Tony Benn
Anthony Neil Wedgwood Benn (3 ga Afrilu 1925 - 14 ga Maris 2014), wanda aka fi sani da Viscount Stansgate tsakanin 1960 da 1963, ɗan siyasa ne kuma mai fafutukar siyasa na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Burtaniya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ministan majalisar ministoci a shekarun 1960 da 1970. Ya kasance ɗan majalisar dokoki (MP) na Bristol South East da Chesterfield na tsawon shekaru 47 cikin 51 tsakanin 1950 da 2001. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Hadin Kan Yaƙi daga 2001 zuwa 2014.
An haifi Benn a Westminster, ɗan ministan ma'aikatar Labour William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount Stansgate, kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Westminster. An zabe shi a Bristol ta Kudu maso Gabas a Babban zaben 1950, amma a kan mutuwar mahaifinsa a shekarar 1960, ya gaji matsayinsa, wanda ya hana shi ci gaba da aiki a matsayin dan majalisa. Ya yi gwagwarmaya don ya kasance a cikin House of Commons kuma ya yi kamfen don ikon yin watsi da taken, kamfen ɗin da ya yi nasara tare da Dokar Peerage ta 1963. Ya kasance memba mai aiki na Fabian Society kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban daga 1964 zuwa 1965. Ya yi aiki a gwamnatin Labour ta Harold Wilson, da farko a matsayin Janar Janar, inda ya kula da bude Hasumiyar Ofishin Jakadancin, sannan daga baya a matsayin Ministan Fasaha.
Benn ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Kwamitin Zartarwa na Kasa daga 1971 zuwa 1972 yayin da yake cikin adawa. A cikin Gwamnatin Labour ta 1974-1979, ya koma majalisar ministoci a matsayin Sakataren Gwamnati na Masana'antu kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Sataren Gwamnati don Makamashi. Ya riƙe wannan mukamin lokacin da James Callaghan ya gaji Wilson a matsayin Firayim Minista. Lokacin da Jam'iyyar Labour ta kasance cikin adawa a cikin shekarun 1980, ya fito a matsayin fitaccen mutum a gefen hagu na jam'iyyar kuma bai yi nasara ba ya kalubalanci Neil Kinnock don jagorancin Labour a shekarar 1988. Bayan barin majalisa a babban zaben shekara ta 2001, Benn ya kasance Shugaban kungiyar Stop the War Coalition har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 2014.
An ga Benn a matsayin babban mai goyon bayan mulkin demokraɗiyya da mulkin demokraɗɗen kirista, kodayake game da wannan ya goyi bayan Burtaniya ta zama ƙasa mai zaman kanta kuma ta kawo Ƙarshen matsayin Ikilisiyar Ingila a matsayin cocin hukuma na Burtaniya. Da farko an dauke shi a matsayin mai matsakaici a cikin jam'iyyar, an gano shi a matsayin na hagu bayan ya bar ofishin minista. Kalmomin Bennism da Bennite sun fara amfani da su don bayyana siyasar hagu da ya goyi bayan daga ƙarshen 1970s da mabiyanta. Ya kasance mai tasiri a kan ra'ayoyin siyasa na Jeremy Corbyn, wanda aka zaba Shugaban Jam'iyyar Labour shekara guda bayan mutuwar Benn, da John McDonnell, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer a karkashin Corbyn.
Rayuwa ta farko da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Benn a Westminster, London, a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1925. Yana da 'yan'uwa biyu, Michael (1921-1944), wanda aka kashe a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da David (1928-2017), ƙwararre a Rasha da Gabashin Turai. Bayan ambaliyar Thames a watan Janairun 1928 gidansu ba za a iya zama ba don haka dangin Benn sun koma Scotland sama da watanni 12. Mahaifin su, William Benn, ya kasance memba na majalisa na Liberal daga 1906 wanda ya haye ƙasa zuwa Jam'iyyar Labour a 1928 kuma Ramsay MacDonald ya nada shi Sakataren Gwamnati na Indiya a 1929, matsayin da ya rike har zuwa nasarar da Jam'iyyar Labor ta yi a zaben a 1931.
An ɗaga William Benn zuwa House of Lords kuma an ba shi taken Viscount Stansgate a 1942, yayin da sabuwar gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta lokacin yaƙi ba ta da ma'aikatan Labour a cikin babban gidan. Daga baya aka lakafta Tony Benn tare da prefix mai daraja, The Honourable . A cikin 1945-1946, William Benn ya kasance Sakataren Gwamnati na Air a cikin Gwamnatin Labour ta farko.
Mahaifiyar Benn, Margaret Benn (née Holmes, 1897-1991), masanin tauhidi ne, mai fafutukar mata kuma wanda ya kafa Shugaban Tarayyar Ikilisiya . Ta kasance memba na League of the Church Militant, wanda shine magajin Movement for the Ordination of Women; a cikin 1925, Randall Davidson, Archbishop na Canterbury, ya tsawata mata, saboda bayar da shawarar tsarkake mata. Ilimin tauhidin mahaifiyarsa yana da tasiri sosai a kan Benn, yayin da ta koya masa cewa labaran da ke cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki galibi game da gwagwarmaya tsakanin annabawa da sarakuna ne kuma ya kamata a rayuwarsa ya goyi bayan annabawa a kan sarakuna, waɗanda ke da iko, kamar yadda annabawa suka koyar da adalci.