Tsarin lokaci na kawar da bautar Bayi
|
jerin maƙaloli na Wikimedia, Wikimedia information list (en) | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar |
Kau da Bautan Bayi da abolition of slavery (en) |

Soke bautar bayi ya faru ne a lokuta daban-daban a ƙasashe daban-daban. Yana faruwa akai-akai a cikin matakai fiye da ɗaya alal misali, a matsayin kawar da cinikin bayi a wata ƙasa, sannan a matsayin kawar da bautar bayi a cikin dauloli. Kowane mataki yawanci ya kasance sakamakon wata doka ko aiki daban. Wannan tsarin lokaci yana nuna dokokin sokewa ko ayyuka da aka jera bisa ga tsarin lokaci. Har ila yau, ya shafi kawar da jima'i.
Duk da cewa bautar bayi waɗanda ba fursunoni ba a fasahance ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne a duk ƙasashe a yau, ana ci gaba da yin hakan a wurare da yawa a duniya, musamman a Afirka, Asiya, da Gabashin Turai, galibi tare da tallafin gwamnati. [1]
Tsohon zamani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zamanin d ¯ a, manyan al'ummomi da yawa a Turai da Gabas ta Gabas sun tsara tsarin bautar bayi bashi da alaƙa amma bambancin aikin bautar bashi (wanda mai bin bashi zai iya cire aikin wajibi daga mai bashi don biyan bashin su, amma mai bin bashi ba a bautar da shi ba kuma ba a ƙarƙashin duk sharuɗɗan bautar chattel, irin su zama mallakar kasuwa, ko sayar da shi a kasuwa).
Gyara da aka jera a ƙasa kamar dokokin Solon a Athens, da Lex Poetelia Papiria a cikin Republican Rome, ko dokokin da aka bayyana a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ibrananci a cikin Littafin Maimaitawar Shari'a gabaɗaya ya kayyade samar da bayi da bayin bashi ta hanyar hana ko daidaita bautar wasu ƙungiyoyi masu gata (don haka, Romawa sun sake yin gyare-gyaren da ke kare ƴan ƙasar Romawa, ƴan ƙasar Atheni sun ba da garantin yanci a cikin Kubawar Shari'a. Ibrananci bayan ƙayyadadden lokacin bautar), amma babu wanda ya kawar da bautar, har ma da irin kariyar da aka kafa bai shafi baƙi ko kuma waɗanda ba ƴan ƙasa ba.
| Kwanan wata | Hukunci | Bayani |
|---|---|---|
| Farkon karni na shida BC | Mai ba da doka na Atheniya Solon ya soke bautar bashi na ’yan ƙasar Atina kuma ya ‘yantar da duk ’yan ƙasar Atina waɗanda a da aka bautar da su. An ci gaba da aiwatar da bautar da ake yi a Athens, kuma asarar bashi a matsayin tushen gasa na aikin dole na iya ma ya sa bautar ta zama mafi mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin Athenia daga yanzu. | |
| Karni na 3 BC | Maurya Empire | Sarkin Indiya Ashoka ya soke cinikin bayi. |
| 326 BC | Jamhuriyar Roman | Lex Poetelia Papiria ya soke kwangilar Nexum, wani nau'i na yin alkawarin ba da bashi ga talakawan Romawa ga masu lamuni a matsayin tsaro ga lamuni. Ba a kawar da bautar Chattel ba, kuma bautar Romawa za ta ci gaba da bunƙasa har tsawon ƙarni. |
| 9-12 AD | Daular Xin | Wang Mang, wanda shi ne sarki na farko na daular Xin, ya kwace karagar mulkin kasar Sin, ya kafa sauye-sauye masu yawa, ciki har da kawar da bauta da gyare-gyaren kasa daga 9 zuwa 12 AD |
Zamanin tsakiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- NB: Yawancin gyare-gyaren da aka lissafa an juya su a cikin ƙarni masu zuwa.
| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 590–604 | Pope Gregory I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves. | |
| 7th century | Francia | Queen Balthild, a former slave, and the Council of Chalon-sur-Saône (644–655) condemn the enslavement of Christians. Balthild purchases slaves, mostly Saxon, and manumits (frees) them.[2] |
| 741–752 | Pope Zachary bans the sale of Christian slaves to Muslims, purchases all slaves acquired in the city by Venetian slave traders, and sets them free. | |
| 840 | Pactum Lotharii: Venice pledges to neither buy Christian slaves in the Empire, nor sell them to Muslims. Venetian slave traders switch to trading Slavs from the East (Balkan slave trade). | |
| 873 | Christendom | Pope John VIII declares the enslavement of fellow Christians a sin and commands their release.[3] |
| ~900 | Byzantine Empire | Emperor Leo VI the Wise prohibits voluntary self-enslavement and commands that such contracts shall be null and void and punishable by flagellation for both parties to the contract. |
| 956 | Goryeo Dynasty (Korea) | Slaves were freed on a large scale in 956 by the Goryeo dynasty.[4] Gwangjong of Goryeo proclaimed the Slave and Land Act (노비안검법, 奴婢按檢法), an act that "deprived nobles of much of their manpower in the form of slaves and purged the old nobility, the meritorious subjects and their offspring and military lineages in great numbers".[5] |
| 960 | Slave trade banned in the city under the rule of Doge Pietro IV Candiano (Council of Venice). | |
| 1080 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Norman England | William the Conqueror prohibits the sale of any person to "heathens" (non-Christians) as slaves. |
| 1100 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Normandy | Serfdom no longer present. |
| 1102 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Norman England | The Council of London bans the slave trade: "Let no one dare hereafter to engage in the infamous business, prevalent in England, of selling men like animals."[6][7] |
| c. 1160 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Norway | The Gulating bans the sale of house slaves out of the country.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span>] |
| 1171 | {{country data Lordship of Ireland}} | All English slaves in the island freed by the Council of Armagh.[7] |
| 1198 | Samfuri:Flagicon image France | Trinitarian Order founded with the purpose of redeeming war captives. |
| 1214 | Korčula | The Statute of the Town abolishes slavery.[8][9]Samfuri:Better source needed[better source needed] |
| 1218 | Mercedarians founded in Barcelona with the purpose of ransoming poor Christians enslaved by Muslims. | |
| ~1220 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Holy Roman Empire | The Sachsenspiegel, the most influential German code of law from the Middle Ages, condemns slavery as a violation of man's likeness to God. |
| 1245 | James I bans Jews from owning Christian slaves, but allows them to own Muslims and pagans. | |
| 1256 | Liber Paradisus promulgated. Slavery and serfdom abolished, all serfs in the commune are released. | |
| 1315 | Louis X publishes a decree abolishing slavery and proclaiming that "France signifies freedom", that any slave setting foot on French ground should be freed. However some limited cases of slavery continued until the 17th century in some of France's Mediterranean harbours in Provence, as well as until the 18th century in some of France's overseas territories. Most aspects of serfdom are also eliminated de facto between 1315 and 1318.[10] | |
| 1318 | King Philip V abolishes serfdom in his domain.[11] | |
| 1335 | Slavery abolished (including Sweden's territory in Finland). However, slaves are not banned entry into the country until 1813. Between 1784 and 1847, slavery was practiced in the Swedish-ruled Caribbean island of Saint Barthélemy. Sweden never practiced serfdom, except in a few territories it later acquired which were ruled under a local legal code. | |
| 1347 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Poland | The Statutes of Casimir the Great issued in Wiślica emancipate all non-free people. |
| 1368 | Emperor Hongwu abolished most forms of slavery, limiting even the highest ranks of household to less than 20 household slaves. Later in the dynasty saw a resurgence of debt servitude, primarily in the south, as a result of population growth against the dearth of arable lands, often taking euphemisms like "adoption" to circumvent its still outlawed status.[12] | |
| 1416 | {{country data Ragusa}} | Slavery and slave trade abolished. |
| 1423 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Poland | King orders to free all Christian slaves. |
| 1435 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Canary Islands | Pope Eugene IV's Sicut Dudum bans enslavement of baptised Christians, "or those freely seeking baptism" in the Canary Islands on pain of excommunication.[13] |
| 1477 | Isabella I bans slavery in newly conquered territories. | |
| 1480 | Remnant serfdom abolished by the Catholic Monarchs. | |
| 1486 | {{country data Crown of Aragon}} Aragon | Ferdinand II promulgates the Sentence of Guadalupe, abolishing Carolingian-remnant serfdom (remença) in Old Catalonia. |
