Tsibirin Berezan

Tsibirin Berezan
General information
Height above mean sea level (en)	21 m
Tsawo	0.9 km
Fadi	0.32 km
Yawan fili	0.2 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	46°35′54″N 31°24′43″E
Kasa	Ukraniya
Territory	Mykolaiv Oblast (en) da Q29655106
Flanked by	Black Sea
Hydrography (en)
Mountaineering (en)
First ascent (en)	1788

Tsibirin Berezan yana cikin Tekun Baƙi a ƙofar Dnieper-Bug Estuary, Mykolaiv Raion, Mykolaev Oblast, Ukraine. Yana da nisan kilomita 8 daga garin Ochakiv da nisan kilometres 4 daga ƙauyen Rybakivka [uk]. Sau da yawa ana rikitar da shi da tsibirin wucin gadi na Pervomaisky wanda ke cikin Dnieper-Bug Estuary. Tsibirin Berezan yana da kimanin mita 900 a tsawon da mita 320 a faɗin, tsawo na ɓangaren arewa shine mita 3-6, ɓangaren kudu shine mita 21. An raba shi da babban yankin (wanda watakila an haɗa shi da daɗewa) da kusan mil da rabi na ruwa mai zurfi. Berezan wani bangare ne na tarihin tarihi da kuma binciken archaeological na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa ta Ukraine "Olbia". Tsibirin ba shi da mazauna. A lokacin rani, tafiye-tafiye na archaeological na IA NASU da Gidan Tarihi na Jihar sun yi aiki a nan. Ana lalata shafin binciken archaeological a kai a kai sakamakon binciken da ba a ba da izini ba.    

Tarihi

Berezan gida ce ga ɗayan yankunan Girka na farko (watakila an san su da Borysthenes, bayan sunan Girka na Dnieper) a arewacin yankin Black Sea. An fara zama a tsibirin ne a tsakiyar karni na 7 BC. kuma an yi watsi da shi sosai a ƙarshen karni na 5 BC, lokacin da Olbia ya zama babban mallaka a yankin. A cikin karni na 5 BC, Herodotus ya ziyarce shi don tattara bayanai game da arewacin kogin mai suna. Ƙasar ta bunƙasa a kan cinikin alkama tare da yankin Scythian.

A tsakiyar zamanai, tsibirin yana da muhimmancin soja saboda yana da umurni da bakin Dnieper. A lokacin Kievan Rus" akwai wani muhimmin tashar a kan Varangians_to_the_Greeks" id="mwSA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks">Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa. A can ne Varangians suka fara hulɗa da Helenawa.

Yankunan Girka a arewacin Tekun Black Sea (Euxine Sea), 8th zuwa 3rd karni KZ. An nuna cewa Borysthenes yana kan tsibirin Berezan (kusa da Olbia)

Rubutun Runic kawai a Kudancin Ukraine, Berezan 'Runestone, an samo shi a tsibirin a cikin 1905, yanzu ana nuna shi a Gidan Tarihin Odesa. Rubutun da alama ya kasance wani ɓangare na kabari a kan kabarin wani dan kasuwa na Varangian daga Gotland. Rubutun ya karanta: "Grani ya yi wannan ajiya don tunawa da Karl, abokin aikinsa. "

Gudanar da kogin (wanda aka sani a cikin tushen Slavic na Gabas kamar Beloberezhye, ko White Shores) an yi jayayya tsakanin Kievan Rus da Byzantium a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe da yawa na Rus'-Byzantine . A ƙarshe Yarjejeniyar Rus'-Byzantine ta 944 ta tsara cewa Rus' na iya amfani da tsibirin a lokacin rani, ba tare da kafa sansanonin hunturu a cikin bakin teku ba ko kuma zaluntar 'yan Chersonesos da ke kamun kifi a bakin teku. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen yaƙin Sviatoslav I da Byzantium, an ba wannan mulkin Rus damar kwashe sojojinsa daga Dorostolon zuwa Beloberezhye, inda sojojinsa suka kwashe hunturu mai fama da yunwa na 971/972.

A cikin ƙarni na 14 da 15, lokacin da duk Bug-Dniester interfluve ya kasance wani ɓangare na Grand Duchy na Lithuania, akwai ɗan bayani game da tsibirin, kuma a farkon ƙarni na 15 da 16 tsibirin ya mallaki Crimean Khanate, amma ba a zaune ba. A lokaci guda, Cossacks na Zaporozhian sun san game da tsibirin kuma sun yi amfani da shi don kafa jiragen ruwa da hutawa yayin tafiye-tafiye da yawa na teku.[1]

Cossacks na Zaporozhian sun farfado da Berezan a matsayin sansani a lokacin yakin da suka yi da Crimean Tatars da Daular Ottoman a ƙarni na 16 da 17. Bayan faduwar makwabciyar Ochakov ga Rasha, an haɗa tsibirin tare da sauran Sabon Rasha cikin Daular Rasha.