Tsarin rigakafi

Tsarin rigakafi
anatomical system type (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	biological system (en) da organ system (en)
Yana haddasa	immunity (en)
Karatun ta	immunology (en)
Development of anatomical structure (en)	immune system development (en)
WordLift URL (en)	http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/immune_system_2

Tsarin rigakafi cibiyar sadarwa ce ta tsarin halittu wanda ke kare kwayar halitta daga cututtuka. Yana ganowa da amsawa ga cututtuka iri-iri, kamar kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta, da ƙwayoyin cuta kansa da abubuwa na ƙasashen waje, kamar ƙwanƙwasawar itace - yana rarrabe su daga ƙwayoyin jiki masu lafiya. Yawancin jinsuna suna da manyan tsarin rigakafi guda biyu. Tsarin rigakafin da aka haifa yana ba da amsa da aka riga aka tsara ga manyan kungiyoyi na yanayi da motsawa. Tsarin rigakafin rigakafi na daidaitawa yana ba da amsa mai dacewa ga kowane motsawa ta hanyar koyon gane kwayoyin da ya haɗu da su a baya. Dukansu suna amfani da kwayoyin halitta da sel don yin ayyukansu.

Kusan dukkanin kwayoyin suna da wani nau'in tsarin rigakafi. Kwayoyin cuta suna da tsarin rigakafi na asali a cikin nau'ikan enzymes waɗanda ke karewa daga kamuwa da kwayar cuta. Sauran hanyoyin rigakafi na asali sun samo asali ne a cikin tsire-tsire da dabbobi na dā (eukaryotes) kuma sun kasance a cikin zuriyarsu ta zamani. Wadannan hanyoyin sun hada da phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides da ake kira defensins, tsangwama ta RNA, da tsarin kari. Dabbobi masu ƙuƙwalwa, gami da mutane, suna da ingantaccen tsarin kariya. Misali, rigakafin daidaitawa yana ba da ikon daidaitawa don gane cututtukan da suka fi dacewa (hypermutation na jiki). Wannan tsari yana haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen martani game da haɗuwa da wannan kwayar cuta. Wannan hanyar rigakafin rigakafi shine ainihin tushen allurar rigakafi.

Kariya Mai Matakai da Yawa

Tsarin rigakafi yana kare mai masaukin sa daga kamuwa da cuta tare da tsaron da ke da ƙaruwa. Shingen jiki yana hana cututtukan kamar kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta daga shiga cikin kwayoyin. Idan kwayar cuta ta karya waɗannan shingen, tsarin rigakafin da aka haifa yana ba da amsa nan take, amma ba takamaiman ba. Ana samun tsarin rigakafin jiki a cikin dukkan Dabbobi. Idan pathogens sun sami nasarar kauce wa amsawar halitta, vertebrates suna da Layer na biyu na kariya, tsarin rigakafi na daidaitawa, wanda aka kunna ta hanyar amsawar halitta. A nan, tsarin rigakafi yana daidaita martani yayin kamuwa da cuta don inganta fahimtar kwayar cutar. Wannan ingantaccen martani ana riƙe shi bayan an kawar da kwayar cutar, a cikin hanyar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, kuma yana ba da damar tsarin rigakafin rigakafi don kai hare-hare da sauri da ƙarfi a duk lokacin da aka haɗu da wannan kwayar cutar.

Dukkanin rigakafin da aka haifa da kuma daidaitawa sun dogara da ikon tsarin rigakafin don rarrabe tsakanin kwayoyin kai da wadanda ba ba kai ba. A cikin ilimin rigakafi, kwayoyin kai sune abubuwan da ke cikin jikin kwayar halitta waɗanda tsarin rigakafi zai iya rarrabewa daga abubuwan kasashen waje.[1] Sabanin haka, kwayoyin da ba na kansu ba sune wadanda aka gane su a matsayin kwayoyin kasashen waje. Ɗaya daga cikin kwayoyin da ba na kansu ba ana kiransu anti (wanda aka fi sani da su don kasancewa masu samar da rigakafi) kuma an bayyana su azaman abubuwa waɗanda ke ɗaure zuwa takamaiman Masu karɓar rigakafi kuma suna haifar da amsawar rigakafi.

Shingen Farfajiya

Shingen da yawa suna kare kwayoyin daga kamuwa da cuta, gami da shingen inji, sinadarai, da na halitta. Cutar waxy na mafi yawan ganye, ƙwayoyin kwayoyin cuta, kwarangwal da membranes na ƙwai da aka ajiye a waje, da fata misalai ne na shingen inji waɗanda sune layin farko na karewa daga kamuwa da cuta.Ba za a iya rufe kwayoyin ba gaba ɗaya daga mahallinsu, don haka tsarin yana aiki don kare buɗewar jiki kamar huhu, hanji, da kuma hanyar jima'i. A cikin huhu, tari da tari yana fitar da cututtukan cututtuka da sauran abubuwan da ke damun daga hanyar numfashi. Ayyukan zubar da hawaye da fitsari kuma suna fitar da cututtuka, yayin da mucus da ke fitowa ta hanyar numfashi da gastrointestinal yana aiki don kamawa da kuma shiga microorganisms.

Tsarin Rigakafin Jiki na Asalai

kwayar halitta sun haɗu da sel da hanyoyin tsarin rigakafi halitta. Sau da yawa ana haifar da martani na halitta lokacin da aka gano ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar masu karɓar ganewa, waɗanda ke gane abubuwan da aka kiyaye tsakanin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin, ko kuma lokacin da suka lalace, suka ji rauni ko ƙwayoyin da aka damu suna aika siginar ƙararrawa, da yawa daga cikinsu masu karɓa iri ɗaya ne suka gane su kamar waɗanda suka gane pathogens. Tsaro na rigakafi na asali ba takamaiman ba ne, ma'ana waɗannan tsarin suna amsawa ga cututtukan cututtuka a hanyar da ta dace. Wannan tsarin ba ya ba da rigakafi na dogon lokaci akan kwayar cuta. Tsarin rigakafin da aka haifa shine tsarin karewa a cikin mafi yawan kwayoyin halitta, kuma shine kawai a cikin shuke-shuke.