Tsarin cikin gida
 Tsarin cikin gida | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
occupational disease (en)  da property damage (en) |
| Has cause (en) | Damshi (tsari) |
| Has immediate cause (en) |
mold (en) |
| Yana haddasa | Matsalolin kiwon lafiya |
| Karatun ta |
building biology (en) da Lafiyar muhalli |
| Afflicts (en) | gini |
Tsarin cikin gida (Turanci na Amurka) ko ƙirar cikin gida (British English), kuma wani lokacin ana kiranta mildew, ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta ne wanda ke tasowa a kan kayan rigar a cikin sarari na ciki. Mold wani bangare ne na halitta, wanda ke ko'ina cikin muhalli kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayi ta hanyar rushe matattu kwayoyin halitta kamar faduwar ganye da itatuwa da suka mutu; a cikin gida, ya kamata a guje wa ci gaban mold saboda yana iya shafar amincin tsarin gine-gine kuma yana haifar da haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mutane masu saukin kamuwa.[1] Mold yana haifuwa ta hanyar ƙananan spores, wanda ke da girman daga 1 zuwa 40 microns. Kwayoyin suna kama da tsaba, amma ba a ganuwa da ido ba, wanda ke iyo a cikin iska kuma ya ajiye a saman. Lokacin da zafin jiki, danshi, da yanayin abubuwan gina jiki da ke akwai daidai ne, ƙwayoyin zasu iya zama sabbin yankuna inda aka ajiye su.[2] Akwai nau'ikan ƙura da yawa, amma duk suna buƙatar danshi da tushen abinci don girma. Kayan kwalliya na cikin gida sun haɗa da Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, da Stachybotrys chartarum, waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga matsalolin numfashi da halayen rashin lafiyan a cikin mutane masu hankali.
Tasirin lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ba a dauke shi a cikin gida a matsayin babban abin da ke shafar mutane masu lafiya.[1] Koyaya, bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da tasirin kiwon lafiya da yawa, tare da ƙwarewa daban-daban daga mutum zuwa mutum. Lalle ne, tasirin kiwon lafiya na bayyanarsa ya dogara da dalilai kamar tsawon lokaci, mai da hankali, da nau'in bayyanar, wanda zai iya rinjayar saukin mutum a tsawon lokaci. Tsawon bayyanar da kuma babban matakin bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta na iya ƙara haɗarin halayen rashin lafiyan da cututtukan numfashi, kamar su asma, rhinitis, da pneumonitis mai saurin ji. A zahiri, binciken ya nuna cewa fiye da rabin ma'aikatan manya a cikin gine-gine masu laushi / danshi suna fama da alamun hanci ko sinus saboda bayyanar ƙwayoyin.[3]
Duk da yake haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da ke haifar da ƙurar cikin gida gabaɗaya ba ta da yawa ga mutane masu lafiya, wasu al'ummomi sun fi rauni.[4] Mutanen da ke fama da rashin lafiya da wadanda ke fama da cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun, kamar cututtukan huhu, suna cikin haɗari mafi girma ga allergies na ƙuda kuma suna iya samun mummunar kamuwa da cuta a cikin huhu lokacin da aka fallasa su ga ƙuda.[5] Don rage haɗari, mutane a cikin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi ya kamata su guji mahalli da ke da saurin haɓaka, kamar tarin takin mai, yankan ciyawa, da wuraren itace.[6]
Alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alamomin bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta na yau da kullun na iya haɗawa da ƙuntatawa na hanci; sinusitis; rhinorrhea, fushin ido; matsalolin numfashi, kamar su wheezing, ciwon kirji, tari, da ci gaba da yin wheezing; fushin makogwaro; fushin fata, kamar rash; da ciwon kai.[7] Yanayin cikin gida na ruwa yana da alaƙa da alamun numfashi na sama, kamar tari da gumi a cikin mutanen da ke fama da asma.
