Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum

Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum
Tsarin tsokoki da ƙashi na mutum
class of human anatomical entity (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	musculoskeletal system (en) , particular anatomical entity (en) da human organ system (en)
Bangare na	Jikin mutum
Amfani	animal locomotion (en) , structural support (en) da tsaro

Tsarin tsokar tsoka na ɗan adam (wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin motsa jiki na ɗan adam, kuma a da tsarin aiki ) tsarin gabobi ne wanda ke ba wa ɗan adam ikon motsawa ta amfani da tsarin tsoka da ƙashi . Tsarin tsokar tsoka yana ba da tsari, tallafi, kwanciyar hankali, da motsi ga jiki.

Tsarin tsokar tsoka na ɗan adam ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwan kwarangwal, tsokoki, guringuntsi, jijiyoyi, jijiyoyi, haɗin gwiwa, da sauran kyallen haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke tallafawa da haɗa kyallen jiki da gabobi wuri ɗaya. Babban ayyukan tsarin tsokar tsoka sun haɗa da tallafawa jiki, barin motsi, da kare muhimman gabobi. ^[1] Sashen kwarangwal na tsarin yana aiki a matsayin babban tsarin ajiya don calcium da phosphorus kuma ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin hematopoietic .

Wannan tsarin yana bayyana yadda ƙasusuwa ke haɗuwa da sauran ƙasusuwa da zare na tsoka ta hanyar nama mai haɗawa kamar jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi. Ƙasusuwa suna ba da kwanciyar hankali ga jiki. Tsokoki suna riƙe ƙasusuwa a wurinsu kuma suna taka rawa a cikin motsinsu. Don barin motsi, ƙasusuwa daban-daban suna haɗuwa tare. Cartilage yana hana ƙarshen ƙashi shafa kai tsaye a kan juna. Tsokoki suna ɗaurewa don motsa ƙasusuwan da aka haɗa a haɗin gwiwa. An tsara haɗin gwiwa da tsokoki don yin hulɗa cikin jituwa ta yadda duk wani ƙarfin tsoka da aka yi amfani da shi yana riƙe haɗin gwiwa a wurinsa kuma ya daidaita daidai yayin motsi kuma wannan, a gefe guda, yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye tsayi da tashin hankali daidai a cikin waɗannan tsokoki masu dacewa.

Duk da haka, akwai cututtuka da matsaloli waɗanda zasu iya yin mummunan tasiri ga aikin da ingancin tsarin gaba ɗaya. Waɗannan cututtuka na iya zama da wahala a gano su saboda kusancin da ke tsakanin tsarin tsoka da sauran tsarin ciki. Tsarin tsoka yana nufin tsarin da tsokokinsa ke haɗe da tsarin ƙashi na ciki kuma yana da mahimmanci ga mutane su matsa zuwa matsayi mafi kyau. Matsaloli masu rikitarwa da raunuka da suka shafi tsarin tsoka yawanci ana magance su ta hanyar likitan fisiyo (ƙwararre a fannin likitancin jiki da gyaran jiki ) ko likitan ƙashi .

Tsarin ƙasa

Ƙwaƙwalwa

Tsarin kwarangwal yana da ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa; yana samar da siffa da tsari ga jiki, tallafi da kariya, yana ba da damar motsa jiki, yana samar da jini ga jiki, da kuma adana ma'adanai. ^[2] Adadin ƙasusuwa a cikin tsarin kwarangwal na ɗan adam batu ne mai rikitarwa. An haifi mutane da ƙasusuwa sama da 300; duk da haka, ƙasusuwa da yawa suna haɗuwa tsakanin haihuwa da balaga. Sakamakon haka, matsakaicin kwarangwal na manya ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa 206. Adadin ƙasusuwa ya bambanta bisa ga hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita don samun ƙidayar. Yayin da wasu ke ɗaukar wasu tsare-tsare a matsayin ƙashi ɗaya mai sassa da yawa, wasu na iya ganinsa a matsayin ɓangare ɗaya mai ƙasusuwa da yawa. ^[3] Akwai rarrabuwa guda biyar na ƙasusuwa gabaɗaya. Waɗannan su ne dogayen ƙasusuwa, ƙasusuwa gajeru, ƙasusuwa masu faɗi, ƙasusuwa marasa daidaituwa, da ƙasusuwa na sesamoid . Ƙasusuwan ɗan adam ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa masu haɗuwa da na mutum ɗaya waɗanda ke tallafawa jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, jijiyoyi, tsokoki da guringuntsi . Tsarinsa mai rikitarwa ne mai rarrabuwa biyu daban-daban; ƙasusuwan axial, wanda ya haɗa da ginshiƙin ƙashin baya, da ƙasusuwan appendicular . ^[4]

aiki

Tsarin kwarangwal yana aiki a matsayin tsarin da kyallen takarda da gabobin jiki za su manne da su. Wannan tsarin yana aiki a matsayin tsarin kariya ga muhimman gabobin jiki. Manyan misalan wannan sune kwakwalwa tana kare ta da kwanyar kai kuma huhu tana kare ta da kejin haƙarƙari .