| 1490 | After a long court case, the Catholic Monarchs order that all La Gomera natives enslaved in the aftermath of the 1488 rebellion must be freed and returned to the island at Conquistador Pedro de Vera's expense. De Vera is also relieved from his post as Governor of Gran Canaria in 1491. | |
| 1493 | Queen Isabella bans the enslavement of Native Americans unless they are hostile or cannibalistic.[14] Native Americans are ruled to be subjects of the Crown. Columbus is preempted from selling Indian captives in Seville and those already sold are tracked, purchased from their buyers and released. |
1500-1700
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1503 | Native Americans allowed to travel to Spain only on their own free will. | |
| 1512 | The Laws of Burgos establish limits to the treatment of natives in the Encomienda system. | |
| 1518 | Decree of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V establishing the importation of African slaves to the Americas, under monopoly of Laurent de Gouvenot, in an attempt to discourage enslavement of Native Americans. | |
| 1528 | Charles V forbids the transportation of Native Americans to Europe, even on their own will, in an effort to curtail their enslavement. Encomiendas are banned from collecting tribute in gold with the reasoning that Natives were selling their children to get it. | |
| 1530 | Outright slavery of Native Americans under any circumstance is banned under the New laws. | |
| 1536 | The Welser family is dispossessed of the Asiento monopoly (granted in 1528) following complaints about their treatment of Native American workers in Venezuela. | |
| 1537 | New World | Pope Paul III forbids slavery of the indigenous peoples of the Americas and any other population to be discovered, establishing their right to freedom and property (Sublimis Deus).[15] |
| 1542 | The New Laws ban slave raiding in the Americas and abolish the slavery of natives, but replace it with other systems of forced labor like the repartimiento. Slavery of Black Africans continues. New limits are imposed to the Encomienda. | |
| 1549 | Encomiendas banned from using forced labor. | |
| 1550-1551 | Valladolid Debate on the innate rights of indigenous peoples of the Americas. | |
| 1552 | Bartolomé de las Casas, "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there."[16] | |
| 1562 | Akbar I restricted enslavement by his soldiery.[17] | |
| 1570 | King Sebastian of Portugal bans the enslavement of Native Americans under Portuguese rule, allowing only the enslavement of hostile ones. This law was highly influenced by the Society of Jesus, which had missionaries in direct contact with Brazilian tribes. | |
| 1574 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of England | Last remaining serfs emancipated by Elizabeth I.[10] |
| Slavery abolished by royal decree. | ||
| 1588 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Lithuania | The Third Statute of Lithuania abolishes slavery. |
| 1590 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi bans slavery except as punishment for criminals. | |
| 1595 | Trade of Chinese slaves banned. | |
| 1602 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of England | The Clifton Star Chamber Case set a precedent, that impressing / enslaving children to serve as actors was illegal. |
| 1609 | The Moriscos, many of whom are serfs, are expelled from Peninsular Spain unless they become slaves voluntarily (known as moros cortados, "cut Moors") However, a large proportion avoid expulsion or manage to return. | |
| 1624 | Enslavement of Chinese banned. | |
| 1648 | Samfuri:Country data Cossack Hetmanate | The system of serfdom was partially weakened, a part of serfs were freed. Manors of the Polish szlachta and the Catholic Church were given under the government control. |
| 1649 | The sale of Russian slaves to Muslims is banned. | |
| 1652 | Roger Williams and Samuel Gorton work to pass legislation abolishing slavery in Providence Plantations, the first attempt of its kind in North America. It does not go into effect.[18] | |
| 1660 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of England | Tenures Abolition Act 1660 |
| 1677 | Shivaji I banned, freed and stopped import and export of all slaves under his Empire. | |
| 1679 | Feodor III converts all Russian field slaves into serfs.[19] | |
| 1683 | Slavery of Mapuche prisoners of war abolished.[20] | |
| 1687 | Fugitive slaves from the Thirteen Colonies granted freedom in return for conversion to Catholicism and four years of military service. | |
| 1688 | The Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery is the first religious petition against African slavery in what would become the United States. |
1701-1799
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1706 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of England | In Smith v. Browne & Cooper, Sir John Holt, Lord Chief Justice of England, rules that "as soon as a Negro comes into England, he becomes free. One may be a villein in England, but not a slave." |
| 1711–1712 | Slave trade banned by Mamia I of Imereti. | |
| 1712 | Moros cortados expelled. | |
| 1715 | Samfuri:Flagicon image North Carolina Samfuri:Flagicon image South Carolina |
Native American slave trade in the American Southeast reduces with the outbreak of the Yamasee War. |
| 1723 | Samfuri:Country data Russian Empire | Peter the Great converts all house slaves into house serfs, effectively making slavery illegal in Russia. |
| 1723–1730 | The Yongzheng emancipation seeks to free all slaves to strengthen the autocratic ruler through a kind of social leveling that creates an undifferentiated class of free subjects under the throne. Although these new regulations freed the vast majority of slaves, wealthy families continued to use slave labor into the twentieth century. | |
| 1732 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Georgia | Province established without African slavery in sharp contrast to neighboring colony of Carolina. In 1738, James Oglethorpe warns against changing that policy, which would "occasion the misery of thousands in Africa." Native American slavery is legal throughout Georgia, however, and African slavery is later introduced in 1749. |
| 1738 | Fort Mosé, the first legal settlement of free blacks in what is today the United States, is established. Word of the settlement sparks the Stono Rebellion in Carolina the following year. | |
| 1746 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain | Heritable Jurisdictions (Scotland) Act 1746 |
| Tenures Abolition Act 1746 | ||
| 1761 | The Marquis of Pombal bans the importation of slaves to metropolitan Portugal. encouraging instead the trade of African slaves to Brazil.[21] | |
| 1766 | Muhammad III of Morocco purchases the freedom of all Muslim slaves in Seville, Cádiz, and Barcelona. | |
| 1770 | Samfuri:Country data Circassia | The Circassians of the Abdzakh region started a great revolution in Circassian territory in 1770. Classes such as slaves, nobles and princes were completely abolished. The Abdzakh Revolution coincides with the French Revolution. While many French nobles took refuge in Russia, some of the Circassian nobles took the same path and took refuge in Russia. |
| 1771 | Serfdom abolished in the lands ruled by the House of Savoy. | |
| 1772 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of England | Somersett's case rules that no slave can be forcibly removed from England. This case was generally taken at the time to have decided that the condition of slavery did not exist under English law in England and Wales.[22] |
| 1773 | A new decree by the Marquis of Pombal, signed by the king Dom José, emancipates fourth-generation slaves[23] and every child born to an enslaved mother after the decree was published. | |
| 1774 | Samfuri:Flagicon image East India Company | Government of Bengal passed regulations 9 and 10 of 1774, prohibiting the trade in slaves without written deed, and the sale of anyone not already enslaved. |
| 1775 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain | Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775 |
| Pennsylvania Abolition Society formed in Philadelphia, the first abolition society within the territory that is now the United States of America. | ||
