Todd Andrews

Todd Andrews
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	Northside (en) , 6 Oktoba 1901
Mutuwa	Dublin, 11 Oktoba 1985
Makwanci	Deans Grange Cemetery (en)
Ƴan uwa
Yara	view David Andrews (ɗan siyasa)
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan siyasa
Imani
Jam'iyar siyasa	Fianna Fáil (mul)

Christopher Stephen "Todd" Andrews (6 ga Oktoba 1901 - 11 ga Oktoba 1985) ɗan jam'iyyar Republican ne daga Ireland sannan daga baya ya zama ma'aikacin gwamnati. Ya halarci Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland da Yaƙin Basasa amma bai taɓa tsayawa takara ba ko kuma ya riƙe muƙamin gwamnati.

Rayuwar farko da ilimi

An haifi Andrews a shekara ta 42 Summerhill a Dublin a shekara ta 1901 ga Christopher Andrews (wanda a lokacin yake aikin gwanjo) da Mary Andrews (wanda aka haifa a lokacin Moran), 'yar wani jami'in ' yan sanda na Dublin Metropolitan . A shekarar 1910, iyalin suka ƙaura zuwa Terenure, inda mahaifinsa ke da shagon sayar da kayan abinci. Ya sami laƙabin "Todd" saboda yadda yake kama da jarumin barkwanci na Ingila Alonzo Todd, wanda ya fito a cikin The Magnet . Andrews ya halarci Makarantar St. Enda na ɗan lokaci kuma ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare a Synge Street CBS . Ya ci gaba da karatun kasuwanci a Kwalejin Jami'a ta Dublin, kuma duk da cewa karatunsa ya katse saboda shiga cikin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland da Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland, ya koma jami'a inda ya sami digiri a Kasuwanci .

Juyin juya hali na ƙasa

An siyasantar da Andrews a lokacin Tashin 1916 . Ya shiga ƙungiyar agaji ta Irish Volunteers yana ɗan shekara goma sha biyar kuma ya taka rawa sosai a rundunar sojojin Republican ta Ireland a lokacin Yaƙin 'Yancin Kan Ireland, yana fafatawa da rundunar Rathfarnham ta rundunar 4 ta Dublin Brigade. An kama shi aka daure shi a shekarar 1920 amma aka sake shi bayan kwana goma yana yajin cin abinci. An tsare shi a Curragh a shekarar 1921 amma ya yi nasarar samun 'yanci tare da abokan aikinsa guda biyu. Andrews ya yi adawa da Yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish kuma, bayan ƙirƙirar Babban Jami'in Kotuna Huɗu na IRA a watan Afrilun 1922, ya zama mataimakiyar Daraktan Ayyuka Ernie O'Malley . Ya ɗauki ɓangaren jam'iyyar Republican a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Ireland kuma ya ji rauni a faɗan da aka yi a Titin O'Connell, Dublin. An naɗa Andrews a matsayin Babban Hedikwatar IRA kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar yana kula da horar da masu sa kai. Gwamnatin Jihar 'Yancin Ireland ta tsare Andrews har zuwa farkon shekarar 1924.

Ma'aikacin gwamnati

Bayan kammala karatunsa, Andrews ya sami aiki a matsayin akawu a ƙungiyar yawon buɗe ido ta Ireland, inda ya tsara ofishin asusunsu, tare da gyara wasu daga cikin wallafe-wallafensu. A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1930 aka ba shi mukamin akawu a Hukumar Samar da Wutar Lantarki a lokacin da suke faɗaɗa tashar wutar lantarki ta ƙasa da kuma gina manyan ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki kamar Ardnacrusha .

A shekarar 1933, an naɗa Andrews a Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Kasuwanci, inda ya yi aiki a fannin haɓaka masana'antu na ci gaban ciyawar Ireland. Da farko Andrews ya kafa wata ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa da ke girbe ciyawa a gida da kuma sayar da ita, amma nan da nan ya ga cewa wannan shiri bai isa ya inganta samar da ciyawa a Ireland a fannin kasuwanci ba; hakan kuma ya jawo fushin 'yan kasuwar kwal waɗanda ke damuwa game da tasirin gasar da gwamnati ke jagoranta ga kasuwanninsu. Duk da haka, Andrews ya shawo kan irin waɗannan damuwar ta hanyar jagorancin mutane masu wayo da himma, wanda ya ƙare da kafa Hukumar Ci Gaban Turf a shekarar 1934. Sabuwar kamfanin da ke da matsakaicin jihohi ya taimaka wajen shawo kan matsalolin da za su taso a nan gaba wajen sarrafa girbin peat a babban mataki da kuma tsare-tsare da aka kafa don taimakawa Ireland wajen samar da mai a lokacin gaggawa, kuma daga ƙarshe ya haifar da kafa Bord Na Mona a shekarar 1946, wata ƙungiya da daga ƙarshe ya zama Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa.

