Tsare Dukkanin Dalibai

Tsare Dukkanin Dalibai
Asali
Characteristics

Dokar Kiyaye Duk Dalibai ko KASSA ( H.R. 3474, S. 1858 ) an tsara shi don kare yara daga cin zarafi na kamewa da keɓancewa a makaranta. An gabatar da daftarin doka na farko na Majalisa a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2007, kuma aka sanya wa suna Dokar Hana Hana Mummuna da Keɓewa a cikin Dokar Makarantu. Masu ba da tallafi na farko na takardun kudi guda biyu sune Sanata Tom Harkin (D-IA), Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai na Lafiya, Ilimi, Kwadago, da Kwamitin Fansho, Dan Majalisa George Miller (D-CA), Wakilin Kwamitin Ilimi da Ma'aikata na Majalisar, da kuma dan majalisa Gregg Harper (R-MS).

Bayarwa da tarihin majalisu

Majalisa	Gajeren take	Lambar lissafin (s)	Kwanan wata da aka gabatar	Masu tallafawa	# na masu tallafawa	Sabon hali
Majalisa ta 111	Kiyaye Dokar Tsaron Duk ɗalibai	H.R. 4247	Disamba 9, 2009	George Miller (D-CA)	40	Gidan da aka wuce (262-153)
		S. 3895	Satumba 29, 2010	Chris Dodd (D-CT)	1	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 112		H.R. 1381	Afrilu 6, 2011	George Miller (D-CA)	57	Ya mutu a kwamitin
		S. 2020	Disamba 16, 2011	Tom Harkin (D-IA)	0	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 113		H.R. 1893	Mayu 8, 2013	George Miller (D-CA)	66	Ya mutu a kwamitin
		S. 2036	Fabrairu 24, 2014	Tom Harkin (D-IA)	4	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 114		H.R. 927	Fabrairu 12, 2015	Don Beyer (D-VA)	42	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 115		H.R. 7124	Nuwamba 14, 2018	Don Beyer (D-VA)	40	Ya mutu a kwamitin
		S. 3626	Nuwamba 14, 2018	Chris Murphy (D-CT)	3	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 116		H.R. 8782	Nuwamba 19, 2020	Don Beyer (D-VA)	81	Ya mutu a kwamitin
		S. 4924	Nuwamba 30, 2020	Chris Murphy (D-CT)	15	Ya mutu a kwamitin
Majalisa ta 117		H.R. 3474	Mayu 25, 2021	Don Beyer (D-VA)	92	Koma zuwa Ilimi da Ayyukan Kwadago da Makamai
		S. 1858	Mayu 26, 2021	Chris Murphy (D-CT)	14	Ana Magana akan Lafiya, Ilimi, Ma'aikata da Fansho

Kamewa ya haɗa da hana mutum motsi da hana shi ko ita motsi hannayensa, ƙafafu, jikinsa, ko kansa kyauta. Keɓanta ya haɗa da tsare mutum ba da gangan ba a cikin ɗaki ko wurin da aka hana mutum fita daga jiki, ko ɗakin yana kulle ko kuma an toshe ƙofar da kayan aiki.

A cikin 2009, Ofishin Ba da Lamuni na Gwamnatin Amurka (GAO) ya gudanar da wani bincike a duk faɗin ƙasa game da amfani da kamewa da keɓancewa a makarantu da illolinsa. GAO ta sami "ɗaruruwan shari'o'in da ake zargi da cin zarafi da kuma mutuwar da suka shafi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin a kan yaran makaranta a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata." Yawancin abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da yara masu nakasa waɗanda suka shiga cikin ilimi na musamman, GAO ya ruwaito.

GAO ta rubuta mutuwar yara 20 daga kamewa. GAO kuma ta ba da rahoto game da kamewa wanda ya haifar da karyewar makamai, da kuma masu kindergartn da aka ɗaure a kan kujeru tare da tef ɗin kuma waɗanda ke fama da hancin jini. Wani matashi ya rataye kansa a wani dakin keɓe, yayin da wani malami ya zauna a wajen ɗakin. Kafin wasan na ƙarshe, an tsare shi sau 19 a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan ɗaki 8 da ƙafa 8 na matsakaicin mintuna 94 kowane lokaci. Ba a sanar da iyayensa ba. GAO ta gano cewa an sanya wani ɗan New York shi kaɗai a cikin ɗakin keɓe sau 75 a cikin watanni 6 don busawa da ɓacin rai. cibiyar sadarwar yadudduka ta kasa da shugabannin iyayen iyaye da masu ba da shaida a kasar da ke amfani da su da kuma tsaro a cikin

A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2009, Kwamitin Ilimi da Ma'aikata na Majalisar ya gudanar da sauraren ra'ayoyi game da amfani da kamewa da keɓancewa, wanda ɗan majalisa George Miller ya jagoranta.