| Atlantic slave trade banned or suspended in the United Colonies during the Revolutionary War. This was a continuation of the Thirteen Colonies' non-importation agreements against Britain, as an attempt to cut all economic ties with Britain during the war.[24] | ||
| 1777 | Slavery abolished. | |
| The Constitution of the Vermont Republic partially bans slavery,[25] freeing men over 21 and women older than 18 at the time of its passage.[26] The ban is not strongly enforced.[27] | ||
| 1778 | Joseph Knight successfully argues that Scots law cannot support the status of slavery.[28] | |
| 1779 | Samfuri:Flagicon image British America | The Philipsburg Proclamation frees all slaves who desert the American rebels, regardless of their willingness to fight for the Crown. |
| 1780 | An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery passed, freeing future children of slaves. Those born prior to the Act remain enslaved for life. The Act becomes a model for other Northern states. Last slaves freed 1847. | |
| 1781 | Joseph II abolishes personal bondage of serfs and allows their freedom of movement with the Serfdom Patent of 1781. | |
| 1783 | Slavery abolished in the recently annexed Crimean Khanate. | |
| Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rules slavery unconstitutional, a decision based on the 1780 Massachusetts constitution. All slaves are immediately freed. | ||
| Joseph II abolishes slavery in Bukovina.[29] | ||
| Gradual abolition of slavery begins. | ||
| Samfuri:Flagicon image British America | After being settled into by Quakers, Beaver Harbour, New Brunswick becomes the first settlement in British North America to ban slavery, forbidding slave masters from entering. | |
| 1784 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Connecticut | Gradual abolition of slavery, freeing future children of slaves, and later all slaves. |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Rhode Island | Gradual abolition of slavery begins. | |
| 1785 | In response to the Revolt of Horea, Joseph II abolishes personal bondage and allows freedom of movement for peasants in Hungary with the urbarium of 22 August 1785. | |
| 1786 | Samfuri:Flagicon image New South Wales | A policy of completely banning slavery is adopted by governor-designate Arthur Phillip for the soon-to-be established colony. |
| 1787 | The United States in Congress Assembled passes the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, outlawing any new slavery in the Northwest Territories. | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Sierra Leone | Founded by Great Britain as a colony for emancipated slaves. | |
| Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of Great Britain | Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade founded in Great Britain.[25] | |
| 1788 | Sir William Dolben's Act regulating the conditions on British slave ships enacted. | |
| Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of France | Abolitionist Society of the Friends of the Blacks founded in Paris. | |
| Limits imposed to serfdom under the Stavnsbånd system. | ||
| 1789 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of France | Last remaining seigneurial privileges over peasants abolished. |
| 1791 | Samfuri:Country data Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | The Constitution of May 3, 1791 introduced elements of political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government; thus, it mitigated the worst abuses of serfdom. |
| 1791 | Samfuri:Country data Kingdom of France | Emancipation of second-generation slaves in the colonies.[30] |
| 1792 | Samfuri:Country data Denmark-Norway | Transatlantic slave trade declared illegal after 1803, though slavery continues in Danish colonies to 1848. |
| 1792 | The importation of slaves to the island of Saint Helena was banned in 1792, but the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies. | |
| 1793 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Saint-Domingue | Commissioner Leger-Felicite Sonthonax abolishes slavery in the northern part of the colony. His colleague Etienne Polverel does the same in the rest of the territory in October. |
| Importation of slaves banned by the Act Against Slavery. | ||
| 1794 | Samfuri:Country data French First Republic | Slavery abolished in all French territories and possessions. |
| The Slave Trade Act bans both American ships from participating in the slave trade and the export of slaves in foreign ships.[24] | ||
| Samfuri:Country data Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth | The Proclamation of Połaniec, issued during the Kościuszko Uprising, ultimately abolished serfdom in Poland, and granted substantial civil liberties to all peasants. | |
| 1798 | Slavery banned in the islands after their capture by French forces under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte.[31] | |
| 1799 | {{country data New York}} | Gradual emancipation act freeing the future children of slaves, and all slaves in 1827. |
| The Colliers (Scotland) Act 1799 ends the legal servitude or slavery of coal and salt miners that had been established in 1606. |
1800-1829
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1800 | State slavery banned in 1800. Private slavery continued until being banned in 1894. | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Malta | Despite being in rebellion against the French, the National Congress confirms the validity of Napoleon's 1798 abolition of slavery, and Alexander Ball issues a proclamation to this effect.[31] | |
| American citizens banned from investment and employment in the international slave trade in an additional Slave Trade Act. | ||
| 1802 | Samfuri:Country data French First Republic | Napoleon re-introduces slavery in sugarcane-growing colonies. |
| State constitution abolishes slavery. | ||
| 1803 | Samfuri:Country data Denmark-Norway | Abolition of Danish participation in the transatlantic slave trade takes effect on 1 January. |
| 1804 | Slavery abolished. | |
| Haiti declares independence and abolishes slavery. | ||
| 1805 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | A bill for abolition passes in House of Commons but is rejected in the House of Lords. |
| 1806 | In a message to Congress, Thomas Jefferson calls for criminalizing the international slave trade, asking Congress to "withdraw the citizens of the United States from all further participation in those violations of human rights ... which the morality, the reputation, and the best of our country have long been eager to proscribe." | |
| 1807 | International slave trade made a felony in Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves; this act takes effect on 1 January 1808, the earliest date permitted under the Constitution. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Abolition of the Slave Trade Act abolishes slave trading throughout the British Empire. Captains fined £100 per slave transported. Patrols sent to the African coast to arrest slaving vessels. The West Africa Squadron (Royal Navy) is established to suppress slave trading; by 1865, nearly 150,000 people freed by anti-slavery operations. | |
| Constitution abolishes serfdom.[32] | ||
| The Stein-Hardenberg Reforms abolish serfdom. | ||
| Judge Augustus Woodward denies the return of two slaves owned by a man in Windsor, Upper Canada. Woodward declares that any man "coming into this Territory is by law of the land a freeman."[33] | ||
| 1808 | Importation and exportation of slaves made a crime. | |
| 1810 | Samfuri:Flagicon image New Spain | Independence leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla proclaimed the abolition of slavery three months after the start of the Independence of Mexico from Spain. |
| 1811 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Slave trading made a felony punishable by transportation for both British subjects and foreigners. |
| The Cortes of Cádiz abolish the last remaining seigneurial rights. | ||
| Samfuri:Flagicon image British East India Company | The Company issued regulations 10 of 1811, prohibiting the transport of slaves into Company territory, adding to the 1774 restrictions. | |
