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Toma Manzo

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Toma Manzo
apostle (en) Fassara

Rayuwa
Haihuwa Galilee (en) Fassara, 1 century
ƙasa Romawa na Da
Mutuwa Mylapore (en) Fassara, 3 ga Yuli, 72
Makwanci San Thome Basilica (en) Fassara
Yanayin mutuwa hukuncin kisa
Karatu
Harsuna Ancient Greek (mul) Fassara
Malamai Isa Almasihu
Sana'a
Sana'a Mishan
Feast
July 3 (en) Fassara, Cocin katolika, October 6 (en) Fassara da Eastern Orthodox Church (en) Fassara
Imani
Addini Kiristanci

Thomas the Apostle (Greek: Θωμᾶς, romanized: Thōmâs; Classical Syriac: ܬܐܘܡܐ, romanized: Tʾōmā, meaning 'the Twin'),[lower-alpha 1] also known as Didymus (Greek: Δίδυμος, romanized: Dídymos 'twin'), was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus according to the New Testament. Thomas is commonly known as "doubting Thomas" because he initially doubted the resurrection of Jesus when he was told of it (as is related in the Gospel of John); he later confessed his faith ("The lord of me and the God of me") on seeing the places where the wounds appeared still fresh on the holy body of Jesus after the Crucifixion of Jesus.

Thomas Manzo, daki-daki na mosaic a cikin Basilica na San Vitale, Ravenna, karni na 6

A cewar asusun gargajiya na [./Saint_<i id= Thomas_Christians" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Kiristoci na Saint Thomas] na Kerala, Thomas ya yi tafiya a waje da Daular Romawa don yin wa'azi da Linjila, yana tafiya ta kudancin Indiya a jihohin Kerala da Tamil Nadu na zamani, [1] kuma daga ƙarshe ya kai Muziris (North Paravur da Kodungalloor na zamani) a cikin 52 AZ.[2][3][4] Ya fara Cocin Gabas a yankin da ke kusa da Lardin Van, Edessa, da yankunan Hakkari na Upper Mesopotamia (kudu maso gabashin Turkiyya na zamani), mai yiwuwa wani lokaci tsakanin tsakiyar 30s da 45, kuma ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana yin bishara ga Yahudawa da arna a yankin kafin ya ci gaba da gabas a ƙarshen 40s [5] [6] A cikin 1258, an kawo wasu daga cikin kayan tarihi zuwa Ortona, a Abruzzo, Italiya, inda aka gudanar da su a Cocin Saint Thomas Manzo . An dauke shi a matsayin mai kula da Indiya tsakanin mabiyanta na Kirista, kuma ana yin bikin Saint Thomas a ranar 3 ga Yuli a matsayin Ranar Kiristoci na Indiya. [3][7][8] Sunan Thomas ya kasance sananne ne a tsakanin Kiristoci na Saint Thomas na Yankin Indiya.

Ikklisiyoyi da yawa a Gabas ta Tsakiya da kudancin Asiya, ban da Indiya, sun kuma ambaci Manzo Thomas a cikin al'adunsu na tarihi a matsayin mai bishara na farko da ya kafa waɗancan majami'u, Ikilisiyar Gabas, [5] da kuma cocin farko na Sri Lanka. [9]   

Linjilar Yahaya

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Thomas ya fara magana a cikin Linjilar Yahaya. A cikin Yahaya 11:16, [10] lokacin da Li'azaru ya mutu kwanan nan, kuma manzanni ba sa son komawa Yahudiya, Toma ya ce: "Bari mu ma tafi, bari mu mutu tare da shi".[lower-alpha 2]

Thomas ya sake magana a cikin Yahaya 14:5. A can, Yesu kawai ya bayyana cewa yana tafiya don shirya gidan sama ga mabiyansa, kuma wata rana za su bi shi a can. Thomas ya amsa ta hanyar cewa, "Ya Ubangiji, ba mu san inda kake zuwa ba; kuma ta yaya za mu iya sanin hanyar?" [12]

Yahaya 20:24-29 [13] ya ba da labarin yadda Thomas ya yi shakku da farko lokacin da ya ji cewa Yesu ya tashi daga matattu kuma ya bayyana ga sauran manzannin, yana cewa, "Sai dai zan ga a hannunsa rubutun ƙusa, kuma in sanya yatsan ni cikin rubutun ƙusawa, kuma in tura hannuna a gefensa, ba zan yi imani ba. " [14] Amma lokacin da Yesu ya bayyana daga baya kuma ya gayyaci Thomas ya taɓa raunukansa ya gan shi, Thomas ya nuna bangaskiyarsa ta hanyar cewa, "Ubangijina da Allahna".[15] Yesu ya ce, "Thomas, saboda ka gan ni, ka yi imani: sun albarkace su waɗanda ba su gani ba, kuma duk da haka sun yi imani".[16]

Sunayen da kuma asalin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Sunan Thomas (Girkanci) da aka ba wa manzo a cikin Sabon Alkawari an samo shi ne daga Aramaic תְּאוֹמָא Tʾōmā (Syriac ♡ / ♡ Tʾōmā / Tāʾwma), ma'ana "mafiyi" kuma yana da alaƙa da Ibrananci תְֹּם tʾóm . Kalmar da ta dace da tagwaye a cikin Girkanci, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a Sabon Alkawari, shine Δίδυμος Didymos .

