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Tsarin budewa

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Tsarin budewa
type of standard (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na specification (en) Fassara, technical standard (en) Fassara da measurement standard (en) Fassara
WordLift URL (en) Fassara http://data.thenextweb.com/tnw/entity/open_standard

Matsayi mai buɗewa shine ma'auni wanda kowa zai iya amfani da shi a bayyane. Har ila yau, wajibi ne na yau da kullun cewa ka'idojin budewa suna amfani da lasisi mai budewa wanda ke ba da faɗaɗa. Yawanci, kowa na iya shiga cikin ci gaban su saboda yanayin budewa. Babu ma'anar guda ɗaya, kuma fassarori sun bambanta da amfani. Misalan ka'idojin budewa sun haɗa da ka'idoorin GSM, 4G, da 5G waɗanda ke ba da damar yawancin wayoyin hannu na zamani suyi aiki a duk duniya.

Ma'ana

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Kalmomin bude da daidaitattun suna da ma'anoni masu yawa da ke da alaƙa da amfani da su. Akwai ma'anoni da yawa na ka'idojin budewa waɗanda ke jaddada fannoni daban-daban na buɗewa, gami da buɗewar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden, buɗewar tsarin rubuce-rubuce, da mallakar haƙƙoƙi a cikin ma'auni. Kalmar "ma'auni" wani lokacin ana iyakance ta ga fasahar da kwamitocin da aka tsara suka amince da ita waɗanda ke buɗewa ga shiga ta dukkan bangarorin da ke da sha'awar kuma suna aiki bisa yarjejeniya.

Ma'anar kalmar bude ma'auni da masana kimiyya, Tarayyar Turai, da wasu daga cikin gwamnatocin membobinta ko majalisun kamar Denmark, Faransa, da Spain sun hana bude ma'anar da ke buƙatar kudade don amfani, kamar yadda gwamnatocin New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu da Venezuelan suka yi. A gefen daidaitattun ƙungiyoyi, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) yana tabbatar da cewa za'a iya aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun ta a kan tushen sarauta.

Yawancin ma'anar kalmar misali suna ba da izini ga Masu riƙe da takardar shaidar su tilasta "masu lasisi masu ma'ana da ba na nuna bambanci" kudaden sarauta da sauran sharuddan lasisi ga masu aiwatarwa ko masu amfani da ma'auni. Misali, ka'idojin da aka buga ta manyan hukumomin da aka amince da su a duniya kamar su Intanet Engineering Task Force (IETF), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), da ITU-T sun ba da izinin ka'idodinsu su ƙunshe da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden waɗanda aiwatarwa za su buƙaci biyan kuɗin lasisin lasisi. Daga cikin wadannan kungiyoyi, kawai IETF da ITU-T a bayyane suke magana game da ka'idodinsu a matsayin "ka'idojin budewa", yayin da sauran ke magana ne kawai game da samar da "ka'idodi". IETF da ITU-T suna amfani da ma'anar "ma'auni mai budewa" wanda ke ba da damar "ma'ana da rashin nuna bambanci" bukatun lasisin lasisi.

Akwai wadanda ke cikin al'ummar software masu budewa waɗanda ke riƙe da cewa "ma'auni mai budewa" yana buɗewa ne kawai idan za'a iya karɓar shi kyauta, aiwatarwa da faɗaɗa shi.[1] Duk da yake ana ɗaukar ƙa'idodin buɗewa ko gine-gine waɗanda ba masu mallaka ba ne a cikin ma'anar cewa ƙa'idar ba ta mallaka ba ko mallakar ƙungiya ce, har yanzu ana iya raba ta a fili kuma ba a kiyaye ta sosai ba. Misali na al'ada na "maɓallin buɗewa" wanda ya zama misali shine kwamfutar sirri da IBM ta samo asali kuma yanzu ana kiranta Wintel, haɗuwa da tsarin aiki na Microsoft da Intel microprocessor. Akwai wasu uku da aka fi yarda da su a matsayin "buɗe" wanda ya haɗa da wayoyin GSM (wanda aka karɓa a matsayin ma'auni na gwamnati), Open Group wanda ke inganta UNIX, da kuma Injiniyan Injiniyan Intanet (IETF) wanda ya kirkiro ka'idojin farko na SMTP da TCP / IP. Masu siye sun fi son ka'idojin budewa waɗanda suka yi imanin suna ba su samfuran da suka fi rahusa da ƙarin zaɓi don samun dama saboda tasirin cibiyar sadarwa da karuwar gasa tsakanin masu siyarwa.

Ka'idojin budewa waɗanda ke ƙayyade tsarin wani lokacin ana kiransu Tsarin budewa.

