jakunkuna.[10] 

A duk lokacin makarantar sakandare, Kaczynski ya kasance a gaban abokan karatunsa a fannin ilimi. An sanya shi a cikin aji na lissafi mai ci gaba, nan da nan ya ƙware kayan. Ya tsallake aji na goma sha ɗaya, kuma, ta hanyar halartar makarantar bazara, ya kammala karatu yana da shekaru 15. Kaczynski na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe na National Merit guda biyar a makarantarsa kuma an ƙarfafa shi ya nemi Jami'ar Harvard. Yayinda yake da shekaru 15, an yarda da shi zuwa Harvard kuma ya shiga jami'a a kan tallafin karatu a shekara ta 1958 yana da shekaru 16. Wani abokin makarantar sakandare daga baya ya ce Kaczynski bai shirya ba: "Sun kwashe shi kuma sun tura shi Harvard kafin ya kasance a shirye ... Ba shi da lasisin direba. " 

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Mahan & Griset (2008), p. 132.
  2. ↑ U.S. v. Kaczynski, 551 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2009)
  3. ↑ U.S. v. Kaczynski, 239 F.3d 1108 (9th Cir. 2001)
  4. 1 2 Sisak, Michael R.; Balsamo, Mike; Offenhartz, Jake (June 11, 2023). "'Unabomber' Ted Kaczynski died by suicide in prison medical center, AP sources say" (in Turanci). Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 12, 2023. Retrieved July 26, 2023.
  5. ↑ Johnston, David (May 5, 1998). "Unabomber Sentenced to 4 Life Sentences". The New York Times (in Turanci). Archived from the original on July 26, 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Boston eight life".
  7. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "NYTimes-6.11.23".
  8. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "rage".
  9. ↑ Haberfeld & von Hassell (2009), p. 40.
  10. 1 2 Martin, Andrew; Becker, Robert (April 16, 1996). "Egghead Kaczynski Was Loner in High School". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on August 11, 2017.
  1. ↑ Kaczynski received four life sentences, plus thirty years imprisonment.[2][3][4][5] However, others (as well as Kaczynski himself)[6] claim he received eight life sentences.[7]
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