Akwai bambance-bambance guda biyu a cikin ƙasusuwa masu tsayi (rawaya da ja). Raƙuman rawaya suna da nama mai haɗin kai kuma ana samun su a cikin ramin maƙogwaro. A lokacin yunwa, jiki yana amfani da kitsen da ke cikin maƙogwaro mai launin rawaya don makamashi. ^[5] Raƙuman ja na wasu ƙasusuwa wuri ne mai mahimmanci don samar da ƙwayoyin jini, kimanin ƙwayoyin jini ja miliyan 2.6 a kowace daƙiƙa don maye gurbin ƙwayoyin da ke akwai waɗanda hanta ta lalata. ^[2] A nan duk ƙwayoyin jini na erythrocytes, platelets, da yawancin leukocytes suna samuwa a cikin manya. Daga maƙogwaro mai launin ja, ƙwayoyin jini na erythrocytes, platelets, da leukocytes suna ƙaura zuwa jini don yin ayyukansu na musamman.

Wani aikin ƙashi shine adana wasu ma'adanai. Calcium da phosphorus suna cikin manyan ma'adanai da ake adanawa. Muhimmancin wannan "na'urar" ajiya yana taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaiton ma'adanai a cikin jini. Idan canjin ma'adanai ya yi yawa, ana adana waɗannan ma'adanai a cikin ƙashi ; idan ya yi ƙasa za a cire su daga ƙashi.

tsoka

Akwai nau'ikan tsokoki guda uku - zuciya, ƙashi, da santsi . Ana amfani da tsokoki masu santsi don sarrafa kwararar abubuwa a cikin lumens na gabobin da ba su da zurfi, kuma ba a sarrafa su da sani ba . Tsokokin ƙashi da na zuciya suna da striations waɗanda ake iya gani a ƙarƙashin na'urar hangen nesa saboda abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halittarsu. Tsokoki masu santsi da santsi ne kawai ɓangare na tsarin tsokar jiki kuma tsokoki ne kawai za su iya motsa jiki. Ana samun tsokoki na zuciya a cikin zuciya kuma ana amfani da su ne kawai don zagayawa da jini ; kamar tsokoki masu santsi, waɗannan tsokoki ba sa ƙarƙashin ikon sani. Tsokokin ƙashi suna haɗe da ƙashi kuma an shirya su a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu adawa a kusa da haɗin gwiwa . ^[6] Tsokoki suna cikin jiki, inda ake isar da siginar jijiyoyi ^[7] ta hanyar jijiyoyi, waɗanda ke gudanar da kwararar lantarki daga tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya kuma suna sa tsokoki su yi ƙunci. ^[8]

Fara maƙura

A cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa, lokacin da tsoka ta yi ƙarfi, jerin halayen suna faruwa. Matsewar tsoka yana ƙaruwa ne ta hanyar aika saƙo ga tsokoki daga tsarin jijiyoyi na somatic . Depolarization na ƙwayar jijiya mai motsi yana haifar da sakin masu jijiyoyi daga tashar jijiya . Sararin da ke tsakanin tashar jijiya da ƙwayar tsoka ana kiransa da haɗin neuromuscular . Waɗannan masu jijiyoyi suna yaɗuwa a cikin synapse kuma suna ɗaure zuwa takamaiman wuraren masu jijiyoyi akan membrane na ƙwayar tsoka . Lokacin da aka ƙarfafa isassun masu jijiyoyi, ana samar da ƙarfin aiki kuma ana canza ikon sarcolemma . Wannan tsari ana kiransa farawa. ^[9]

jijiyar jijiyoyi

Jijiya wani yanki ne mai tauri da sassauƙa na nama mai haɗin kai wanda ke haɗa tsokoki da ƙasusuwa. ^[10] Nama mai haɗin kai na waje tsakanin zaruruwan tsoka yana ɗaure da jijiyoyi a ƙarshen nesa da kusa, kuma jijiya tana ɗaure da periosteum na ƙasusuwa daban-daban a asalin tsoka da kuma shigarta. Yayin da tsokoki ke matsewa, jijiyoyi suna aika ƙarfi zuwa ga ƙasusuwa masu tauri, suna jan su suna haifar da motsi. Jijiyoyi na iya shimfiɗa sosai, suna ba su damar yin aiki azaman maɓuɓɓuga yayin motsi, ta haka suna adana kuzari.

