The Battle of Algiers(Fim)
Yaƙin Algiers (Italiya: La battaglia di Algeri; Larabci: معركة الجزائر, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Jazāʾir) fim ɗin yaƙi ne na 1966 na Italiya da Aljeriya wanda Gillo Pontecorvo ya rubuta tare kuma ya ba da umarni. Ya dogara ne kan matakin da 'yan tawaye suka dauka a lokacin yakin Aljeriya (1954-1962) kan gwamnatin Faransa a Arewacin Afirka, wanda ya fi shahara shi ne yakin Algiers, babban birnin kasar Aljeriya. An harbe shi a wuri a cikin salon labarai na Roberto Rossellini: a cikin baƙar fata da fari tare da gyare-gyaren nau'in rubuce-rubuce don ƙara ma'anar sahihancin tarihi, tare da galibin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo marasa ƙwararru waɗanda suka rayu ta ainihin yaƙin. Pontecorvo da Ennio Morricone ne suka shirya makin fim ɗin. Yawancin lokaci ana danganta shi da fina-finan neorealist na Italiya.[1]
Makasudin Shirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mahmoud, Hassiba, Little Omar, da Ali La Pointe a maboyar An bude yakin Algiers a shekara ta 1957 a babban birnin kasar Faransa Aljeriya. Bayan an azabtar da shi, daya daga cikin ‘yan uwan Ali la Pointe (Brahim Haggiag) ya bayyana maboyar Ali ga Sojojin Faransa. Sojoji sun kai farmaki gidan Ali suka shaida masa cewa an kewaye shi kuma an gama “kungiyar”. Fim ɗin ya sake haskakawa zuwa 1954.
Yakin Algiers ya sake gina abubuwan da suka faru a babban birnin kasar Faransa Aljeriya tsakanin Nuwamba 1954 zuwa Disamba 1957, a lokacin yakin 'yancin kai na Aljeriya. Labarin ya fara ne da tsarin ƙungiyoyin juyin juya hali a cikin Casbah. Saboda yakin bangaranci tsakanin al'ummar kasar Aljeriya da 'yan kabilar Pied-noirs ('yan kabilar Turawa da aka haifa a kasar Aljeriya), inda bangarorin biyu ke yin tashe-tashen hankula, Faransa ta aike da jami'an soji na Faransa zuwa birnin domin yakar 'yan kungiyar 'yan tawayen kasar (FLN). Ana nuna ma'aikatan a matsayin kawar da dukkan shugabannin FLN ta hanyar kisa ko kamawa. Fim ɗin ya ƙare da code ɗin da ke nuna zanga-zangar kishin ƙasa da tarzoma, wanda ke nuna cewa duk da cewa Faransa ta ci yaƙin Algiers amma ta yi rashin nasara a yaƙin Aljeriya.[2]
Wallafa Shirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasan allo
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Casbah, inda aka dauki fim din Yaƙin Algiers ya samo asali ne daga littafin Souvenirs de la Bataille d'Algiers na 1962, labarin kwamandan sojojin FLN na yaƙin, na Saadi Yacef.[3]Yacef ya rubuta littafin ne a lokacin da ake tsare da shi a matsayin fursuna na Faransa, kuma hakan ya kara wa FLN da sauran masu fafutuka kwarin gwiwa. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, Faransawa sun saki Yacef, wanda ya zama jagora a sabuwar gwamnati. Gwamnatin Aljeriya ta goyi bayan daidaita tarihin Yacef a matsayin fim. Salash Baazi, shugaban FLN wanda Faransawa suka yi hijira, ya tuntubi daraktan Italiyanci Gillo Pontecorvo da marubucin allo Franco Solinas tare da aikin.
Don biyan buƙatun fim, Yaƙin Algiers yana amfani da haruffa masu haɗaka kuma yana canza sunayen wasu mutane. Misali, Kanar Mathieu ya kunshi jami'an yaki da ta'addanci na Faransa da dama, musamman Jacques Massu.[4]Saadi Yacef ya ce Mathieu ya dogara ne akan Marcel Bigeard, duk da cewa yanayin yana tunawa da Roger Trinquier.[5] Da aka zarge shi da nuna Mathieu a matsayin kyakkyawa kuma mai daraja, marubucin allo Solinas ya musanta cewa wannan ita ce manufarsa. A cikin wata hira da ya yi da shi ya ce Kanar yana da kyau kuma yana da al'ada, domin wayewar yammacin duniya ba ta da mutunci ko rashin tarbiyya.[6]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Salon gani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don Yaƙin Algiers, Pontecorvo da masanin fina-finai Marcello Gatti sun yi fim ɗin baƙar fata da fari kuma sun gwada dabaru daban-daban don ba wa fim ɗin kallon labaran labarai da fim ɗin gaskiya. Tasirin ya kasance mai gamsarwa sosai har fitar da Amurkawa sun ba da sanarwar cewa "ba ƙafa ɗaya" na labarai ba ne aka yi amfani da shi.[7]
Amfani da Pontecorvo na gaskiyar almara yana ba da damar fim ɗin "don yin aiki tare da ɗaure biyu kamar yadda yake magana da masu sauraro daban-daban." Fim din ya yi amfani da talabijin na musamman don danganta masu kallon yammacin duniya da hotunan da suke fuskanta akai-akai wadanda aka tabbatar da su don bayyana "gaskiya". Da alama ana yin fim ɗin ne ta hanyar ra'ayi na mai ba da rahoto na yammacin duniya, yayin da ake amfani da ruwan tabarau na telephoto da kyamarori masu ɗaukar hannu, yayin da "yana nuna gwagwarmayar daga nesa 'aminci' tare da sojojin Faransa da aka sanya tsakanin taron jama'a da kyamara."[8]
- ↑ Shapiro, Michael J. (August 1, 2008). "Slow Looking: The Ethics and Politics of Aesthetics: Jill Bennett, Empathic Vision: Affect, Trauma, and Contemporary Art (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005); Mark Reinhardt, Holly Edwards, and Erina Duganne, Beautiful Suffering: Photography and the Traffic in Pain (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007); Gillo Pontecorvo, director, The Battle of Algiers (Criterion: Special Three-Disc Edition, 2004)". Millennium: Journal of International Studies. 37: 181–197. doi:10.1177/0305829808093770
- ↑ "Gillo Pontecorvo: The Battle of Algiers"
- ↑ The Source". The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release
- ↑ Arun Kapil, "Selected Biographies of Participants in the French-Algerian War", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 50.
- ↑ "Cinquantenaire de l'insurrection algérienne La Bataille d'Alger, une leçon de l'histoire"
- ↑ Nico Solinas, "An Interview with Franco Solinas", in The Battle of Algiers booklet accompanying the Criterion Collection DVD release, p. 32.
- ↑ J. David Slocum, Terrorism, Media, Liberation. Rutgers University Press, 2005, p.
- ↑ Barr Burlin, Lyrical Contact Zones: Cinematic Representation and the Transformation of the Exotic. Cornell University Press, 1999, p 158