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Tigranes I

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Tigranes I
king of Armenia (en) Fassara

Rayuwa
Haihuwa2 century "BCE"
Mutuwa95 "BCE"
Ƴan uwa
MahaifiArtaxias I of Armenia
MahaifiyaSatenik
Yara
AhaliArtavasdes I of Armenia (en) Fassara
YareArtaxiad Dynasty (en) Fassara
Sana'a
Sana'asarki

Tigranes I (Girkanci na dā) sarki ne na Artaxiad na Armenia a ƙarshen ƙarni na 2 da farkon ƙarni na 1 BC . Rubuce-rubuce kaɗan ne suka tsira game da mulkinsa da wanda ya riga shi Artavasdes I, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikice.[1]Wasu malamai na zamani sun yi shakkar cewa irin wannan sarki ya yi mulki kwata-kwata.[2][3]Sauran masana tarihi, irin su Hakob Manandian, David Marshall Lang da Rouben Paul Adalian suna ɗaukarsa ainihin adadi amma sun bambanta ko kuma ba su da tabbas game da ainihin kwanakin mulkinsa.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]Kodayake an ba da shawarar cewa Tigranes na yi mulki daga 123 BC zuwa 96 BC, an soki wannan ra'ayi.[9][1][3]Wani shawara shi ne cewa Tigranes na yi mulki a cikin 120 BC - 95 BC kuma wannan kwanan nan masanin tarihi Christian Marek ya tabbatar da shi.[5][11]

Sunan

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sunan Tigránēs (Τιogramνης) shine nau'in Helenanci na Tsohon Iran Tigrāna (Armeniya-language romanization" typeof="mw:Transclusion">Tigran Տիգրան a Armenian). [12]Ana jayayya da ainihin asalin amma mai yiwuwa ne tsohuwar asalin Iran na *-āna- da sunan *Tigrā- (ma'anar '').[13][14]Masanin tarihin Armeniya Movses Khorenatsi ya ambaci Tiran, "ɗan Artaxias kuma ɗan'uwan Artavasdes", wanda aka gano shi a matsayin Tigranes I.[4][15]

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tigranes I is assumed to be the fourth oldest son of five between Artaxias I and Satenik.  He ascended to the throne due to Artavasdes I not having an available heir, as well as his other brothers being kicked out of the royal estates by Artavasdes I.[16][4][17][1][8] He was made sparapet (commander) over the western army by Artaxias I.[18]

Bayan tashiwar Artaxias wanda aka fi amincewa da shi, Smbat Bagratuni, ɗan'uwan Tigranes, Mazhan, ya nemi Sarki Artaxies a cire matsayin Artavasdes da Tigranes daga sojoji kuma a maimakon haka a ba da shi ga Zariadres. Artaxias ya ki amincewa da bukatar kuma Mazhan ya fara yin makirci da Tigranes. Koyaya, Artavasdes da Tigranes sun kama iska game da makircin kuma sun yi kwanton bauna kuma sun kashe Mazhan yayin tafiya ta farauta. Daga nan sai suka binne shi a Bagaran .

Mamayewar Seleucid da Iberian

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 165/4 KZ, sojojin Seleucid, a karkashin jagorancin Antiochus IV Epiphanes, sun mamaye Armenia kuma sun ci sojojin Tigranes, sun tilasta masa ya koma Basen kuma ya jira taimako daga Artavasdes I da Smbat Bagratuni. A ƙarshe sojojin Armeniya sun kayar da sojojin Seleucid, waɗanda suka koma Siriya saboda matsalolin cikin gida. An kama ɗan'uwan Tigranes, Zariadres bayan da aka ci nasara a Javakheti, shekaru uku bayan haka Tigranes da Artavasdes, da Smbat suka yi tafiya zuwa Trialeti, amma sun tattauna don 'yancin Zariadres, da kuma yin kawance da mulkin Iberian yayin da suka ba da Javakheti da Ardahan. [18]

Harin Parthian

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 120 KZ, Sarkin Parthian Mithradates II ya mamaye Armenia. An tilasta wa Artavasdes I ya ba da ɗan Tigranes, Tigranes II Mai Girma na gaba, ga Mithradates II a matsayin mai garkuwa kuma ya amince da mulkin Parthian a kan Armenia.