Haɗuwa, jiji da bursae

Gabobi tsari ne da ke haɗa ƙasusuwa daban-daban kuma yana iya barin ƙasusuwa su yi motsi a kan juna don haifar da motsi. Akwai rabe-raben gabobi guda uku: diarthroses, wanda ke ba da damar motsi mai yawa tsakanin kawunan articular guda biyu ko fiye; amphiarthroses, wanda ke ba da damar motsi; da kuma gabobin ƙarya ko synarthroses, waɗanda ke ba da damar motsi kaɗan ko babu kuma galibi suna da fibrous . Gabobin synovial, gabobin da ba a haɗa kai tsaye ba, ana shafa musu mai da wani magani da ake kira ruwa mai narkewa wanda membranes na synovial ke samarwa. Wannan ruwan yana rage gogayya tsakanin saman articular kuma ana ajiye shi a cikin wani kapsul na articular, yana ɗaure gabobin da kyallen jikinsa mai ƙarfi. ^[4]

Ƙungiyoyin Jijiyoyi

Jijiya ƙaramin yanki ne na nama mai laushi mai yawa, fari, da kuma fibrous . ^[4] Jijiyoyi suna haɗa ƙarshen ƙasusuwa wuri ɗaya domin su samar da haɗin gwiwa. Yawancin jijiyoyi suna iyakance wargajewa, ko kuma suna hana wasu motsi waɗanda ka iya haifar da karyewa. Tunda su ne kawai masu laushi. suna ƙara tsayi idan ana matsa lamba. Idan wannan ya faru, jijiyar na iya karyewa wanda zai haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali a haɗin gwiwa.

Haɗaɗɗun jijiyoyi na iya takaita wasu ayyuka: motsi kamar faɗaɗawa da lanƙwasawa suna iyakancewa ta hanyar jijiyoyin jini zuwa wani mataki. Haka kuma jijiyoyin suna hana wasu motsi na alkibla. ^[11]

Bursa

Bursa ƙaramin jaka ne mai cike da ruwa wanda aka yi da farin nama mai kama da fata kuma an lulluɓe shi da membrane na synovial . Haka kuma ana iya samar da Bursa ta hanyar membrane na synovial wanda ya faɗaɗa a wajen haɗin gwiwa . ^[5] Yana samar da matashin kai tsakanin ƙasusuwa da jijiyoyi ko tsokoki a kusa da haɗin gwiwa; bursa yana cike da ruwan synovial kuma ana samunsa a kusa da kusan kowace babbar haɗin jiki.

Muhimmancin asibiti

Saboda sauran tsarin jiki da yawa, gami da tsarin jijiyoyin jini, jijiyoyi, da na ciki, suna da alaƙa da juna, rashin lafiyar ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tsarin na iya shafar tsarin tsoka da kuma rikitar da ganewar asalin matsalar. Cututtukan tsarin tsoka galibi sun haɗa da matsalolin aiki ko bambance-bambancen motsi; matakin rashin lafiyar ya dogara ne musamman akan matsalar da tsananinta. A cikin wani bincike kan asibiti a Amurka, mafi yawan hanyoyin OR da aka fi amfani da su a cikin asibiti a cikin 2012 sun haɗa da tsarin tsoka: tiyatar gwiwa, tiyatar laminectomy, maye gurbin kugu, da haɗin kashin baya. ^[13]

Cututtukan haɗin gwiwa (ko waɗanda suka shafi haɗin gwiwa) ^[14] sune suka fi yawa. Duk da haka, daga cikin cututtukan da aka gano akwai: cututtukan tsoka na farko, cututtukan jijiyoyi (da suka shafi kimiyyar likitanci da ke magance tsarin jijiyoyi da matsalolin da ke shafar su) ^[15] ƙarancin guba, gurɓatattun abubuwa, matsalolin endocrine, matsalolin metabolism, cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa, matsalolin jini da jijiyoyin jini, da rashin daidaiton abinci mai gina jiki.

Matsalolin tsokoki daga wani tsarin jiki na iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa kamar: raunin motsi na ido da iko, rashin aikin numfashi, da kuma matsalar mafitsara. Cikakken gurguntawa, paresis, ko ataxia na iya faruwa ne sakamakon matsalolin tsoka na farko waɗanda suka samo asali daga kamuwa da cuta ko guba ; duk da haka, matsalar farko yawanci tana da alaƙa da tsarin jijiyoyi, tare da tsarin tsoka yana aiki a matsayin sashin aiki, wani sashin da ke iya amsawa ga wani abu mai motsawa, musamman motsin jijiya.

