Tsarin rubuce-rubuce na harsunan Formosan

Tsarin rubuce-rubuce na harsunan Formosan
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	writing system (en)
Ƙasa	Taiwan

tsarin rubuce-rubuce na Harsunan Formosan haruffa ne na Latin. A halin yanzu, an tsara harsuna 16 (harsuna 45). An sanya haruffa a hukumance a shekara ta 2005.

Tarihi

Rubutun Sinckan suna daya daga cikin rubuce-rubucen rubuce-daban na harsunan Formosan da yawa, gami da Siraya . Wannan tsarin rubuce-rubuce ya samo asali ne daga mishaneri na Dutch a lokacin mulkin Dutch (1624-1662).

Bayan 1947, tare da buƙatar fassarar Littafi Mai-Tsarki, an halicci rubutun Latin don Bunun, Paiwan, Taroko, Atayal, da Amis. A halin yanzu, duk harsuna 16 na Formosan an rubuta su da irin wannan tsarin. Pe̍h-ōe-jī na Taiwanese Hokkien da Pha̍k-fa-são na Taiwanese Hakka suma an kirkiresu ne daga mishaneri na yamma.

A shekara ta 2005, gwamnati ta kafa tsarin rubuce-rubuce na daidaitattun harsunan 'yan asalin Taiwan 16.

Harafin haruffa

Teburin ya nuna yadda ake amfani da haruffa da alamomi don nuna sauti a cikin Harsunan Formosan 16 da aka amince da su.

	a	ae	b	c	d	dh	dj	dr	da kuma	shi ne	f	g	h	hl	i	Ƙari	j	k	l	lh	lj	lr	m	n	ng	o	oe	p	q	R	r	ṟ	S	s	sh	t	th	tj	tr	u	ʉ	v	w	x	da kuma	z	'	^
Abokai	a			t͡s	d, ð, ɬ				da kuma		b, f, v		ħ		i			k	ɾ				m	n	ŋ	o		p			r			s		t				u			w	x	j		Sanya	ʔ
Rashin amincewa	a		β, v	t͡s					da kuma			ɣ	h		i			k	l				m	n	ŋ	o		p	q		r	ɾ		s		t				u			w	x	j	z	ʔ
Kunnen	a		b	t͡s, t͡ɕ	d				kuma, ə				x, χ		i			k	l, ɬ				m	n	ŋ	o		p	q					s		t				u		v				ð	ʔ
Kanakanavu	a			t͡s					da kuma						i			k					m	n	ŋ	o		p			ɾ			s		t				u	Ƙari	v					ʔ
Kavalan	a		b		Sanya				ə				h		i			k	ɾ				m	n	ŋ	o		p	q	ʁ				s		t				u			w		j	z	ʔ
Paiwan	a		b	t͡s	d		ɟ	Abin da ya faru	da kuma			g	h		i			k	Sanya		ʎ		m	n	ŋ			p	q		r			s		t		c		u		v	w		j	z	ʔ
Puyuma	a		b	t͡s	d			Abin da ya faru	ə			g	h		i			k	Sanya			Sanya	m	n	ŋ			p			r			s		t			Sanya	u		v	w		j	z	ʔ
Rukai	a		b	t͡s	d	ð		Abin da ya faru	ə	da kuma		g	h		i	Ƙari		k	l			Sanya	m	n	ŋ	o		p			r			s		t	θ		Sanya	u		v	w		j	z	ʔ
Saaroa	a			t͡s										ɬ	i			k	ɾ				m	n	ŋ			p			r			s		t				u	Ƙari	v					ʔ
Saisiyat	a	æ ne	β						ə				h		i			k	l				m	n	ŋ	o	ya	p			r		ʃ	s, θ		t							w		j	z, ð	ʔ
Sakizaya	a		b	t͡s	d, ð, ɬ				ə				ħ		i			k	ɾ				m	n	ŋ	o		p						s		t				u			w		j	z	Sanya
Ranar Jumma'a	a		b	t͡s	d				kuma, ə			g	ħ		i		ɟ	k	l				m	n	ŋ	o		p	q		r			s		t				u			w	x	j
Taroko	a		b	t͡ɕ	d				ə			ɣ	ħ		i		ɟ	k	Sanya				m	n	ŋ	o		p	q		ɾ			s		t				u			w	x	j
Thao	a		b		d						Sanya		h		i			k	l	ɬ			m	n	ŋ			p	q		r			s	ʃ	t	θ			u			β, w		j	ð	ʔ
Tsou	a		ɓ	t͡s					da kuma		f		x		i			k	ɗ				m	n	ŋ	o		p						s		t				u		v		Ƙari	j	z	ʔ
Yami	a		b	t͡s, t͡ɕ	Abin da ya faru				ə			g	Sanya		i		d͡ʒ, d͡o	k	l				m	n	ŋ	o, u		p			Sanya			ʂ		t						f	w		j	r	ʔ