| The First National Congress approves a proposal of Manuel de Salas that declares Freedom of Wombs, freeing the children of slaves born in Chilean territory, regardless of their parents' condition. The slave trade is banned and the slaves who stay for more than six months in Chilean territory are automatically declared freedmen. | ||
| 1812 | British protectorate authorities issue a proclamation declaring that "negroes cannot be considered as objects of trade" in response to reports of African slaves being imported into Malta from North Africa, despite slavery having previously been abolished on Malta in 1798.[31] | |
| The Cortes of Cádiz pass the Spanish Constitution of 1812, giving citizenship and equal rights to all residents in Spain and her territories, excluding slaves. During deliberations, Deputies José Miguel Guridi y Alcocer and Agustín Argüelles unsuccessfully argue for the abolition of slavery.[30] | ||
| 1813 | Samfuri:Flagicon image New Spain | Independence leader José María Morelos y Pavón declares slavery abolished in Mexico in the documents Sentimientos de la Nación. |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image United Provinces | Law of Wombs passed by the Assembly of Year XIII. Slaves born after 31 January 1813 will be granted freedom when they are married, or on their 16th birthday for women and 20th for men, and upon their manumission will be given land and tools to work it. | |
| 1814 | Samfuri:Flagicon image United Provinces | After the occupation of Montevideo, all slaves born in modern Uruguayan territory are declared free. |
| Slave trade abolished. | ||
| 1815 | Samfuri:Country data French First Republic | Napoleon abolishes the slave trade. |
| Slave trade banned north of the Equator in return for a £750,000 payment by Britain. | ||
| British withdrawing after the War of 1812 leave a fully armed fort in the hands of maroons, escaped slaves and their descendants, and their Seminole allies. Becomes known as Negro Fort. | ||
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Samfuri:Flagicon image Sweden-Norway Samfuri:Country data Bourbon Restoration {{country data AUT}} Austria |
The Congress of Vienna declares its opposition to the slave trade. | |
| 1816 | Serfdom abolished. | |
| Negro Fort destroyed in the Battle of Negro Fort by U.S. forces under the command of General Andrew Jackson. | ||
| Algiers bombarded by the British and Dutch navies in an attempt to end North African piracy and slave raiding in the Mediterranean. 3,000 slaves freed. | ||
| 1817 | Serfdom abolished. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade. | |
| Ferdinand VII signs a cedula banning the importation of slaves in Spanish possessions beginning in 1820,[30] in return for a £400,000 payment from Britain.[34] However, some slaves are still smuggled in after this date. Both slave ownership and internal commerce in slaves remained legal. | ||
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Venezuela | Simon Bolivar calls for the abolition of slavery.[30] | |
| {{country data New York}} | 4 July 1827 set as date to free all ex-slaves from indenture. | |
| Constitution supports the abolition of slavery, but does not ban it.[30] | ||
| 1818 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade. |
| Samfuri:Country data Bourbon Restoration | Slave trade banned. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty taking additional measures to enforce the 1814 ban on slave trading.[35] | |
| 1819 | Serfdom abolished. | |
| Attorney-General John Robinson declares all black residents free. | ||
| The ancient Hawaiian kapu system is abolished during the ʻAi Noa, and with it the distinction between the kauwā slave class and the makaSamfuri:Okinaāinana (commoners).[36] | ||
| 1820 | The Compromise of 1820 bans slavery north of the 36º 30' line; the Act to Protect the Commerce of the United States and Punish the Crime of Piracy is amended to consider the maritime slave trade as piracy, making it punishable with death. | |
| The supreme court orders almost all slaves in the state to be freed in Polly v. Lasselle. | ||
| The 1817 abolition of the slave trade takes effect.[37] | ||
| 1821 | The Plan of Iguala frees the slaves born in Mexico.[30] | |
| In accordance with Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, Florida becomes a territory of the United States. A main reason was Spain's inability or unwillingness to capture and return escaped slaves. | ||
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Peru | Abolition of slave trade and implementation of a plan to gradually end slavery.[30] | |
| Emancipation for sons and daughters born to slave mothers, program for compensated emancipation set. | ||
| 1822 | Jean Pierre Boyer annexes Spanish Haiti and abolishes slavery there. | |
| Founded by the American Colonization Society as a colony for emancipated slaves. | ||
| First bilateral treaty limiting the slave trade in Zanzibar (Moresby Treaty). | ||
| 1823 | Slavery abolished.[25] | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | The Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (Anti-Slavery Society) is founded. | |
| Prohibition of slavery is enshrined in the Greek Constitution of 1823, during the Greek War of Independence.[38] | ||
| 1824 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Slave Trade Act 1824 |
| The new constitution effectively abolishes slavery. | ||
| {{country data Federal Republic of Central America}} Central America | Slavery abolished.[39] | |
| 1825 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Uruguay | Importation of slaves banned. |
| France, with warships at the ready, demanded Haiti compensate France for its loss of slaves and its slave colony | ||
| 1827 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Samfuri:Flagicon image Sweden-Norway |
Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade.[35] |
| {{country data New York}} | Last vestiges of slavery abolished. Children born between 1799 and 1827 are indentured until age 25 (females) or age 28 (males). | |
| Phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves, some six years before the British parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in all colonies. | ||
| 1829 | Last slaves freed just as the first president of partial African ancestry (Vicente Guerrero) is elected.[25] |
1830-1849
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1830 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Coahuila y Tejas | Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante attempts to implement the abolition of slavery. To circumvent the law, Anglo-Texans declare their slaves "indentured servants for life". |
| 1830 | The Firman of 1830 theoretically emancipates all white slaves in the Ottoman Empire. | |
| 1830 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1831 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Bolivia | Slavery abolished. |
| Law of 7 November 1831, abolishing the maritime slave trade, banning any importation of slaves, and granting freedom to slaves illegally imported into Brazil. The law was seldom enforced prior to 1850, when Brazil, under British pressure, adopted additional legislation to criminalize the importation of slaves. | ||
| 1832 | Slavery abolished with independence. | |
| 1832 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Coahuila y Tejas | Anahuac Disturbances: Juan Davis Bradburn, American-born Mexican officer at Anahuac, Texas, confronts slave-owning American settlers, enforcing Mexican abolition of slavery and refusing to hand over two escaped slaves. |
| 1834 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | The Slavery Abolition Act 1833 comes into force, abolishing slavery throughout most of the British Empire but on a gradual basis over the next six years.[40] Legally frees 700,000 in the West Indies, 20,000 in Mauritius, and 40,000 in South Africa. The exceptions are the territories controlled by the East India Company and Ceylon. |
| Samfuri:Country data July Monarchy | French Society for the Abolition of Slavery founded in Paris. | |
| 1835 | {{country data Principality of Serbia}} | Freedom granted to all slaves in the moment they step on Serb soil.[41] |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Samfuri:Country data July Monarchy |
Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | ||
| A decree of Felipe Santiago Salaverry re-legalizes the importation of slaves from other Latin American countries. The line "no slave shall enter Peru without becoming free" is taken out of the Constitution in 1839. | ||