Wani rashin lafiya da ba a bayyana ba wanda ke farawa a lokacin daukar ciki shine ciwon ƙugu . Yana da rikitarwa, mai yawan factorial, kuma ana iya wakilta shi da jerin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ciwo ya haifar, tun daga tsarin jijiyoyi na gefe ko na tsakiya, canjin laxity/taurin tsokoki, ^[16] laxity zuwa raunin tsarin jijiyoyi/ligamentous ^[17] zuwa tsarin jiki mara daidaitawa. ^[18]

Duba kuma

Tsokokin kwarangwal na jikin ɗan adam
Tsoka ta ƙashi
Tsarin tsoka

Manazarta

Page Samfuri:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

↑ Mooar, Pekka (2007). "Muscles". Merck Manual. Archived from the original on Nov 10, 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2008.
1 2 Applegate, Edith; Kent Van De Graaff. "The Skeletal System". Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
↑ Engelbert, Phillis; Carol DeKane Nagel (2009). "The Human Body / How Many Bones Are In The Human Body?". U·X·L Science Fact Finder. eNotes.com, Inc. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2009.
1 2 3 Gary, Farr (25 June 2002). "The Musculoskeletal System". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
1 2 "Skeletal System". 2001. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2009.
↑ Mooar, Pekka (2007). "Muscles". The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Retrieved 16 November 2008.
↑ "innervated". Dictionary.com. 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
↑ Bárány, Michael; Bárány, Kate (2002). "Smooth muscle". Biochemistry of muscle contraction. Archived from the original on Dec 2, 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
↑ "The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction". Principles of Meat Science (4th Edition). Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2008.
↑ Jonathan, Cluett (2008). "Tendons". Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2008.
↑ Bridwell, Keith. "Ligaments". Retrieved 16 March 2009.
↑ "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
↑ Fingar KR, Stocks C, Weiss AJ, Steiner CA (December 2014). "Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012". HCUP Statistical Brief. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (186).
↑ "articular". Random House Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
↑ "neurologic". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2008.
↑ Vleeming, Andry; Albert, Hanne B.; Östgaard, Hans Christian; Sturesson, Bengt; Stuge, Britt (June 2008). "European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain". European Spine Journal. 17 (6): 794–819. doi:10.1007/s00586-008-0602-4. PMC 2518998. PMID 18259783.
↑ Vleeming, Andry; de Vries, Haitze; Mens, Jan; van Wingerden, Jan-Paul (2002). "Possible role of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament in women with peripartum pelvic pain". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 81 (5): 430–436. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810510.x. ISSN 0001-6349. PMID 12027817. S2CID 18323116.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Diagnosis".

Samfuri:Organ systems

[1] Mooar, Pekka (2007). "Muscles". Merck Manual. Archived from the original on Nov 10, 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2008.

[skeletalsystem-2] 1 2 Applegate, Edith; Kent Van De Graaff. "The Skeletal System". Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 3 January 2009.

[3] Engelbert, Phillis; Carol DeKane Nagel (2009). "The Human Body / How Many Bones Are In The Human Body?". U·X·L Science Fact Finder. eNotes.com, Inc. Archived from the original on 25 October 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2009.

[becomehealthy-4] 1 2 3 Gary, Farr (25 June 2002). "The Musculoskeletal System". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2008.

[adam-5] 1 2 "Skeletal System". 2001. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2009.

[6] Mooar, Pekka (2007). "Muscles". The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Retrieved 16 November 2008.

[7] "innervated". Dictionary.com. 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2009.

[8] Bárány, Michael; Bárány, Kate (2002). "Smooth muscle". Biochemistry of muscle contraction. Archived from the original on Dec 2, 2008. Retrieved 19 November 2008.

[9] "The Mechanism of Muscle Contraction". Principles of Meat Science (4th Edition). Archived from the original on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 18 November 2008.

[10] Jonathan, Cluett (2008). "Tendons". Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 19 November 2008.

[11] Bridwell, Keith. "Ligaments". Retrieved 16 March 2009.

[12] "WHO Disease and injury country estimates". World Health Organization. 2009. Retrieved 11 November 2009.

[13] Fingar KR, Stocks C, Weiss AJ, Steiner CA (December 2014). "Most Frequent Operating Room Procedures Performed in U.S. Hospitals, 2003–2012". HCUP Statistical Brief. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (186).

[14] "articular". Random House Unabridged Dictionary. Random House, Inc. 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2008.

[15] "neurologic". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006. Retrieved 15 November 2008.

[16] Vleeming, Andry; Albert, Hanne B.; Östgaard, Hans Christian; Sturesson, Bengt; Stuge, Britt (June 2008). "European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain". European Spine Journal. 17 (6): 794–819. doi:10.1007/s00586-008-0602-4. PMC 2518998. PMID 18259783.

[Vleemingde_Vries2002-17] Vleeming, Andry; de Vries, Haitze; Mens, Jan; van Wingerden, Jan-Paul (2002). "Possible role of the long dorsal sacroiliac ligament in women with peripartum pelvic pain". Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 81 (5): 430–436. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810510.x. ISSN 0001-6349. PMID 12027817. S2CID 18323116.

[Diagnosis-18] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Diagnosis".

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