 

Bincike

Ana tattauna sake fasalin haruffa. Teburin da ke ƙasa shine taƙaitaccen shawarwari da yanke shawara (wanda 'yan asalin ƙasar da masu ilimin harshe suka yi). Alamomin da aka kewaye da bangarorin kusurwa ‹› haruffa ne, yayin da waɗanda aka kewaye su da bangarori na murabba'i [] daga Harshen Harshen Haruffa na Duniya ne. An rubuta sunayen yaruka a cikin Sinanci.

Harshe	Shawarwarin	Shawarwarin 2017	Shawarwarin Ƙarshe
Abokai	1.Abokai, Sakizaya suna amfani da ‹^› don tsayawar ƙashi [ʔ] da ‹"› don tsayawa ta ƙashi [[, yayin da wasu harsuna ke amfani da ‹"』 don tsayawar ƙwaƙwalwa 2. ‹u› da ‹o› suna da alama allophones 3. Marlan: ƙara ‹i"› don [ε] 4. Kudancin: canza ‹f› zuwa ‹b›	1. Ci gaba da amfani da ma'auni 2. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ‹u› ko ‹o› 3 kawai. An ƙi 4. An yarda da shi
Rashin amincewa	1. 賽考利克, kakar wasa ta huɗu: ƙara ‹f›;萬大: ƙara ‹z› 2. Amfani da ‹_› zuwa: (1) raba ‹n› da ‹g› jerin daga ‹ng›, (2) suna wakiltar raguwar wasali 3. Mai girma, mai kyau: share 'q'	1. An ƙi 2. Ci gaba da amfani da ma'auni 3. An yarda da shi
Paiwan	1. 中排, 南排: amfani da ‹gr› maimakon ‹dr› 2. Amfani da ‹w› da ‹v› ba daidai ba	1. Don a tattauna; 力里 yana buƙatar harafi don [ɣ] 2. Don a tattauna shi
Kunnen	1. Ƙara sautin ‹e› da ‹o› 2. 郡群: ‹ti› ya canza zuwa ‹ci› (palatalization) 3. Ƙungiyar ƙauyuka: ‹si› (palatalization) 4. 郡群 yana amfani da ‹-› don tsayawa ta glottal 5. Rashin [ʔ] na iya haifar da ‹y› ya zama phoneme	1. An yarda da shi 2. Don a tattauna 3. Ka kasance 'idanka' 4. Kasancewa ‹-›
Puyuma	1. Sanin, 初鹿, 建和: ƙara ‹b› 2. Ka gina da kuma: ƙara ‹z› 3. Sanin: ƙara 'dr› 4. Sarkin Kudu: share ‹"› da ‹h› 5. 知本, 初鹿, 建和, 南王: ƙara ‹o› da ‹ē› 6. Hanyar asali ta amfani da ‹l› don retroflex da ‹lr› don [[[[[[[[]]]]]]]] (wanda shine [l] a cikin南王) yana rikitarwa. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da ‹lr› [X] , ‹lh› [X], ‹l› [L][l]	1. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 2. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 3. An ba da shawarar kada a ƙara 4. Ka kawar da ‹h› 5. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 6. Ba za a iya cimma yarjejeniya ba 7. Cire ‹"› kuma yi amfani da ‹q› don [ʔ] da [ɦ]