Sauran sunaye

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kwafin Nag Hammadi na Linjilar Toma ya fara: "Waɗannan maganganun sirri ne cewa Yesu mai rai ya yi magana kuma Didymus, Yahuza Toma, ya rubuta. " Hadisai na farko na Siriya sun haɗa da cikakken sunan manzo a matsayin Yahuza Toma. [lower-alpha 3] Wasu sun ga a cikin Ayyukan Toma (wanda aka rubuta a gabashin Siriya a farkon karni na 3, ko kuma watakila tun farkon rabin karni na 2) gano Toma tare da manzo Yahuza, Ɗan Yakubu. Koyaya, jumla ta farko ta Manzanni ta biyo bayan Linjila da Ayyukan Manzanni don rarrabe manzo Toma da manzo Yahuza ɗan Yakubu. Sauran, kamar Yakubu Tabor, sun bayyana shi a matsayin Yahuza, ɗan'uwan Yesu da Markus ya ambata. A cikin Littafin Thomas the Contender, wani ɓangare na ɗakin karatu na Nag Hammadi, an zarge shi da zama tagwaye ga Yesu: "Yanzu, tunda an ce kai tagwaye ne kuma aboki na gaskiya, bincika kanka..."

"Tomaoma mai shakka" mai shakka ne wanda ya ki yin imani ba tare da kwarewar kansa kai tsaye ba - ambaton Linjilar Yahaya game da kwatancin Manzo Toma, wanda, a cikin labarin Yahaya, ya ki yarda da Yesu da aka ta da daga matattu ya bayyana ga sauran manzannin goma har sai ya ga kuma ya ji raunukan gicciye na Yesu.

Kwanakin biki

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Lokacin da aka saka Bikin Saint Thomas a cikin kalandar Roman a karni na 9, an sanya shi zuwa 21 ga Disamba. Martyrology na St. Jerome ya ambaci manzo a ranar 3 ga Yuli, ranar da aka sauya bikin Roman a shekarar 1969, don haka ba zai sake tsoma baki da manyan ranakun biki na Zuwan ba.[18] Roman Katolika na gargajiya (waɗanda ke bin Janar Roman Kalandar na 1960 ko a baya), Ikilisiyar Lutheran, da kuma yawancin Anglicans (ciki har da membobin Ikilisiyar Episcopal da membobin Cocin Ingila waɗanda ke bautawa bisa ga fitowar 1662 na Littafin Addu'a ta Jama'a), har yanzu suna bikin ranar bikinsa a ranar 21 ga Disamba. Koyaya, yawancin kalandar liturgical na zamani (ciki har da kalandar Bauta ta Ikilisiyar Ingila) sun fi son 3 ga Yuli, ana tunawa da Thomas a cikin Ikilisiyar Ingilishi tare da Bikin.[19]

Orthodox na Gabas suna girmama Thomas a kwanakin da suka biyo baya:

  • Yuni 20 - Tunawa da Fassarar Abubuwan Manzanni Andrew, Thomas, da Luka; Annabi Elisha; da kuma Shahadar Li'azaru.[20][21]
  • Yuni 30 - Manzanni Goma Biyu.[22]
  • Oktoba 6 - Ranar biki na farko.[23]
  • Lahadi na farko bayan Easter - Lahadi na Thomas, wanda ke tunawa da lokacin da Kristi ya cire shakku na Thomas game da Kristi da ya tashi yana nuna raunukan a hannunsa da gefensa.[24]

Thomas kuma yana da alaƙa da "Arabian" (ko "Arapet") icon na Theotokos (Uwar Allah), wanda ake tunawa a ranar 6 ga Satumba. Har ila yau, an haɗa shi da Cincture na Theotokos, wanda ake tunawa da shi a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta.[25]

Cocin Orthodox na Malankara yana bikin bikinsa a kwana uku, 3 ga Yuli (don tunawa da fassarar zuwa Edessa, Şanlıurfa ta zamani), 18 ga Disamba (Ranar da aka kaddamar da shi), da 21 ga Disamba, [26]

Manazarta

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Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

  1. ↑ Fahlbusch et al. 2008.
  2. ↑ Slapak 1995.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Medlycott 1905.
  4. ↑ Puthiakunnel 1973.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Socotra: The Mysterious Island of the Assyrian Church of the East". Church of Beth Kokheh Journal. 2016-04-11. Archived from the original on 4 August 2021. Retrieved 2022-10-04. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "ace" defined multiple times with different content
  6. ↑ Johnson & Zacharia 2016.
  7. ↑ Carvalho, Nirmala (29 June 2021). "First Indian Christian Day on 3 July" (in Turanci). AsiaNews. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  8. ↑ Kumar, Anugrah (4 July 2021). "India: Christians celebrate first Indian Christian Day, feast of St. Thomas" (in Turanci). The Christian Post. Archived from the original on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
  9. ↑ Pinto, Leonard (September 23, 2013). "Sri Lanka: a brief history of Christianity". Scoop News. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-04.
  10. ↑ John 11:16
  11. ↑ Menachery 1973, p. 2.
  12. ↑ John 14:5
  13. ↑ John 20:24–29
  14. ↑ John 20:25
  15. ↑ John 20:28
  16. ↑ John 20:29
  17. ↑ Thurston 1913.
  18. ↑ Catholic Church 1969.
  19. ↑ "The Calendar". The Church of England (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-27.
  20. ↑ "June 20, 2017. + Orthodox Calendar". orthochristian.com. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  21. ↑ "Αποστολική Διακονία της Εκκλησίας της Ελλάδος". apostoliki-diakonia.gr. Archived from the original on March 17, 2018. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  22. ↑ "Synaxis of the Holy, Glorious and All-Praised Twelve Apostles". www.oca.org. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  23. ↑ "Holy, Glorious Apostle Thomas". www.oca.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  24. ↑ "Antipascha: Saint Thomas Sunday". www.oca.org. Archived from the original on April 29, 2023. Retrieved 2023-04-29.
  25. ↑ "The Placing of the Cincture (Sash) of the Mother of God". OCA. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
  26. ↑ "The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church". Archived from the original on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 2022-10-23.
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