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Tsibirin Jeju

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Tsibirin Jeju
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Hallasan (en) Fassara
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara 1,950 m
Tsawo 73 km
Fadi 31 km
Yawan fili 1,848 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 33°21′56″N 126°31′41″E / 33.36556°N 126.52806°E / 33.36556; 126.52806
Kasa Koriya ta Kudu
Territory Jeju Province (en) Fassara, South Jeolla (en) Fassara da Jeolla (en) Fassara
Flanked by Pacific Ocean
Hydrography (en) Fassara

Jeju IslandIta ce babbar tsibiri a Koriya ta Kudu, tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 1,833.2 (mil murabba'i 707.8), wanda shine kashi 1.83% na jimlar yankin ƙasar.[1] Tare da tsibiran da ke wajen, tana cikin lardin Jeju kuma ta ƙunshi mafi yawan lardin..

Tsibirin yana cikin Koriya Strait, 82.8 km (51.4 mi) kudu da mafi kusa a kan Koriya Peninsula . Mutanen Jeju 'yan asalin tsibirin ne, kuma mutane na zamani sun zauna tun farkon zamanin Neolithic. UNESCO tana ɗaukar yaren Jeju a cikin haɗari. Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na Koriya inda Shamanism ya fi dacewa.

Tsibirin Jeju yana da siffar oval kuma yana da 73 km (45 mi) (45 gabas zuwa yamma da kilomita 31 km (19 mi) (19 arewa maso kudu, tare da gangara mai laushi a kusa da Hallasan a tsakiya. Tsawon babbar hanyar yana da kilomita 181 km (112 mi) (112 kuma bakin tekun yana da kilomita 258 km (160 mi) (160 mi). A arewacin tsibirin Jeju shine Gimnyeong Beach, a kudancin Songak Mountain, yammacin Suwol Peak, da gabashin Seongsan Ilchulbong.

The island was formed by the eruption of a submarine volcano approximately 2 million years ago. It contains a natural World Heritage Site, the Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes. Jeju Island has a subtropical climate; even in winter, the temperature rarely falls below 0 °C (32 °F). Jeju is a popular holiday destination and a sizable portion of the economy relies on tourism and related economic activity.

Sunayen tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taswirar Quelpaërt ko Tchæ-Tchiou ta 1894Che-Tchiou

A tarihi, an kira tsibirin da sunaye daban-daban ciki har da:

  • Doi (도이; 島夷; barbari)
  • Dongyeongju (동영주; 東́州)
  • Juho (주호; 州胡)
  • Tammora (Shugabancin)
  • Seomna (Game da)
  • Tangna (yan uwa;
  • Tamna (Sau da; 延羅)
  • Quelpart, [1] [2] [3] Quelparte [4] ko Tsibirin Quelpaert [5]
  • Junweonhado (VARW; Hoton下島 ma'ana "karamin kudancin tsibirin")
  • Taekseungnido, ma'ana "tsibiran zafi mai zaman lafiya a Joseon")
  • Samdado (삼다도; 三多島) ma'ana "Island of Three Abundance") [6]
  • Sammudo (삼무도; 三無島)
  • Cheju (spelling har zuwa 7 ga Yuli 2000)

Kafin mamayewar Japan a 1910, tsibirin yawanci ana kiransa Quelpart (Quelpaërt, Quelpaert) ga Turawa; [7] a lokacin mamayewar an san shi da sunan Jafananci Saishū . Sunan Quelpart wanda ya fito daga harshen Faransanci an tabbatar da shi a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland ba daga 1648 ba kuma yana iya nuna jirgin farko na Yaren mutanen Dutch don gano tsibirin, quelpaert de Brack a kusa da 1642, ko kuma wasu kamanceceniyar tsibirin daga wani kusurwa zuwa wannan aji na jiragen ruwa (ƙaramin jirgin ruwa, wanda ake kira Galiot).

