Tsibirin Comoro
| Tsibirin Comoro | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General information | |
| Gu mafi tsayi | Dutsen Karthala |
Height above mean sea level (en)  | 2,361 m |
| Yawan fili | 2,034 km² |
| Labarin ƙasa | |
 | |
| Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa | 12°12′S 44°15′E / 12.2°S 44.25°E |
| Kasa | Komoros da Faransa |
| Territory | Anjouan da Komoros |
| Flanked by | Tashar Mozambique |
| Hydrography (en) | |
Tsibirin Comoro rukuni ne na tsibirai masu fitattun wuta a cikin Mozambique Channel, wani bangare na Tekun Indiya da ke tsakanin Madagascar da yankin Afirka. Uku daga cikin tsibirai sun samar da Union of the Comoros, wata ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta, yayin da Mayotte ta kasance ta Faransa.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibiran Comoro suna cikin Tashar Mozambique da ke arewa maso yammacin Madagascar kuma suna fuskantar Mozambique. Waɗannan tsibiran masu aman wuta, waɗanda suka mamaye jimillar faɗin shekarar 2034. km 2 (785 sq. mi.), sune kamar haka:
- Ngazidja (wanda aka fi sani da Grande Comore): tsibirin mafi girma na Union of the Comoros, tare da babban birninta Moroni
- [./<i id= Anjouan" id="mwNg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Anjouan">Ndzuwani] (wanda aka fi sani da Anjouan): wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Comoros
- [./<i id= Mohéli" id="mwOQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Mohéli">Mwali] (wanda aka fi sani da Mohéli): wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Comoros
- Mayotte (wanda aka fi sani da Maore): sashen kasashen waje na Faransa. Mayotte ta ƙunshi tsibirai biyu, Grande-Terre da Petite-Terre (wanda aka fi sani da Pamanzi), inda Filin jirgin saman Dzaoudzi-Pamandzi yake.
Tsibirin Glorioso, wanda ya ƙunshi Grande Glorieuse, Île du Lys da ƙananan tsibirai takwas na dutse, an haɗa su da tsibirin kafin 1975, kuma, a fannin ilimin ƙasa, sun zama wani ɓangare na tsibirin.
Shahararrun reefs da ke cikin tsibirin sune kamar haka:
- Banc Vailheu, ko Raaya, dutsen mai fitattun wuta mai nisan kilomita 20 (10 miles) yammacin Grand Comoros
- Banc du Geyser, wani reef mai auna 8 da 5 km (5 da 3 miles) a yankin, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 130 (80 miles) Arewa maso gabashin Grande-Terre
- Banc du Leven, tsohon tsibiri tsakanin Madagascar da Grande-Terre wanda yanzu ya nutse
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
wata an zauna a Comoros tun farkon ƙarni na 6; daga cikin mutanen da suka haye teku don su mamaye tsibirin akwai Mutanen da ke magana da Bantu, Austronesian (ciki har da Malagasy), Larabawa, Somaliya, Portuguese, Faransanci, da Indiyawa. Musulunci mai yiwuwa ya zo a cikin karni na 10. Tsibirin Comoro sun kafa, tare da Zanzibar, Pemba, Lamu, da garuruwan bakin teku na Kenya da Tanzania, yanki mai haɗin kai da wadata na Al'adun Swahili, kasuwanci a cikin kayayyakin gida waɗanda aka fitar da su zuwa gabar Afirka, Madagascar, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Indiya. A wannan lokacin, ikon siyasa yana hannun sarakunan yankin. A lokacin binciken da suka yi a yankin Comoros, Portuguese sun sauka a tsibirin Moon, a cikin 1505; kamar Larabci ne don wata.
A lokacin mulkin mallaka, mazauna Faransa sun kafa gonaki, da farko suna samar da sukari, tsari mai zurfi wanda ya dogara da aikin 'yan Afirka da yawa. A cikin karni na ashirin, sun shuka shuke-shuke masu turare da kayan yaji, kamar su ylang ylang, vanilla da cloves, da kuma copra. A shekara ta 1946, Faransa ta sake bayyana Comoros a matsayin Yankin kasashen waje na Faransa.
A shekara ta 1974, Faransa ta shirya zaben raba gardama don tabbatar da kai a cikin tsibirin. Sai dai a Mayotte, yawan jama'a sun kada kuri'a da yawa don amincewa da 'yancin kai. Bayan sanarwar 'yancin kai a 1975, Faransa ta ci gaba da samun ikon mallakar Mayotte.
Sauran tsibirai uku sun kafa Etat Comorian, wanda daga baya ya zama Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Tarayya ta Tsibirin Comoros kuma a yau ita ce Tarayyar Comoros.
A cikin shekara ta 1996, an sace Jirgin Sama na Habasha Flight 961 kuma ya fadi a bakin tekun babban tsibirin. Mutane 125 sun mutu a cikin jirgin, ciki har da masu satar mutane uku da suka haifar da hadarin. Mutane 50 sun tsira.
A shekara ta 1997, buƙatun ƙarin ikon cin gashin kai a tsibirin Ndzuani (Anjouan) da Mwali (Moheli) sun haifar da rushewar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Tarayya. A shekara ta 2001, gwamnati ta sake fasalin ta a matsayin Union of the Comoros a karkashin sabon kundin tsarin mulki wanda ya ba kowane tsibirin uku ikon cin gashin kansa fiye da yadda aka ji daɗi a baya. A shekara ta 2008, Shugaban Anjouan ya ki gudanar da zabe kyauta. An tilasta masa ya gudu bayan shiga tsakani na soja da sojojin Tarayyar Comorian da Tarayyar Afirka. Kasar tsibirin ta ci gaba da tsarin mulkin tarayya na yanzu, duk da cewa tare da ƙananan canje-canje da aka amince da su a cikin raba gardama a cikin 2009 da 2018. [1]
Mayotte, wacce ta kada kuri'a don riƙe ikon mallakar Faransa a cikin raba gardama na 1975, ta nuna sha'awar shiga matsayin département d'outre-mer (DOM) (Overseas Department) biyo bayan wani raba gardama da aka gudanar a tsibirin a ranar 29 ga Maris 2009.[1] Mayotte a hukumance ta zama sashen Faransa na 101 a ranar 31 ga Maris 2011.
Ilimin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tafkin Comoros ya ƙunshi tsibiran aman wuta. Waɗannan tsibiran aman wuta, tare da manyan duwatsu a arewacin Madagascar, an kafa su ne a zamanin Tertiary da Quaternary . Tsibirin Mayotte shine mafi tsufa wanda har yanzu yana saman matakin teku kuma ya fuskanci matakai uku na aman wuta tsakanin shekaru miliyan 15 zuwa 500,000 da suka gabata. Shekaru suna raguwa a hankali daga gabas zuwa yamma. Grande Comore ita ce tsibiri mafi ƙarami kuma har yanzu tana aiki da aman wuta. Karthala, wani dutsen mai aman wuta mai kariya wanda ya mamaye kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na tsibirin, yana tashi zuwa mita 2361 (ƙafa 7746). Babban dutsen caldera yana da girma sosai, yana da kusan 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) a girmansa a gefen (2007).