Cutar huhu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Duk da yake nazarin yawan jama'a a cikin manya masu lafiya suna ba da iyakantaccen shaida na alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin bayyanar ƙwayoyin cuta da ci gaban asma, bincike yana goyan bayan haɗin tsakanin bayyanar ƙwayar cuta a wurin aiki da duka abin da ya faru da kuma karuwar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jiki a cikin manya.[8] Hakazalika, binciken da aka yi a cikin yara ya nuna cewa jarirai a cikin gidajen da ke da ƙuda suna da haɗari sosai na kamuwa da asma da rhinitis.[9][10] Jarirai na iya samun alamun numfashi sakamakon bayyanar Penicillium, nau'in fungal. Jarirai da mutane da ke fama da asma waɗanda ke zaune a cikin yanayin cikin gida mai laushi na iya fuskantar tari ko gumi, wanda zai iya nuna matsalolin numfashi masu alaƙa da ƙuda.
Dalilai da yanayin girma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana samun ƙura a ko'ina kuma yana iya girma a kusan kowane abu lokacin da akwai danshi. Yana haifuwa ta hanyar sakin spores, waɗanda iska ke ɗauka. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta sauka a kan wuri mai laushi wanda ya dace da rayuwa, sai su fara girma.
Don ƙirar cikin gida ta bunƙasa, ana buƙatar abubuwa uku masu mahimmanci: abubuwan gina jiki - kamar cellulose, wanda aka saba samu a cikin kayan gini; danshi - wanda ke fara tsarin lalacewa; da kuma lokaci - ci gaban ƙirar yawanci yana farawa daga awanni 24 zuwa kwanaki 10 bayan samar da yanayin girma.
Kayan gini na yau da kullun, kamar su plywood, drywall, furing strips, finish carpentry, cabinetry, katako na katako, katako mai katako, kafet, da kafet padding suna samar da abinci don mold. A cikin kafet, nauyin kwayoyin kamar ƙura marar ganuwa da cellulose sune tushen abinci.
Saboda kayan gini na yau da kullun suna iya ci gaba da ci gaban ƙura kuma ƙwayoyin ƙura suna ko'ina, ci gaban ƙira a cikin yanayin cikin gida yawanci yana da alaƙa da ruwa ko bayyanar danshi kuma yana iya haifar da bushewar kayan bene (kamar kankare). Ambaliyar ruwa, rufin da ke gudana, kula da gine-gine mara kyau, ko matsalolin famfo na cikin gida na iya haifar da ci gaban ƙirar ciki.[11] Lalle ne, bayan lalacewar ruwa ga gini, ƙura tana girma a cikin ganuwar sannan ta zama barci har sai da ya biyo baya; yanayin da ya dace yana sake kunna ƙira. Rashin ruwa sau da yawa yana kwantar da hankali a kan farfajiyar da ta fi sanyi fiye da iska mai laushi, yana ba da damar ƙura ta bunƙasa.[12] Wannan tururi mai danshi yana wucewa ta bangon da rufin, yawanci yana raguwa a lokacin hunturu a yanayin da ke da dogon lokacin dumama. Gidaje a kan sararin samaniya da ginshiki, ba tare da shingen tururi ba ko kuma tare da bene na datti, suna da saurin mold. "Gwaji na ƙofar" yana gano danshi daga slabs na kankare ba tare da shingen tururi ba. Abubuwan da ba su da kwayoyin halitta, kamar ƙarfe ko ƙarfe mai gogewa, ba sa tallafawa ci gaban ƙura, kodayake ci gaban ƙira na ƙasa har yanzu yana yiwuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, rashin isasshen iska na iya hanzarta tara danshi. Ƙungiyoyin ƙira masu ganuwa na iya samuwa inda iska ta fi talauci kuma a bangon kewaye (saboda sun fi kusa da raɓa). Mold yana girma mafi kyau a yanayin zafi, 25 zuwa 30 ° C (77 zuwa 86 ° F), kodayake girma na iya faruwa tsakanin 0 da 35 ° C (32 da 95 ° F). [13]
Cire ɗaya daga cikin buƙatu guda uku don ci gaban ƙura yana rage (ko kawar da) sabon ci gaban ƙira: danshi, abinci don ƙwayoyin ƙura (alal misali, ƙura ko dander), da dumi tunda ƙura gabaɗaya ba ta girma a cikin yanayin sanyi.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 Hardin, B. D.; Kelman, B. J; Saxon, A. (May 2003). "Adverse human health effects associated with molds in the indoor environment". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 45 (5): 470–478. doi:10.1097/00043764-200305000-00006. PMID 12762072.