Wata shaida ta shaida cewa an kashe danta mai shekaru 14 a lokacin da malaminsa mai nauyin fam 230 ya hana shi, wanda ya lakada masa duka ta hanyar kwanciya a kansa a lokacin da aka samu sabani game da abincin rana. Wani mai shaida ya shaida cewa ’yarta mai shekaru 7 ta samu rauni lokacin da aka tsare ta da fuska saboda wasa da hakori, amma makarantar ba ta sanar da iyayen ba. Ta kuma shaida cewa daga baya an sake takura wa yaron nata, kuma ya yi mata tsautsayi, amma ba a sanar da ita takura ba. Ta shaida cewa an hana sauran yaran samun abinci, ruwa, da bandaki yayin da aka kebe su a dakunan da aka kebe.

GAO ya gabatar da shaida game da rahotonsa da bincikensa game da kamewa da keɓancewa, da haɗarin mutuwa da rauni. GAO kuma ya ba da rahoton cewa an yi amfani da kamewa da keɓancewa don sarrafa ƙananan halayen ɗalibi kamar yin magana ba tare da juyowa ba ko ƙin zama a kujera. Wani mai shaida na saurare ya shaida cewa ana iya buƙatar kamewa a cikin gaggawa. Ya yi nuni da cewa, a wasu lokutan malamai na bukatar su yi amfani da kamun kai a cikin yanayi na gaggawa, inda ake samun kasadar cewa yaro zai raunata kansa ko wasu kuma babu wani abu da zai hana faruwar hatsarin nan take. Malamai na iya yin amfani da kamewa da keɓantawa yadda ya kamata a cikin waɗancan yanayin, mashaidi ya shaida. Wakilin Hukumar Ilimi ta Jihar Illinois ya gabatar da bayanai daga Illinois da ke nuna cewa aiwatar da ingantaccen ɗabi'a mai kyau a makaranta ya rage amfani da kamewa da keɓancewa sosai.

Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa, yara, galibi yara masu nakasa, suna fuskantar keɓancewa da kamewa fiye da manya, kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin rauni sakamakon waɗannan ayyukan. Majalisar ta kuma bayar da rahoton cewa yara ‘yan kasa da shekaru 12 ana tsare su ko kuma a kebe su fiye da kowane rukunin shekaru. Majalisar wakilai ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa, "amfani da kamewa da keɓance sau da yawa yana ƙara tsananta halayen da ma'aikatan ke ƙoƙarin kawar da su."

Domin babu dokar tarayya, kamun kai da dokokin keɓancewa. Rahoton 2012 na Jessica Butler na Kwamitin Kasa na Autism ya taƙaita keɓancewar jihohi da dokoki da manufofi. An ba da rahoton cewa jihohi 14 ne kawai ke iyakance amfani da kamewa ga abubuwan gaggawa da suka shafi barazanar rauni na jiki. 11 kawai ko dai sun haramta kowane nau'i na keɓancewa ko kuma ƙuntata shi ga barazanar cutar da jiki ta gaggawa. Akwai jihohi 27 waɗanda ba su da buƙatu don sanar da iyaye lokacin da aka hana yaro ko keɓe kuma jihohi 12 ne kawai ke buƙatar sanarwar rana ɗaya ko gobe.

Kasancewar babu gidan share fage na kasa da ke tattara bayanai kan amfani da fasahohin, ba a san ainihin adadin yaran da aka yi wa takunkumi da keɓewa a makaranta ba. GAO ta gano cewa jihohi biyar ne kawai ke adana bayanan. A cikin biyu daga cikinsu, Texas da California, an sami kararraki sama da 33,000 a cikin 2007-08. Yawancin yaran suna da nakasar fahimi, Autism, nakasar lafiyar hankali, rashin kulawa da sauran nakasa. Farfesa Reece Peterson ya ba da shaida a Majalisar Ilimi da Ma'aikata game da bukatar dokar tarayya da ke buƙatar tattara bayanai a duk faɗin ƙasar.

A ranar 9 ga Disamba, 2009, watanni shida bayan zaman majalisar, dan majalisa George Miller ne ya gabatar da dokar kamun kai da kebe na kasa na farko. Wata 'yar majalisa Cathy McMorris Rodgers ce ta dauki nauyinsa. Sanata Chris Dodd ne ya gabatar da kudirin doka a majalisar dattawa.

Kudirin gidan na 2009 an ƙidaya shi HR 4247 kuma mai take "Hana Ƙuntatawar Cutarwa da Keɓewa a Dokar Makarantu." An ƙidaya lissafin Majalisar Dattijai S. 2860 kuma yana da lakabi iri ɗaya.

A ranar 3 ga Maris, 2010, Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da HR 4247 (yanzu an sake masa suna da Dokar Tsare Dukan Dalibai). Kuri'u 262-153 ne, yayin da 'yan Democrat 238 da 'yan Republican 24 suka amince. Kudirin bai wuce Majalisar Dattawa ba. An gabatar da dokar Majalisar dattijai da aka yi wa kwaskwarima, S.3895, a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 2010, kuma Sanata Dodd da Sanata Burr suka dauki nauyin. Bai wuce majalisar dattawa ba. Saboda ana buƙatar izinin majalisun biyu na Majalisa don Shugaban ƙasa ya yi la'akari da wani doka a Amurka, duk takaddun sun mutu a ƙarshen 111th Congress a Disamba 2010.