Yawancin ƙayyadaddun da ake kira a wasu lokuta a matsayin ƙa'idodi mallakar ne, kuma ana samun su ne kawai (idan za a iya samun su kwata-kwata) a ƙarƙashin ƙayyadadden yarjejeniya daga ƙungiyar da ke da haƙƙin mallaka akan ƙayyadam ɗin. Saboda haka ba a la'akari da waɗannan ƙayyadaddun a buɗe su ba. Joel West ya yi jayayya cewa ka'idodin "buɗewa" ba baki da fari ba ne amma suna da matakai daban-daban na "buɗe".[2] Wani ma'auni mai bude yana faruwa ne lokacin da ilimin fasahar ya warwatse sosai don haka gasa ta karu kuma wasu suna iya fara kwafin fasahar yayin da suke aiwatar da ita. Wannan ya faru ne tare da gine-ginen Wintel yayin da wasu suka iya fara yin koyi da software. Ƙananan ka'idojin budewa sun wanzu lokacin da wani kamfani yana da iko sosai (ba mallaka ba) akan ma'auni, wanda zai iya faruwa lokacin da dandamali na kamfani "ya ci" a cikin daidaitattun saiti ko kasuwa ya sa dandamali ɗaya ya fi shahara.

Takamaiman ma'anar ma'auni mai buɗewa

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An yi ta hanyar daidaitattun hukumomi

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Ma'anar IEEE, ISOC, W3C, IETF da IAB

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A ranar 12 ga watan Agusta, 2012, Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE), Intanet Society (ISOC), World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Intanet Engineering Task Force (IETF) da Hukumar Gine-ginen Intanet (IAB), tare sun tabbatar da ka'idojin da suka ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban Intanet da fasahar da ta shafi. "Ka'idodin OpenStand" suna bayyana ka'idojin budewa kuma suna kafa tubalan gini don kirkire-kirkire.[3][4] Matsayi da aka haɓaka ta amfani da ka'idodin OpenStand ana haɓaka su ta hanyar buɗewa, tsarin shiga, tallafawa haɗin kai, haɓaka gasa ta duniya, ana karɓar su da son rai a matakin duniya kuma suna aiki a matsayin tubalan gini don samfuran da aiyuka da aka tsara don biyan bukatun kasuwanni da masu amfani. Wannan yana haifar da kirkire-kirkire wanda, bi da bi, ke ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar sabbin kasuwanni da ci gaba da fadada kasuwanni da ke akwai.

Akwai ka'idojin OpenStand guda biyar, kamar yadda aka tsara a ƙasa:

1. Haɗin kai Haɗin kai na girmamawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙa'idodi, inda kowannensu ke girmama ikon cin gashin kai, mutunci, matakai, da ƙa'idodin mallakar ilimi na wasu.

2. Biya ga Ka'idoji - Biya ga ka'idoji guda biyar na ci gaban ka'idojin, wato

  • Tsarin da ya dace: Ana yanke shawara tare da daidaito da adalci tsakanin mahalarta. Babu wata jam'iyya da ke mamayewa ko jagorantar ci gaban ka'idoji. Hanyoyin ka'idoji a bayyane suke kuma akwai damar da za a yanke shawara. Hanyoyi don sake dubawa da sabuntawa na lokaci-lokaci an bayyana su sosai.
  • Yarjejeniya mai zurfi: Hanyoyi suna ba da damar yin la'akari da duk ra'ayoyin da za a iya magance su, ta yadda za a iya samun yarjejeniya a duk faɗin abubuwan da ke sha'awa.
  • Bayyanawa: Ƙungiyoyin ka'idoji suna ba da sanarwar jama'a game da ayyukan ci gaban ka'idojin da aka tsara, girman aikin da za a gudanar, da kuma yanayin shiga. Ana ba da rubuce-rubucen yanke shawara da kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen cimma waɗannan yanke shawara. Ana ba da lokutan sharhi na jama'a kafin amincewa da amincewa da tallafi na ƙarshe.
  • Daidaitawa: Ayyukan ka'idoji ba su mamaye wani mutum ba, kamfani ko ƙungiyar sha'awa.
  • Budewa: Tsarin ka'idoji suna buɗewa ga duk masu sha'awar da masu ilimi.

3. karfafawa ta Ƙungiya ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙungiyoyin ƙa'idodi da mahalarta ga ƙarfafawa ta rukuni ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ƙa'idodinsu cewa:

Dubi kuma

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  1. ↑ Chesbrough, Henry William; Vanhaverbeke, Wim; West, Joel (2008). "Tim Simcoe: 'Chapter 8: Open Standards and Intellectual Property Rights' in Open Innovation: Researching A New Paradigm". Oxford University Press. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
  2. ↑ Greenstein, Shane, and Victor Sango, eds. Standards and Public Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  3. ↑ Greenstein, Shane, and Victor Sango, eds. Standards and Public Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  4. ↑ Greenstein, Shane, and Victor Sango, eds. Standards and Public Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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