Tellem
Tellem (ma'ana: "waɗanda suka kasanCE a gabanmu" ko "Mun same su" a cikin yaren Dogon ) su ne mutanen da suka zauna a Bandiagara Escarpment a Mali tsakanin ƙarni na 11 da 16 AZ.[1][2] Mutanen Dogon sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankin da ke kusa da karni na 14. A cikin ƙwayoyin dutse na wannan jan dutse, gine-ginen yumɓu suna kare ƙasusuwan Tellem da kuma abubuwan da ke shaida game da wayewarsu, wanda ya wanzu tun kafin na Dogons.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dogon suna amfani da sunan "Tellem" (= Temmem) don bayyana mutanen da ke zaune a kan dutsen da ke gaban su. Ma'anar wannan kalmar ita ce: "Mun same su". Sunan yana da ma'ana mai yawa tsakanin Dogon, a wuri da kuma lokaci, fiye da "Tellem" a ma'anar "Al'adun Tellem". [1]
Tarihi da al'adu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zuwan Tellem a Bandiagara - inda za su gaji Toloy - an yi imanin ya koma karni na 11. Binciken Archaeological ya ba da damar samun ƙasusuwa da yawa amma kuma abubuwa kamar yadudduka, kwando, lu'ulu'u, da tukwane.[1]
Sun gina gidajensu a gefen dutsen. Ƙananan ko gajere a tsayi, wani lokacin ana lakafta su da kuskure a matsayin pygmies. Sun rayu ta hanyar kamun kifi, aikin daji, noma, Kiwon dabbobi da farautar baka.
A cikin necropolis, sun sanya hadayu tare da matattu. A wasu lokuta ana binne matattu a cikin tufafinsu ko a lullube su cikin bargo. Matan suna sanye da sutura mai laushi. Matattu sun kasance tare da kayan kabari - daban ga namiji da mace. Kasusuwan da ke kwance a warwatse, an motsa ragowar a hankali don samar da wuri don sababbin binnewa. Don tabbatar da asalin halittu na yawan mutanen Tellem, an bincika waɗannan kwarangwal. Dukansu suna cikin rukuni ɗaya, tare da halayen anthropometric da za a iya ganewa, waɗanda ke cikin kwayar halitta ba su canza sosai ba a cikin ƙarni biyar na wanzuwarsa.
A cikin karni na 11, Dogon da ke fitowa daga ƙasar Mandé kuma suna guje wa Islama da tsanantawa kamar Serer, sun isa dutsen. Tellem ya gudu bi da bi, ya nemi mafaka zuwa kudu a Mali da Burkina Faso. Wasu ƙauyukan Tellem har yanzu suna kusa da iyakar Mali da Burkina Faso, gami da ƙauyen Yoro a Mali.
Tellem ya gina gidaje a kusa da tushe na tsaunuka da kuma kai tsaye a cikin dutsen. Yawancin waɗannan gine-ginen har yanzu suna bayyane a yankin. Wasu gine-ginen Tellem, musamman ma hatsi, har yanzu suna amfani da Dogon, kodayake yawanci ƙauyukan Dogon suna ƙasa ko saman tsaunuka, inda ruwa ke tarawa da noma yana yiwuwa.
Tsoffin gidajen Tellem, a saman dutsen, za su zama makabartar Dogons waɗanda ke ɗaga gawawwakinsu da igiyoyi.
Mutanen Tellem sun ɓace saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, ko kuma watakila sun haɗu da Dogon.[1] Wasu sun yi imanin cewa suna iya haɗuwa da Kouroumba ko Kurumba (fr) na Burkina Faso lokacin da suka tafi kudu bayan isowar Dogon, amma kafofin ba su yarda ba.[1] A cikin tatsuniyoyin gida, wasu a Mali a yau suna tunanin cewa Tellem yana da ikon sihiri na musamman.[1]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Tsananta addinin gargajiya na Afirka
- Religious persecution § Persecution of Dogons
- Religious persecution § Persecution of Serers
- Mutanen Mossi
- Mutanen Bambara
- Kaarta
- Tarihin Serer na dā
- Tarihin Serer
- Sangha, Mali
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Huib Blom, Dogon, huib blom (2010), p. 24, ISBN 9782839907255 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "blom" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Girdle [Mali; Tellem peoples] (1998.478.4,5) | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art". www.metmuseum.org. Archived from the original on 2010-05-15.