Trachoma
| Trachoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri |
bacterial conjunctivitis (en) , neglected tropical disease (en) Chlamydia |
| Field of study (en) |
Cututtukan cututtuka (ƙwarewar kiwon lafiya) ophthalmology (en) |
| Sanadi |
Chlamydia trachomatis (mul) |
| Physical examination (en) |
physical examination (en) , microbiological culture (en) , immunofluorescence microscopy (en) polymerase chain reaction (en) |
| Therapy (en) | |
| Magani |
sulfacetamide (en) , sulfisoxazole diolamine (en) , azithromycin (en) da tetracycline (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | A71, A71.1, A71.0 da A71.9 |
| ICD-9-CM | 076.9, 076, 076.0 da 076.1 |
| ICD-9 | 076 |
| DiseasesDB | 29100 |
| MedlinePlus | 001486 |
| eMedicine | 001486 |
| MeSH | D014141 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:11265 |
 |
 Ka duba wannan shafin domin sanin yanda zaka gyara wannan mukalar Koyon rubuta mukala  Akwai yuwar admin ya goge wannan shafin matukar ba'a inganta ta ba. |
Trachoma cuta ce mai yaduwa da kwayalr cuta Chlamydia trachomatis ta haifar.[1] Cutar tana haifar da tsananin ciki na gashin ido.[1] Wannan tsananin na iya haifar da ciwon ido, rushewar waje ko cornea na idanu, da kuma makanta.[1] Ba tare da magani ba, maimaita cututtukan trachoma na iya haifar da wani nau'i na makanta na dindindin lokacin da idanu suka juya ciki.[1]
Kwayoyin da ke haifar da cutar na iya yaduwa ta hanyar hulɗa kai tsaye da kai tsaye tare da idanun mutumin da ya shafa ko hanci.[1] Saduwa ta kai tsaye ta haɗa da tufafi ko kwari waɗanda suka haɗu da idanun ko hanci na mutumin da ya shafa.[1] Yara suna yaduwar cutar sau da yawa fiye da manya.[1] Rashin tsabtace muhalli, yanayin rayuwa mai yawa, da rashin isasshen ruwa mai tsabta da bayan gida suma suna ƙara yaduwar.[1]
Kokarin hana cutar ya haɗa da inganta damar samun ruwa mai tsabta da magani tare da maganin rigakafi don rage yawan mutanen da suka kamu da kwayar cuta.[1] Wannan na iya haɗawa da warkarwa, duk a lokaci guda, dukan ƙungiyoyin mutanen da aka sani da cutar ta zama ruwan dare.[2] Yin wanka, da kansa, bai isa ya hana cuta ba, amma yana iya zama da amfani tare da wasu matakai.[3] Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun haɗa da azithromycin na baki da tetracycline na yau da kullun.[2] An fi son Azithromycin saboda ana iya amfani dashi azaman kashi ɗaya na baki.[4] Bayan an yi amfani da gashin ido, ana iya buƙatar tiyata don gyara matsayin gashin ido da hana makanta.[1]
A duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 80 suna da kamuwa da cuta.[5] A wasu yankuna, kamuwa da cuta na iya kasancewa a cikin yara da yawa kusan 60-90% . [1] Daga cikin manya yana shafar mata fiye da maza, mai yiwuwa saboda kusanci da yara.[1] Cutar ita ce sanadin raguwar hangen nesa a cikin mutane miliyan 2.2, daga cikinsu miliyan 1.2 makanta ne gaba ɗaya.[1] Trachoma matsala ce ta kiwon lafiyar jama'a a kasashe 38 a duk faɗin Afirka, Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin, da Ostiraliya.[6] Akwai mutane miliyan 103 da ke cikin haɗari, daga miliyan 228.9 a cikin 2013. [1][6] Yana haifar da asarar tattalin arziki na dala biliyan 8 a shekara.[1] Yana cikin rukuni na cututtukan da aka sani da cututtukani masu ban sha'awa.[5]
Alamomi da alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].jpg)
Kwayar cuta tana da lokacin shayarwa na kwanaki 10, bayan haka mutumin da ya shafa yana fuskantar alamun conjunctivitis ko "pink eye".[7] Makantar trachoma mai kama da juna ya haifar da abubuwa da yawa na sake kamuwa da cuta wanda ke kula da kumburi mai tsanani a cikin conjunctiva. Ba tare da sake kamuwa da cuta ba, kumburi a hankali yana raguwa.