| 1836 | Prime Minister Sá da Bandeira bans the transatlantic slave trade and the importation and exportation of slaves to or from the Portuguese colonies south of the equator. | |
| 1837 | Slavery abolished outside of the colonies. | |
| 1838 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Most slaves in the colonies become free after a period of forced apprenticeship following the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions (now London Anti-Slavery Society) winds up. |
| 1839 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (after several changes, now known as Anti-Slavery International) is founded. |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image East India Company | The Indian indenture system is abolished in territories controlled by the company, but this is reversed in 1842. | |
| Pope Gregory XVI's In supremo apostolatus resoundingly condemns slavery and the slave trade. | ||
| 1840 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade. |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | First World Anti-Slavery Convention meets in London. | |
| Taking slaves banned by Treaty of Waitangi.[42] | ||
| 1841 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Samfuri:Country data July Monarchy |
Quintuple Treaty agreeing to suppress the slave trade.[25] |
| United States v. The Amistad finds that the slaves of La Amistad were illegally enslaved and were legally allowed, as free men, to fight their captors by any means necessary. | ||
| 1842 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty extending the enforcement of the slave trade ban to Portuguese ships south of the Equator. |
| Law for the gradual abolition of slavery passed.[30] | ||
| 1843 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Slave Trade Act 1843 |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image East India Company | The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, Act V abolishes slavery in territories controlled by the company. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.[35] | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | ||
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | ||
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | ||
| 1844 | {{country data Moldavia}} | Mihail Sturdza abolishes slavery in Moldavia. |
| The serfs were given the Right to Property. But until the April Laws, they were subject to different taxes and legal procedures (jus gladii) than burghers.[43] | ||
| Slave trade abolished.[30] | ||
| Dominican Republic declares independence from Haiti; abolition of slavery reinforced.[44] | ||
| 1845 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | 36 Royal Navy ships assigned to the Anti-Slavery Squadron, making it one of the largest fleets in the world. |
| In Jarrot v. Jarrot, the Illinois Supreme Court frees the last indentured ex-slaves in the state who were born after the Northwest Ordinance.[45] | ||
| 1846 | Slavery abolished in Tunisia under Ahmed Bey rule.[46] | |
| 1847 | Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf: slave trade from Africa (via the Persian Gulf route) abolished. | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Saint Barthélemy | Last slaves freed. | |
| The last indentured ex-slaves, born before 1780 (fewer than 100 in the 1840 census) are freed. | ||
| Royal edict ruling the freedom of children born from female slaves and the total abolition of slavery after 12 years. Dissatisfaction causes a slave rebellion in Saint Croix the next year. | ||
| 1848 | The April laws completely abolished serfdom in Hungary (excluding Transylvania) and Croatia. | |
| Serfdom abolished. | ||
| Samfuri:Country data French Second Republic | Slavery abolished in the colonies. Gabon is founded as a settlement for emancipated slaves. | |
| Governor Peter von Scholten declares the immediate and total emancipation of all slaves in an attempt to end the slave revolt. For this he is recalled and tried for treason, but the charges are later dropped.[25][47] | ||
| Last remains of the Stavnsbånd effectively abolished. | ||
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaties abolishing the slave trade.[35] | |
| 1849 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | |
| The Royal Navy destroys the slave factory of Lomboko. |
1850-1899
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1850 | The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 requires the return of escaped slaves to their owners regardless of the state they are in. | |
| Eusébio de Queirós Law (Law 581 of 4 September 1850) criminalizing the maritime slave trade as piracy, and imposing other criminal sanctions on the importation of slaves (already banned in 1831). | ||
| 1851 | Bilateral treaty of 12 October, Uruguay accepts returning to Brazil the escaped slaves from that country. Brazilians who owned land in Uruguay were allowed to have slaves in their properties. | |
| Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | Slavery nominally abolished along with opium, gambling, polygamy and foot binding.[48][49] | |
| Slavery abolished. After years of laws that only purported a partial advancement towards abolition, President José Hilario López pushed Congress to pass total abolition on 21 May. Former owners were compensated with government issued bonds. | ||
| Slavery abolished in the country by José María Urvina.[50] | ||
| Lagos | Reduction of Lagos: The British capture the city of Lagos and replace King Kosoko with Akitoye because of the former's refusal to ban the slave trade. | |
| 1852 | 1852 Constitution officially declared slavery illegal. | |
Lagos |
Bilateral treaty banning the slave trade and human sacrifice. | |
| 1853 | Slavery abolished with the sanction of a new federal Constitution. | |
| 1854 | Slavery abolished by Ramón Castilla. | |
| The Firman of 1854 prohibit the Circassian slave trade. | ||
| Slavery abolished.[25][51] | ||
| 1855 | {{country data Moldavia}} | Slavery abolished. |
| 1856 | ||
| 1857 | Dred Scott v. Sandford rules that black slaves and their descendants cannot gain American citizenship and are not entitled to freedom even if they live in a free state for years. | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Egypt | Firman of 1857 banning the trade of Black African (Zanj) slaves.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span>] | |
| 1857 | The Firman of 1857 prohibit the African slave trade.[52] | |
| 1858 | British government takes direct control of all land owned by the East India Company, making previously East India Company directly managed territory subject to the slavery laws applicable in the rest of the British Empire. | |
| 1859 | Atlantic Ocean | Definitive suppression of the transatlantic slave trade. |
| The Wyandotte Constitution establishes the future state of Kansas as a free state, after four years of armed conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups in the territory. Southern dominance in the U.S. Senate delays the admission of Kansas as a state until 1861. | ||
| Kazakhs banned from having slaves, although slavery persists in some areas through the rest of the century.[53]Samfuri:Better source needed[better source needed] | ||
| 1860 | Last known slave ship to unload illegally on U.S. territory, the Clotilda. | |
| 1861 | The Emancipation reform of 1861 abolishes serfdom. | |
| The election of Abraham Lincoln leads to the attempted secession of eleven slaveholding states and the American Civil War. | ||
British India |
Indian Penal Code explicitly prohibits slavery in British administered territory. | |
| 1862 | Congress passes the District of Columbia Compensated Emancipation Act, freeing all slaves in the District of Columbia.[54] | |
Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland |
Bilateral treaty abolishing the slave trade (African Slave Trade Treaty Act). | |
| Slave trade abolished.[25] | ||
| Nathaniel Gordon becomes the only person hanged in U.S. history "for being engaged in the slave trade". | ||
| 1863 | Slavery abolished in the colonies, emancipating 33,000 slaves in Surinam, 12,000 in Curaçao and Dependencies, and an indeterminate number in the East Indies. | |
| Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing all slaves in Confederate-controlled areas. Most slaves in "border states" are freed by state action, and a separate law frees the slaves in Washington, D.C. | ||
| Exemptions introduced to serfdom under the Vistarband system. | ||
| Slavery abolished. | ||
| 1864 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Congress Poland | Serfdom abolished. |
| 1865 | Slavery and involuntary servitude abolished, except as punishment for crime, by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. It frees all remaining slaves, about 40,000, in the border slave states that did not secede. Thirty out of thirty-six states vote to ratify it; New Jersey, Delaware, Kentucky, and Mississippi vote against. Mississippi does not officially ratify it until 2013.[55] | |
| {{country data Republic of Texas}} | Juneteenth: U.S. General Gordon Granger proclaims the end of slavery in Galveston. | |
| Spanish Abolitionist Society founded in Madrid by Julio Vizcarrondo, José Julián Acosta and Joaquín Sanromá. | ||
| 1866 | Slavery abolished. U.S. government treaties with the Five Tribes that governed the Indian Territory, which previously allied with the Confederacy, required them to abolish slavery for renewed U.S. recognition of their continued independence. | |
| Thirteenth Amendment ratified. | ||
| 1867 | Law of Repression and Punishment of the Slave Trade.[30] | |
| Peonage Act of 1867, mostly targeting use of Native American peons in New Mexico Territory. Slavery among native tribes in Alaska was abolished after the purchase from Russia in 1867. | ||
| 1868 | Carlos Manuel de Céspedes and other independence leaders free their slaves and proclaim the independence of Cuba, starting the Ten Years War. | |
| 1869 | Louis I abolishes slavery in all Portuguese territories and colonies. | |
| Slavery abolished. | ||
| 1870 | Amidst great opposition from the Cuban and Puerto Rican planters, Segismundo Moret drafts a "Law of Free Wombs" that frees children of slaves, slaves older than 65 years, and slaves serving in the Spanish Army, beginning in 1872.[30] | |
| {{country data Republic of Texas}} | Thirteenth Amendment ratified. | |
| 1871 | Rio Branco Law (Law of Free Birth) declares the children born to slave mothers free. | |
| Abolition of the han system or Japanese feudalism. | ||
| 1873 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | Slave Trade Act 1873 |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Puerto Rico | Slavery abolished. | |
| Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Samfuri:Flagicon image Zanzibar Samfuri:Flagicon image Madagascar |
Triple treaty abolishing the slave trade.[35] | |
| 1874 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1877 | The Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention abolishes the slave trade gradually in 1877–1884. This also gradually abolishes slavery itself over the next decades. | |
| 1879 | Slavery abolished with independence. The Constitution states that any slave that enters Bulgarian territory is immediately freed. | |
| 1880 | The Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 prohibit the Red Sea slave trade and give the British the right to stop all slave ships in Ottoman waters.[52] | |
| 1882 | A firman emancipates all slaves, white and black. | |
| 1884 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1885 | Saraiva-Cotegipe Law passed, freeing all slaves over the age of 60 and creating other measures for the gradual abolition of slavery, such as a Manumissions Fund administered by the State. | |
| 1886 | Slavery abolished.[25] | |
| 1888 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1889 | An Italian court finds that Josephine Bakhita was never legally enslaved according to Italian, British, or Egyptian law and is a free woman. | |
| 1889 | The Kanunname of 1889 prohibit the African slavery and slave trade in the Ottoman Empire. | |
| 1890 | Samfuri:Country data United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland {{country data Congo Free State}} Congo Samfuri:Flagicon image Sweden-Norway Samfuri:Flagicon image Zanzibar |
Brussels Conference Act – a collection of anti-slavery measures to put an end to the slave trade on land and sea, especially in the Congo Basin, the Ottoman Empire, and the East African coast. |
| 1894 | Slavery abolished, but it survives in practice until 1930. | |
| Vistarband effectively abolished (but not de jure). | ||
| 1895 | Taiwan is annexed by Japan, where slavery has been abolished. | |
| 1895 | Slavery abolished.[56] | |
| First slaves freed[57] | ||
| 1896 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Madagascar | Slavery abolished. |
| 1897 | Slavery abolished[58] except in the case of concubines (abolished in 1909). | |
| Slave trade abolished. | ||
| Children of freedmen issued separate certificates of liberation to avoid enslavement and separation from their parents.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span>] | ||
| 1899 | Slavery abolished. |
1900-1949
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | Slavery abolished 22 February 1900, by proclamation of Richard P. Leary.[59] | |
| 1901 | Thirteenth Amendment ratified. | |
| 1902 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Cameroon | Gradual abolition of slavery.[60] |
| 1903 | "Slave" no longer used as an administrative category. | |
| 1904 | International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic signed in Paris. Only France, the Netherlands and Russia extend the treaty to the whole extent of their colonial empires with immediate effect, and Italy extends it to Eritrea but not to Italian Somaliland.[61] | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image British East Africa | Slavery abolished.[62] | |
| 1905 | Slavery formally abolished. Though up to one million slaves gain their freedom, slavery continues to exist in practice for decades afterward. | |
| 1906 | Samfuri:Country data Qing Dynasty | Slavery abolished beginning on 31 January 1910. Adult slaves are converted into hired laborers and the minors freed upon reaching age 25. |
| Samfuri:Country data Barotseland | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1908 | The Young Turk Revolution eradicates the open trade of Zanj and Circassian women from Constantinople. | |
| {{country data Congo Free State}} | Belgium annexes the Congo Free State, ending the practice of slavery there. | |
| 1912 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1915 | Slavery abolished.[63] | |
| 1917 | Indian indenture system abolished. | |
| 1918 | Supreme Court rules in Arver v. United States that the 13th Amendment prohibition against involuntary servitude does not apply to conscription. The government can constitutionally force people to serve in the military against their will. | |
| 1919 | {{country data Tanganyika}} | Slavery abolished.[62] |
| 1922 | Slave trade abolished, slave holding remained legal. | |
| 1923 | Slavery abolished.[64] | |
| Convict lease abolished after the death of Martin Tabert, who was whipped for being too ill to work.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span>] | ||
| Slavery of Mui tsai abolished. | ||
| 1924 | Slavery abolished. | |
| Samfuri:Flagicon image Anglo-Egyptian Sudan | Slavery abolished[65] | |
| Temporary Slavery Commission appointed. | ||
| Slavery abolished | ||
| 1926 | Slavery abolished. | |
| Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery. | ||
| Slavery abolished.[63] | ||
| Law of Property Act 1925. | ||
| 1927 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
Samfuri:Country data Nejd Nejd {{country data Kingdom of Hejaz}} |
Treaty of Jeddah (1927) abolishing the slave trade. | |
| 1928 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Sierra Leone | Abolition of domestic slavery practised by local African elites.[66] Although established as a place for freed slaves, a study found practices of domestic slavery still widespread in rural areas in the 1970s.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span>] |
| Convict lease abolished, the last state in the Union to do so. | ||
| 1929 | Samfuri:Country data Persia | Slavery abolished and criminalized. |
| 1930 | Forced Labour Convention. | |
| Forced Labour (Indirect Compulsion) Recommendation | ||
| Forced Labour (Regulation) Recommendation | ||
| 1932 | Committee of Experts on Slavery appointed. | |