An sake gabatar da kuɗaɗen ƙuntatawa da keɓancewa a cikin Majalisa ta 112 a cikin 2011. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2011, ɗan majalisa George Miller (D-CA), Mamba na Kwamitin Ilimi da Ma'aikata na Majalisar, ya sake gabatar da Dokar Tsare Duk Dalibai, wanda ɗan majalisa Greg Harper (R-MS) ya dauki nauyinsa. A ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2011, bikin cika shekaru biyu na kudurin farko na dan majalisa Miller, Sanata Tom Harkin, Shugaban Kwamitin Kula da Lafiya na Majalisar Dattijai na Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata na Fansho, ya gabatar da wani nau'i daban-daban na Dokar Tsare Dukiyar Dalibai, S. 2020.

Bayanin Dokar Kiyaye Duk Dalibai

Wannan sashe na labarin ya mai da hankali kan sabbin kudurori guda biyu da aka gabatar a Majalisa ta 112 a shekara ta 2011. Sassan Majalisa da Majalisar Dattijai na Dokar Kiyaye Duk Dalibai sun bambanta.

Har ila yau, dokar majalisar dattijai ta haramta kamewa da ke kawo cikas ga ikon sadarwa. GAO ya ba da rahoton aƙalla lokuta huɗu waɗanda yara na magana waɗanda suka mutu ko suka ji rauni a cikin kamewa sun gaya wa ma'aikatan cewa ba za su iya numfashi ba. Yara da yawa ba sa iya magana ko samun wahalar yin hakan, kuma suna dogara da yaren kurame ko na'urorin sadarwa masu haɓakawa. Bugu da ƙari, dokar Majalisar Dattawa ta buƙaci a gudanar da tattaunawa, inda ma'aikatan makaranta, iyaye, da ɗalibin za su iya halarta. An yi niyya ne don ragewa da kawar da kamewa da keɓancewa, ta hanyar tantance abin da ya haifar da taron da yadda za a kauce masa a nan gaba, da kuma yin nazari, tsarawa, da aiwatar da ayyuka masu kyau.

Bayanin dan majalisa Miller akan gabatarwa

Lokacin da Majalisar Miller Miller ta sake gabatar da lissafin gidan a shekarar 2011, ya bayyana dalilan sa na yin hakan, "Wasu lokuta 3 da 4 da haihuwa ya kamata a yi amfani da su ne kawai a matsayin makoma. Masu sana'a, amma GAO ya gano cewa ba haka lamarin yake ba .

Jawabin Sanata Harkin Kan Gabatarwa

Sanata Harkin ya gabatar da kudirin sa tare da bayyana dalilan yin hakan. Ya ce, "Na yi farin cikin gabatar da a yau Dokar Tsare Duka Dalibai. Wannan muhimmiyar doka za ta kare yara 'yan makaranta daga cututtuka marasa tasiri da barazanar rayuwa da kuma kamewa. yana ba da damar yin amfani da kamewa a cikin yanayin gaggawa don hana mummunan rauni ga ɗalibin, sauran ɗalibai a cikin aji, ko ma'aikata, yana kuma buƙatar shirin horar da rikicin rikicin da jihar ta amince da shi game da yadda za a tunkari irin waɗannan yanayi na gaggawa."

Sanata Harkin ya kuma yi magana kan batutuwan da suka shafi bayanai, "Wani batu da binciken na GAO ya bankado shi ne, babu wani gidan yanar gizo, ko hukumar tarayya, ko wata hukuma a halin yanzu da ke tattara cikakkun bayanai da suka shafi amfani da tsare-tsare da keɓancewa a makarantun ƙasarmu. Wannan dokar za ta magance wannan lamarin, kamar yadda ya buƙaci kowace hukumar ilimi ta Jiha ta shirya tare da gabatar da rahoton ɗauke da bayanan" yin amfani da kamun kai da keɓancewa."

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa

A Maris 2012, Ofishin 'Yancin Jama'a na Sashen Ilimi na Amurka ya gabatar da rahoto game da Tarin Bayanan 'Yancin Bil'adama. Ya ba da rahoton cewa ɗaliban da ke da nakasa suna wakiltar kashi 12% na ɗalibai a cikin samfurin tattara bayanai, amma kusan kashi 70% na ɗaliban da manya suka hana su a makaranta. Ga waɗancan makarantun waɗanda suka ba da rahoton bayanai, an sami jimillar al'amuran 38,792 na kamun kai. CRDC kuma ta sami rashin daidaituwar launin fata da kabilanci a cikin kamewa da amfani da keɓancewa. Daliban Ba-Amurkan sun kasance kashi 21% na ɗaliban da ke da nakasa a ƙarƙashin hidimar IDEA, amma kashi 44% na ɗaliban da ke da nakasa sun fuskanci kamun kai. 'Ya'yan Hispanic sun kasance marasa daidaituwa ga keɓancewa.