Masu binciken Turai na farko da suka ga tsibirin, Portuguese, sun kira shi Ilha de Ladrones (Island of Thieves). [8]

Sunan "Fungma island" ya bayyana a cikin "Atlas of China" na M. Martini wanda ya isa China a matsayin mai wa'azi a ƙasashen waje a shekara ta 1655. [9]

Shuke-shuke da dabbobi waɗanda sunayensu na kimiyya suka bayyana su kamar yadda suka fito daga Jeju

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsire-tsire da dabbobi da yawa suna da maganganun kimiyya waɗanda ke bayyana su a matsayin "sun fito" ko ana samun su a Jeju-do. (Yawancin waɗannan ba a samun su a wani wuri ba.)

quelpartensis

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Jejuensis

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  • Stegasta jejuensis Park da Omelko, 1994 (moth)
  • Camponotus jejuensis Kim da Kim, 1986 (ant)
  • Cosmetura jejuensis Storozhenko da Paik, 2009 (tsuntsu)
  • Martensia jejuensis Y. Lee 2004 (algae)
  • Huperzia jejuensis B.-Y Sun & J. Lim (lycopodium)

chejuensis

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Tarihi

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Tsibirin Jeju ya kasance mazaunin mutane na zamani tun farkon zamanin Neolithic. Babu wani tarihin tarihi da aka gano game da kafa ko farkon tarihin Tamna. Wata labari ta ce masu kafa kasar guda uku - Go (고), Yang (양), da Bu (부) - sun fito ne daga ramuka uku a ƙasa a karni na 24 BC. Wadannan ramuka, wadanda aka fi sani da Samseonghyeol (삼성 Конечно), har yanzu ana kiyaye su a Birnin Jeju . [10] Har zuwa 938 AD, tsibirin ya kasance masarauta mai zaman kanta da ake kira Tamna (wanda ke nufin 'ƙasar tsibirin') lokacin da ya zama jihar Koriya a ƙarƙashin Goryeo" id="mw_Q" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Goryeo">Daular Goryeo. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1330, a tsakiyar tsarkakewar siyasa na Daular Yuan, an tura Toghon Temür gudun hijira a wannan tsibirin mai nisa, wanda a lokacin ya kasance wani ɓangare na Goryeo na Koriya. A cikin 1404, Taejong na Joseon ya sanya tsibirin a ƙarƙashin iko na tsakiya kuma ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin Tamna.

Daga Afrilu 1948 zuwa Mayu 1949, shi ne wurin Tashin hankali na Jeju, a lokacin da aka kashe kusan mutane 30,000 kuma 40,000 suka gudu zuwa Japan. Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Koriya ta Kudu (WPSK) ta kaddamar da tawaye a kan gwamnati a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1948 wanda gwamnatin Koriya ta Koriya da ke goyon bayan Amurka ta Syngman Rhee ta tsananta masa. A shekara ta 2003, Kwamitin Binciken Gaskiya na Kasa game da abin da ya faru a Jeju 3 ga Afrilu ya bayyana lamarin a matsayin kisan kare dangi. Hukumar ta tabbatar da cewa an kashe mutane 14,373 a lokacin tashin hankali, 86% daga jami'an tsaro da 14% daga 'yan tawaye. Hukumar ta kiyasta jimlar mutuwar a kusan 30,000. Sauran kafofin sun kiyasta sama da 80,000 zuwa 100,000 da aka kashe.[11] Ayyukan ambaton tashin hankali ana hukunta su ta hanyar duka, azabtarwa, da kuma hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku mai tsanani daga gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, bayan haka gwamnatin Koriya da ta Kudu ta yarda cewa tashin hankali na Jeju ya faru.[12]

Yanayin ƙasa

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Jeju tsibiri ne mai fitattun wuta, wanda Hallasan ya mamaye: dutsen fitattun wuta mai mita 1,947 (6,388 kuma dutse mafi girma a Koriya ta Kudu. Tsibirin ya kai kimanin kilomita 73 (45 a fadin, gabas zuwa yamma, da kilomita 41 (25 daga arewa zuwa kudu. Har ila yau, tsibirin yana da kusan ma'adinai 360: ƙananan tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawancin waɗannan yanzu sanannun abubuwan jan hankali ne na yawon bude ido, kamar GeomunOreum, Yongnuni Oreum, da Geum Oreum. [13]

Tsibirin da aka kafa ta hanyar fashewar dutsen wuta kimanin shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata, a lokacin zamanin Pleistocene. Tsibirin ya kunshi basalt da lava.