- ↑ "Indoor Environmental Quality: Dampness and Mold in Buildings – NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ↑ Park J, Cox-Ganser JM (2011). "Meta-Mold exposure and respiratory health in damp indoor environments". Frontiers in Bioscience. 3 (2): 757–771. doi:10.2741/e284. PMID 21196349.
- ↑ Hurraß, Julia; Heinzow, Birger; Aurbach, Ute; Bergmann, Karl-Christian; Bufe, Albrecht; Buzina, Walter; Cornely, Oliver A.; Engelhart, Steffen; Fischer, Guido; Gabrio, Thomas; Heinz, Werner; Herr, Caroline E. W.; Kleine-Tebbe, Jörg; Klimek, Ludger; Köberle, Martin (2017-04-01). "Medical diagnostics for indoor mold exposure". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 220 (2, Part B): 305–328. Bibcode:2017IJHEH.220..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.012. ISSN 1438-4639. PMID 27986496.
- ↑ Kosmidis, C.; Hashad, R.; Mathioudakis, A. G.; McCahery, T.; Richardson, M. D.; Vestbo, J. (2023-09-01). "Impact of self-reported environmental mould exposure on COPD outcomes". Pulmonology. 29 (5): 375–384. doi:10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.05.003. ISSN 2531-0437. PMID 34130917 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ "Mold – General Information – Facts About Mold and Dampness". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 5, 2017. Archived from the original on December 16, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ↑ "Mold and Moisture in Homes". Minnesota Department of Health. Archived from the original on January 26, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ↑ Caillaud, Denis; Leynaert, Benedicte; Keirsbulck, Marion; Nadif, Rachel (2018-05-15). "Indoor mould exposure, asthma and rhinitis: findings from systematic reviews and recent longitudinal studies". European Respiratory Review (in Turanci). 27 (148). doi:10.1183/16000617.0137-2017. ISSN 0905-9180. PMC 9489198 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 29769295. - ↑ Clark, Sierra N.; Lam, Holly C. Y.; Goode, Emma-Jane; Marczylo, Emma L.; Exley, Karen S.; Dimitroulopoulou, Sani (2023-08-02). "The Burden of Respiratory Disease from Formaldehyde, Damp and Mould in English Housing". Environments (in Turanci). 10 (8): 136. Bibcode:2023Envi...10..136C. doi:10.3390/environments10080136. ISSN 2076-3298.
- ↑ Park J, Cox-Ganser JM (2011). "Meta-Mold exposure and respiratory health in damp indoor environments". Frontiers in Bioscience. 3 (2): 757–771. doi:10.2741/e284. PMID 21196349.
- ↑ Perryman, Oliver (May 5, 2021). "Best Air Purifier for Mold (2021 Reviews Updated)". Dehumidifier Critic. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ↑ Udawattha, Chameera; Galkanda, Himahansi; Ariyarathne, Isuri Shanika; Jayasinghe, G. Y.; Halwatura, Rangika (2018-06-01). "Mold growth and moss growth on tropical walls". Building and Environment. 137: 268–279. Bibcode:2018BuEnv.137..268U. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.04.018. ISSN 0360-1323.
- ↑ Kuhn, D. M.; Ghannoum, M.A (Jan 2003). "Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 16 (1): 144–172. doi:10.1128/CMR.16.1.144-172.2003. PMC 145304. PMID 12525430.