| 1934 | Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery appointed. | |
| 1935 | The invading Italian General Emilio De Bono claims to have abolished slavery in the Ethiopian Empire. | |
| 1936 | Elimination of Recruiting Recommendation | |
| 1936 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Northern Nigeria | Slavery abolished.[67] |
| Slavery abolished.[68] | ||
| 1937 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Bahrain | Slavery abolished.[69] |
| 1937 | Public Works (International Co-operation) Recommendation | |
| 1941 | Franklin D. Roosevelt signs Circular 3591 abolishing all forms of convict leasing. | |
| 1945 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Occupied Germany | Millions of forced labourers and slaves are freed after the fall of the Third Reich; see forced labour under German rule during World War II. |
| Samfuri:Country data Japanese Empire | Millions of forced labourers and sex slaves are freed after the defeat of the Japanese Empire; see comfort women, rōmusha, East Asia Development Board. | |
| 1946 | Samfuri:Flagicon image Occupied Germany | Fritz Sauckel, Nazi official responsible for procuring forced labor in occupied Europe during World War II, is convicted of crimes against humanity and hanged.[70] |
| Beginning of large slave defections encouraged by the French Fourth Republic and the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally party. | ||
| 1948 | Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares slavery contrary to human rights.[71] | |
| 1949 | Slavery abolished.[69] |
1950-1999
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery. | |
| 1952 | Slavery abolished.[72][73] | |
| 1953 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1954 | ||
| 1955 | ||
| 1956 | Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery. | |
| Samfuri:Country data Byelorussian SSR Byelorussia |
1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1957 | The Abolition of Forced Labour Convention eliminates some exceptions admitted in the 1930 Forced Labour Convention. | |
Samfuri:Country data Burma |
1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1958 | Slavery abolished. | |
Samfuri:Country data Ceylon |
1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1959 | Samfuri:Country data Ukrainian SSR Ukraine | |
| 1960 | Slavery abolished.[74] | |
| First president Modibo Keita makes the effective abolition of slavery a prominent goal of the government. However, his efforts are largely abandoned during the dictatorship of Moussa Traoré (1968–1991). | ||
| 1961 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1961 | Slavery abolished under Moroccan Constitution, although domestic slave practices continued. | |
| 1962 | Slavery abolished.[72] | |
Samfuri:Country data Tanganyika (1961–1964) |
1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1963 | ||
| 1964 | Slavery abolished.[lower-alpha 1] | |
| 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | ||
| 1965 | ||
| 1966 | ||
| 1966 | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. | |
| First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. | ||
| 1967 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1968 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1969 | ||
| 1970 | Slavery abolished. | |
| 1972 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1973 | ||
| 1974 | ||
| 1976 | ||
| Thirteenth Amendment ratified. | ||
| 1981 | Slavery abolished, though the ban was not enforced and many people continued to be held as slaves. | |
| 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | ||
| 1982 | ||
| 1983 | ||
| 1984 | ||
| 1985 | ||
| 1986 | ||
| 1987 | ||
| 1990 | ||
| 1992 | ||
| 1993 | ||
| 1994 | ||
| 1995 | ||
| {{country data Mississippi}} | The Mississippi Legislature unanimously votes to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution after a clerk discovers it never had. It is the last eligible state in the union to do so. However, state officials fail to send the required documentation to the state register.[76] | |
| 1996 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1997 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 1998 | Forced ritual servitude of girls in Ewe shrines banned. | |
| Rome Statute |
2000 - yanzu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Date | Jurisdiction | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| 2003 | Slavery criminalized.[74] | |
| 2006 | 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | |
| Temedt, an organization against slavery and the discrimination of former slaves, is founded in Essakane. | ||
| 2007 | Slavery criminalized. | |
| 1926 Slavery Convention ratified. | ||
| 2008 | ||
| 2009 | Section 71 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.[77] | |
| 2010 | Slavery criminalized.[78] | |
| 2013 | {{country data Mississippi}} | Ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment legally recorded.[76] |
| 2014 | Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention | |
| Forced Labour (Supplementary Measures) Recommendation | ||
| 2015 | Modern Slavery Act 2015.[79] | |
| 2017 | Navajo Nation | Criminalization of human trafficking.[80] |
| Slavery criminalized.[81] | ||
| 2018 | Prison exception removed from Colorado's constitutional ban on slavery.[82] | |
| 2019 | Defeat and debellatio of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant leads to the freeing of thousands of slaves, including Yazidi and Christian sex slaves.[83][84] | |
| 2020 | Prison exception removed from both states' constitutional ban on slavery. | |
| 2022 | Prison exception removed from the states' constitutional ban on slavery. | |
| Present | Worldwide | Although slavery is now abolished de jure in all countries, de facto practices akin to it continue today in many places throughout the world,[85][86][87] almost exclusively in Asia and Africa.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span>] |
Duba kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Abolitionism
- Tarihin bauta
- Jerin na gaba-gaba na sokewar (na Thomas Clarkson)
- Sakamako don bauta
- Ayyukan Kasuwancin Bayi
- Bautar jima'i
- Bauta a gama gari
- Bauta a Afirka ta zamani
- Bauta a karni na 21
- Timeline na ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a
- ↑ Except Abu Dhabi, the rest of the Trucial States officially abolished slavery by a joint declaration in 1956. Abu Dhabi officially abolished it in 1963.[75]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Maps | Global Slavery Index".
- ↑ Paul Fouracre, Richard A. Gerberding (1996), Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-4791-9, p. 97–99 & 111.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ Junius P. Rodriguez (1 January 1997). The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery. ABC-CLIO. pp. 392–393. ISBN 978-0-87436-885-7.
- ↑ Breuker, Remco E. Establishing a Pluralist Society in Medieval Korea, 918–1170: History, Ideology and Identity in the Koryŏ Dynasty. BRILL. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-18325-4.
- ↑ Pijper, Frederik (1909). "The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages". The American Historical Review. American Historical Association. 14 (4): 681. doi:10.1086/ahr/14.4.675. JSTOR 1837055.
- 1 2 "Internet History Sourcebooks Project". sourcebooks.fordham.edu.
- ↑ "Statute of Korcula from 1214 – Large Print". Korculainfo.com. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ admin (2019-09-12). "The Statute of the town and island of Korčula from 1214". Korcula.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- 1 2 "Disappearance of Serfdom. France. England. Italy. Germany. Spain". 1902encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ PITTORESQUE, LA FRANCE (2018-01-23). "23 janvier 1318 : le roi Philippe V affranchit les serfs de ses domaines". La France pittoresque. Histoire de France, Patrimoine, Tourisme, Gastronomie (in Faransanci). Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- ↑ "明代的义男买卖与雇工人".
- ↑ "Sicut Dudum Pope Eugene IV – January 13, 1435 – Papal Encyclicals". papalencyclicals.net. 13 January 1435. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSanchez Galera - ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Bartolome de las Casas | Biography, Books, Quotes, Significance, & Facts | Britannica". 27 June 2023.