Ana kiran kumburi na conjunctival "trachoma mai aiki" kuma yawanci ana ganinsa a cikin yara, musamman wadanda ke cikin makarantar sakandare. Ana nuna shi da fararen kumfa a ƙarƙaho gashin ido na sama (conjunctival follicles ko cibiyoyin ƙwayoyin lymphoid) da kuma kumburi da ƙuƙwalwa, sau da yawa ana danganta shi da papillae. Follicles na iya bayyana a mahaɗar cornea da sclera (follicles na ƙashi). Trachoma mai aiki sau da yawa yana iya zama mai ban haushi kuma yana da fitarwa mai ruwa. Cutar kwayar cuta ta biyu na iya faruwa kuma ta haifar da fitar da pus.[8]
Canje-canje na tsarin trachoma daga baya ana kiransu "cicatricial trachoma". Wadannan sun hada da scarring a karkashin ido (tarsal conjunctiva) wanda ke karkatar da ido tare da buckling na murfin (tarsus), don haka lashes suna shafawa akan ido (trichiasis). Wannan na iya haifar da rashin haske na corneal da scarring sannan kuma ga makanta. Ana kiran alamun layi a cikin sulcus subtarsalis [1] Layin Arlt (mai suna bayan Carl Ferdinand von Arlt). Bugu da kari, jijiyoyin jini da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya mamaye cornea na sama (pannus). Ƙarƙashin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na iya barin ƙananan gibin a cikin pannus (ƙananan Herbert). [2]
Yawancin lokaci, yara da ke fama da trachoma mai aiki ba sa nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka, kamar yadda ƙananan fushin da fitar da ido kawai an yarda da su kamar yadda ya saba, amma ƙarin alamun na iya haɗawa da: [ana buƙatar ambaton][ana buƙatar hujja]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Blinding Trachoma Fact sheet N°382". World Health Organization. November 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "WHO2013" defined multiple times with different content. - 1 2 Evans, Jennifer R.; Solomon, Anthony W.; Kumar, Rahul; Perez, Ángela; Singh, Balendra P.; Srivastava, Rajat Mohan; Harding-Esch, Emma (26 September 2019). "Antibiotics for trachoma". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 9 (9). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001860.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6760986. PMID 31554017.
- ↑ Ejere, HO; Alhassan, MB; Rabiu, M (20 February 2015). "Face washing promotion for preventing active trachoma". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (2). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003659.pub4. PMC 4441394. PMID 25697765.
- ↑ Mariotti SP (November 2004). "New steps toward eliminating blinding trachoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 351 (19): 2004–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMe048205. PMID 15525727.
- 1 2 Fenwick, A (Mar 2012). "The global burden of neglected tropical diseases". Public Health. 126 (3): 233–6. doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2011.11.015. PMID 22325616.
- 1 2 "Trachoma". WHO. 2024-10-21. Retrieved 2025-07-11.
- ↑ Foster, Allen; Mabey, David C W; Peeling, Rosanna W; Solomon, Anthony W (2004). "Diagnosis and Assessment of Trachoma". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 17 (4): 982–1011. doi:10.1128/CMR.17.4.982-1011.2004. PMC 523557. PMID 15489358.
- ↑ "Trachoma - including symptoms, treatment and prevention". South Australia Health. Retrieved 2022-10-26.