CIE

A cikin 1958, an ba da Andrews kuma ya karɓi shugabancin kamfanin sufuri na Irish Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), wanda ke cikin yanayin kasafin kuɗi mai haɗari. Bayan binciken da aka yi a Rahoton Beddy, ya yi amfani da ƙwarewarsa ta kasuwanci kuma ya kula da babban sake fasalin tsarin layin dogo na Ireland. Wannan ya haɗa da siyan injunan lantarki na dizal daga kamfanin General Motors, gabatar da kayan horo na zamani, rufe ayyukan da ba su da tattalin arziki da kuma kawar da ayyukan tsayawa a hankali, gabatar da sabbin kekunan hawa masu kyau da aka birkice da kuma sake fasalin shirye-shiryen tikitin. Ya kuma kula da rufe layuka da dama da ba su da tattalin arziki kuma suna kawo asara a kowane lokaci. Wannan ya haɗa da:

• Layin jirgin ƙasa na Bray zuwa Harcourt . Rufe layin dogo na Harcourt ba shakka shine mafi muni a rufe layin dogo a Ireland. Layin layin bai yi riba ba tsawon shekaru da dama, duk da cewa an dauki matakai da dama na rage farashi don inganta kasuwanci. An gabatar da siginar lantarki, motocin jirgin ƙasa na AEC da jiragen ƙasa na musamman na bazara zuwa Wicklow da Wexford a kan layin don ƙoƙarin ƙara yawan zirga-zirgar jiragen da kuma rage farashi amma babu wani amfani. Bisa ga shawarar da aka bayar daga rahoton Beddy, layin ya dakatar da ayyukansa a ranar 31 ga Disamba 1958 kuma an dakatar da shi a hukumance a watan Janairu 1959. Yayin da birnin ya faɗaɗa a tsakiyar da ƙarshen shekarun 1970, an bar hanyar a buɗe kuma an sake buɗe ta a wani ɓangare a matsayin wani ɓangare na Layin Kore na LUAS a shekarar 2004.
• Babban hanyar sadarwa ta layin dogo a yammacin birnin Cork. Wannan ya haɗa da layukan zuwa Bandon, Bantry da Macroom, da layukan reshe zuwa Clonakility, Skibbereen da Kinsale. Kuma, layukan sun yi fama da matsalar kasuwanci kuma sun ga raguwar kasuwanci yayin da motoci, bas da manyan motoci suka zama masu araha kuma suka sami damar biyan buƙatun fasinjoji a aikace.
• Tudun Howth Tramway, wanda aka gada daga Babban Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na Arewa . An gina wannan layin dogo mai ban mamaki a kusa da Howth Head don amfani da karuwar yawon bude ido da ake sa ran samu a kauyen bakin teku wanda bai taba faruwa ba. Duk da cewa layin dogo ya yi aiki sosai a yankin da ba shi da yawa, amma bai sami riba ba kuma ya tsallake rufewa sau da yawa yayin da yake ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hukumar Layin Dogon Jirgin Ƙasa ta Arewa. Duk da haka, ba a maye gurbin kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma kayayyakin da ake amfani da su a lokacin rayuwarsa ba, kuma tare da wannan ya yi daidai da buƙatar rage farashi mai mahimmanci, rufewar ta zama dole, wanda hakan ya ba wa CIE rashin kyawun yanayin kasafin kuɗi da ƙa'idojin doka damar samun riba.
• Layin Jirgin Ƙasa na West Clare . Kuma, wannan layin ya zo ne a wani yanayi na rage farashi amma ba kamar sauran layukan ma'auni ba, ya ga an gabatar da tarin jiragen ƙasa na zamani na dizal da jiragen ƙasa. Duk da cewa sabbin hannun jari sun inganta matakan sabis da tattalin arzikin layukan sosai, amma ba su isa su ceci layin ba.
• Layukan Cahersiveen, Kenmare da Kanturk . Kamar yadda ya saba a yawancin layukan dogo na karkara, yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a waɗannan layukan uku ya yi ƙasa sosai. Reshen da ke Kanturk da Kenmare suna da injunan dizal da aka ware musu, amma ba su yi nasara ba.

Andrews ya kuma kula da farfaɗo da kuma sabunta hanyoyin sufuri na CIE, ayyukan bas na larduna da birane a Ireland. An kawar da jan hankalin tururi a ƙarƙashin shugabancinsa, wani fa'ida mai tsada wanda babu shakka ya ceci CIE daga wani rugujewa, yayin da motocin zamani da manyan motoci suka ɗauki jigilar kayayyaki maimakon dawaki da karusa. Duk da irin wannan tattalin arziki, CIE har yanzu tana fama da rashin tabbas a kan tsammanin gwamnati na cewa za ta yi aiki ba tare da an yi mata katsalandan ba; wani aiki ne da ba zai yiwu ba idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da adadin fasinjoji a ƙasar da ƙaura ta yi wa illa. Matsalolin Rarraba Kayayyaki galibi suna shafar aikin kamfanin; An tilasta wa CIE gabatar da ƙarin ayyukan bas a yankunan kan iyaka bayan janyewar Hukumar Sufuri ta Ulster daga ayyukan ƙetare iyaka, musamman tare da GNRB a 1958 da Kwamitin Haɗin gwiwa na Layin Dogon Jirgin Ƙasa na Gundumar Donegal a 1959. [1]