Sarauta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 120 BC, bayan mutuwar Artavasdes I, Tigranes I ya hau gadon sarauta.[5][11]Hakob Manandian, yana ambaton Strabo, ya ambaci cewa Tigranes na yi tsayayya da Parthians kuma ya sami nasarar kare Armenia kuma bai fuskanci rikici ba daga baya.[4]Ya kuma kwace Vahevunis daga firist ɗin su bayan sun gano cewa sun ƙaura da mutum-mutumi mai zinariya na Vahagn da ke Armavir zuwa yankin su a Ashtishat bayan mutuwar Artaxias I.[19]

Tigranes ya shiga gasa tare da yarima Bznuni mai suna Datake, wanda ya yi alfaharin cewa ya fi sarki arziki. Tigranes kuma dole ne ya magance matsalolin gado na danginsa da sauran danginsa, yayin da danginsa da ke zaune a yankin Hashteank suka koka cewa babu isasshen ƙasa don raba tsakanin su. Tigranes ya gaya musu su koma Aghiovit ko Arberan; duk da haka, sun nuna rashin amincewa. Daga ƙarshe Tigranes ya gaya musu cewa ko dai sun koma Arberan ko Aghiovit ko raba abin da suke da shi tsakanin kansu. Ganin cewa ba za a iya raba isasshen ƙasa tsakanin kansu a Hashteank ba, wasu daga cikin Artaxiads sun koma.

Tigranes also gave away Artavasdes's holdings to an Andzevatsi prince named Erakhnavu, who was a distinguished man and had married the last of Artavasdes's wives. He was eventually made second rank and sparapet of the eastern army. He also took care of Druasp, a Persian friend who had become related by marriage to the princes of Vaspurakan and was given the town of Tateawn and its estates, and vineyards as well as establishing his court in the town of Chrmes in the region of Ekegheats.

Tigranes ya auri 'yarsa Eraneak ga wani mutum mai suna Trdat Bagratuni, wanda shi ne ɗan 'yar Smbat Bagratuni. Eraneak ta ƙi mijinta, tana gunaguni game da mummunar bayyanar Trdat. Wannan ya fusata Trdat kuma ya doke Ereneak sosai, ya ja ta waje. Daga nan sai ya shiga tawaye don tabbatar da yankunan Media; duk da haka, bayan ya isa Syunik, ya sami labarin mutuwar Tigranes kuma ya kawo karshen tawaye. Tigranes ya mutu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da 95 BC.

Bayan mutuwarsa, Tigranes II, wanda Artavasdes I ya ba da shi a matsayin mai garkuwa ga Parthians, ya dawo daga zamansa a Parthia kuma ya hau gadon sarauta.[1]A cewar Appian, Tigranes II shi ne ɗan Tigranes I. Wannan ra'ayi kuma ya sami goyon baya daga bincike na zamani.[4][17][1][20]

Idan aka hana rikici da Parthians, an bayyana mulkin Tigranes I a matsayin mai zaman lafiya kuma ba shi da manyan abubuwan da suka faru a waje.[21]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Garsoïan 1997.
  2. ↑ Foss 1986.
  3. 1 2 Sullivan 1973.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Manandian 1945.
  5. 1 2 3 Schottky 1989.
  6. ↑ de Morgan 1965.
  7. ↑ Lang 1980.
  8. 1 2 Adalian 2010.
  9. 1 2 Bedoukian 1978.
  10. ↑ Nercessian 1995.
  11. 1 2 Marek 2016.
  12. ↑ Acharian 1942.
  13. ↑ Tavernier 2007.
  14. ↑ Schmitt 2005.
  15. ↑ Nahapetyan 2017.
  16. ↑ Bedoukian 1968.
  17. 1 2 Manandian 2007.
  18. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ":0".
  19. ↑ Margaryan 2018.
  20. ↑ Redgate 2000.
  21. ↑ Aghayan 1971.
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