- ↑ Bano, Shadab (2001). "Professor J.S. Grewal Prize Essay: SLAVE ACQUISITION IN THE MUGHAL EMPIRE". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 62: 317–324. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44155776.
- ↑ Lemons, J. Stanley (Fall 2002). "Rhode Island and the Slave Trade" (PDF). Rhode Island History. Rhode Island Historical Society. 60 (4): 95–104.
- ↑ Hellie, Richard (2009). "Slavery and serfdom in Russia". In Gleason, Abbott. A Companion to Russian History. Wiley Blackwell Companions to World History. 10. John Wiley & Sons. p. 110. ISBN 9781444308426. Retrieved 2015-09-14.
- ↑ (Martín ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Ramos, Luís O. (1971). "Pombal e o esclavagismo" (PDF). Repositório Aberto da Universidade do Porto.
- ↑ Heward, Edmund (1979). Lord Mansfield: A Biography of William Murray 1st Earl of Mansfield 1705–1793 Lord Chief Justice for 32 years. p. 141. Chichester: Barry Rose (publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-85992-163-8
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBlackburn - 1 2 Finkelman, Paul (2007). "The Abolition of The Slave Trade". New York Public Library. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedtimeline - ↑ "Constitution of Vermont (1777)". State of Vermont. 1777. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2014.
- ↑ Lee Ann, Cox. "UVM historian examines Vermont's mixed history of slavery and abolition".
- ↑ "Slavery, freedom or perpetual servitude? – the Joseph Knight case". The National Archives of Scotland. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
- ↑ Viorel Achim, The Roma in Romanian History, Central European University Press, Budapest, 2004. ISBN 963-9241-84-9, p. 128
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedartic1 - 1 2 3 Wettinger, Godfrey (1981). "The abolition of slavery in Malta" (PDF). Archivum: the journal of Maltese historical research. 1: 1–19. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2024.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedKantowicz1975 - ↑ Woodward, Augustus (3 August 2006). "Slavery in the Northwest Territory". Leelanau Communications, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedbritleg - ↑ Levin, Stephenie Seto (1968). "The Overthrow of the Kapu System in Hawaii". Journal of the Polynesian Society. Wellington, NZ: Polynesian Society. 77: 402–430. Archived from the original on 2023-04-19. Retrieved 2025-05-28.
- ↑ "BBC - Liverpool Local History - American Connections - Slavery Timeline". www.bbc.co.uk.
- ↑ "Greek Constitution of 1823, article 9" (PDF).
- ↑ Smith, Robert S. (1 November 1963). "Financing the Central American Federation, 1821–1838". Hispanic American Historical Review (in Turanci). Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. 43 (4): 510. doi:10.1215/00182168-43.4.483. JSTOR 2509898. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
- ↑ Oldfield, Dr John (17 February 2011). "British Anti-slavery". BBC History. BBC. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
the new legislation called for the gradual abolition of slavery. Everyone over the age of six on August 1, 1834, when the law went into effect, was required to serve an apprenticeship of four years in the case of domestics and six years in the case of field hands
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- ↑ "A jobbágyfelszabadítás". Rubicon (in Harshen Hungari). Retrieved 2024-09-01.
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- ↑ Dexter, Darrel (2004). "Slavery in Illinois: How and Why the Underground Railroad Existed". Freedom Trails: Legacies of Hope. Illinois Freedom Trail Commission. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
- ↑ "The Abolition of Slavery in Tunisia 1841–1846 | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". UNESCO.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namednordic - ↑ "Chinese Cultural Studies: The Taiping Rebellion, 1851–1864". Archived from the original on 1 December 2015. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
- ↑ Hays, Jeffrey. "TAIPING REBELLION – Facts and Details". factsanddetails.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ "Esclavitud – Historia del Ecuador – Enciclopedia Del Ecuador". enciclopediadelecuador.com. 28 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedGlobal Slavery Throughout History 2023 p536 - ↑ "Traditional Institutions in Modern Kazakhstan". Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ↑ "The District of Columbia Emancipation Act". National Archives (in Turanci). 2015-10-06. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
- ↑ Ben Waldron (18 February 2013). "Mississippi Officially Abolishes Slavery, Ratifies 13th Amendment". ABC News. Archived from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
- ↑ "Convention between Great Brittain and Egypt" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
- ↑ "The Somali Bantu Their History and Culture" (PDF).
- ↑ "Swahili Coast". National Geographic. 2002-10-17. Archived from the original on 1 October 2005. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ "Affairs in America". CyclopeReview of Current History. Current History Co. 10: 1900: 54. 1901.
- ↑ "Slavery in Colonial Cameroon, 1880s to 1930s" (PDF).
- ↑ "University of Minnesota Human Rights Library". hrlibrary.umn.edu. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- 1 2 "SLAVERY AND THE SLAVE TRADE IN EASTERN AFRICA". ResearchGate.
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- ↑ "Afghan Constitution: 1923". Afghangovernment.com. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ Department of State. The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. "Slavery, Abduction and Forced Servitude in Sudan". 2001-2009.state.gov.
- ↑ The Committee Office, House of Commons (2006-03-06). "House of Commons – International Development – Memoranda". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ "The End of Slavery". BBC. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
- ↑ Russell, Margo (1 April 1976). "Slaves or workers? Relations between Bushmen, Tswana, and Boers in the Kalahari". Journal of Southern African Studies. 2 (2): 178–197. doi:10.1080/03057077608707953 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
- 1 2 "Key dates in chronology of abolitions". Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ↑ "The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military Tribunal sitting at Nuremberg Germany". avalon.law.yale.edu. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". United Nations. 10 December 1948. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) of 10 December 1948 ... Article 4. No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
- 1 2 "BBC – Religions – Islam: Slavery in Islam". BBC. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- 1 2 Anti-Slavery International (28 October 2008). "Niger slavery: Background". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ↑ T. F., Brenchley (27 May 1965). "The Trucial States". FO 371/179785: Slavery in the Persian Gulf. p. 8. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
- 1 2 "Mar. 16, 1995 | Mississippi Ratifies Abolition of Slavery, 130 Years After its Adoption". calendar.eji.org.
- ↑ "Coroners and Justice Act 2009".
- ↑ "Human rights in Tindouf refugee camp" (PDF).
- ↑ "Modern Slavery Act 2015".
- ↑ "Navajo Sign Law Criminalizing Human Trafficking – Indian Country Media Network". indiancountrymedianetwork.com. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ↑ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | 2018 Trafficking in Persons Report – Chad". Refworld.
- ↑ "Colorado Abolishes Prison Slavery in Huge Win for Prisoners Rights". Microsoft News. 7 November 2018.
- ↑ "Life Under Islamic State: Child Slaves". Voice of America. 12 November 2019.
- ↑ "Five years a slave of Islamic State". newstatesman.com.
- ↑ Smith, Alexander (17 October 2013). "30 million people still live in slavery, human rights group says". NBC News. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ↑ Kelly, Annie (3 April 2013). "Modern-day slavery: an explainer". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ↑ "Ethics – Slavery: Modern Slavery". BBC. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
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