Rukai	1. 大武: ƙara ‹tr› 2. 萬山: ƙara ‹b› da ‹g› 3. Tashin iska: ƙara 'kai' 4. 多納: Yi amfani da ‹u› a maimakon ‹o›	1. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 2. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 3. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 4. An yarda da shi
Saisiyat	1. Alamar dogon wasali ‹:› 2. Ƙara 'c, f, g'	1. Ka kawar da 2. Don a tattauna shi
Tsou	1. Rashin 'r' don 2. Yi amfani da ‹x› don wasali ‹ʉ› don saukakawa 3. Ƙara 'g' 4. ‹l› yana da sauti biyu: [ɗ] da [l]	1. Ajiye wasikar don 久美 2. An yarda da shi 3. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 4. Don a yi nazari
Yami	1. Ikklisiyoyi suna amfani da ‹h› don duka [ʔ] da [[	1. Ya kamata a yi amfani da ‹"› don [ʔ]
Thao	1. Ya kamata a yi amfani da 'da'a don rarrabe 'lh' (vs. 'l.h') da 'th' (vs.)	1. Ci gaba da amfani da ma'auni 2. Ƙara 'aa, ii, uu›
Kavalan	1. Rashin jituwa na ‹o› da ‹u› 2. Ƙara trill ‹r› don Ō原	1. Ƙara ‹o› don rarrabewa daga ‹u› 2. Mutanen daga kabilar sun yanke shawarar kada su kara 3. Ƙara 'y, w'
Taroko	1. Ƙara '" 2. Ƙara 'aw, ay, uy, ow, ey' 3. Bai kamata a cire sautin da aka rage ba 'e'.	1. Don a tattauna 2. Ƙara 'ey' 3.[e] Mutanen ƙabilar ba sa so su canza ka'idojin rubutun yanzu
Ranar Jumma'a	1. 都達,德路固: ƙara ‹aw, ay, uy, ow, ey› 2. Ƙara 'j' 3. 'w' bai kamata a bar shi ba 4. Bai kamata a cire sautin da aka rage ba 'e'.	1. Ƙara ‹ey› [e]; ‹aw, ay, uy› an ƙara shi ne kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 2. Sai kawai a cikin kalmomin aro 3. Mutanen daga kabilar ba sa so su canza ka'idojin rubutun yanzu 4. Mutanen ƙabilar ba sa so su canza ka'idojin rubutun yanzu
Sakizaya	1. Cire '^' don tsayawar epiglottal 2. Rashin bambanci tsakanin ‹x› da ‹h› 3. ‹l›, ‹r› suna da alama allophones	1. An yarda da shi; amfani da ‹"› don [ʔ] da [Z] 2. Ka share ‹x› kuma ka riƙe ‹h› 3. Don a tattauna 4. Yi amfani da ‹b› [b] a maimakon ‹f›
Hla'alua	1. Ƙara ‹ʉ› don [ɨ] 2. Cire sautin tsakiya ‹e› [ə]	1. An yarda da shi 2. An yarda da shi 3. Kasancewa ‹r› don [r] da ‹l› don [ɾ]
Kanakanavu	1. Canja ‹e› [ə] zuwa ‹e›[e] 2. Ƙara ‹ʉ› don [ɨ] 3. Rashin 'l'	1. An yarda da shi 2. An yarda da shi 3. Cire ‹l› kuma yi amfani da ‹r› don [r, ɾ]