Aljanna mai ruhohi a tsibirin Jeju

Yankin da ke rufe kusan 12% (kilomita murabba'in 24 ko kilomita murabba'i 86) na tsibirin Jeju ana kiransa gotjawal, kalmar gida don gandun daji.[14] Wannan yanki ya kasance ba a noma shi ba har zuwa karni na 21, kamar yadda tushe na 'a'a lava ya sa ya zama da wahala a bunkasa aikin gona. Saboda wannan gandun daji ya kasance mai tsabta na dogon lokaci, yana da yanayin muhalli na musamman.[15]

Dajin shine babban tushen ruwan kasa kuma saboda haka shine babban tushen ruwa ga mutane rabin miliyan na tsibirin, saboda ruwan sama yana shiga kai tsaye cikin ruwa ta hanyar tsagewar 'a'a lava a ƙarƙashin gandun daji. Garin Gotjawal an dauke shi wuri mai mahimmanci a duniya a karkashin Yarjejeniyar Ramsar ta wasu masu bincike saboda wurin zama ne na nau'ikan tsire-tsire na musamman kuma shine babban tushen ruwa ga mazauna, kodayake har zuwa yau ba a ayyana shi a matsayin shafin Ramsar ba. [16]

Kafawa

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  • Kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata, tsibirin Jeju an kafa shi ne ta hanyar aikin dutsen wuta. 
  • Kimanin shekaru miliyan 1.2 da suka gabata, an kafa ɗakin magma a ƙarƙashin teku kuma ya fara fashewa. 
  • Kimanin shekaru dubu 700 da suka gabata, an kafa tsibirin ta hanyar aikin dutsen wuta. Ayyukan dutsen wuta sun tsaya kusan shekaru dubu 100.
  • Kimanin shekaru dubu 300 da suka gabata, aikin dutsen wuta ya sake farawa tare da bakin teku.
  • Kimanin shekaru dubu 100 da suka gabata, aikin dutsen wuta ya kafa Dutsen Hallasan .
  • Kimanin shekaru dubu 25 da suka gabata, fashewar gefe a kusa da Dutsen Hallasan ya bar Oreum da yawa (ƙananan 'parasitic' cones a gefen farko).
  • Ayyukan dutsen wuta wanda ya tsaya kuma ya tsawaita yanayin yanayi da rushewa ya taimaka wajen tsara tsibirin.[17]

Yanayi

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Yawancin tsibirin Jeju yana da Yanayin zafi mai zafi (Cfa a cikin rarraba yanayin Köppen). Ana samun yanayi daban-daban guda huɗu a Jeju: hunturu yana da sanyi tare da ruwan sama mai matsakaici, yayin da lokacin rani yana da zafi da zafi tare da ruwan kasa mai yawa.

Birnin Jeju, ɓangaren arewacin tsibirin, yana da sanyi a cikin hunturu fiye da ɓangaren kudanci saboda tasirin iskar yanayi. Gosan-ri, wanda ke gefen yammacin tsibirin, yana da mafi ƙarancin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a tsibirin. Koyaya, ba kamar yawancin sassan Koriya ba, ruwan sama na yanayi a Gosan-ri an rarraba shi daidai. Tsibirin Chuja, wanda yake na Birnin Jeju, tsibiri ne da ke tsakanin Koriya da Tsibirin Jeju kuma suna da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Cfa).Samfuri:Jeju City weatherboxSeogwipo, yankin kudancin tsibirin, ya fi zafi a lokacin hunturu fiye da Jeju City saboda Hallasan a tsakiyar tsibirin yana toshe iskar yanayi ta nahiyar. Cikin garin Seogwipo yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki mafi girma a watan Janairu a Koriya, koda idan aka kwatanta da babban yankin Koriya. Seongsan-eup, a gefen kudu maso gabashin tsibirin, yana fuskantar matsalar ruwan sama na Gabashin Asiya da Tsushima Current, don haka ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da yawa sosai. Seogwipo yana ɗaya daga cikin yankunan da ke da mafi yawan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Koriya.Samfuri:Seogwipo weatherboxYanayin tsaunuka a tsakiyar tsibirin inda Hallasan yake ya bambanta da na sauran tsibirin. Yayin da tsawo ke ƙaruwa, matsakaicin zafin jiki yana raguwa kuma yanayin ya zama mai sanyi. Yankunan tsaunuka na tsibirin Jeju suna da mafi girman ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Koriya.

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]

A watan Janairun 2016, guguwar sanyi ta shafi tsibirin Jeju. Snow da yanayin sanyi sun tilasta soke jirage 1,200 a tsibirin Jeju, inda suka rataye kusan fasinjoji 90,300. 

Dubi kuma

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  • Jeju Black, asalin shanu
  • Jeju Black alade, asalin alade
  • Doki na Jeju, nau'in doki na asali
  • Tsibirin Jeju Volcanic da Tubes na Lava

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  1. ↑ Hulbert, H. B (1905). "The Island of Quelpart". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 37 (7): 396–408. doi:10.2307/198722. JSTOR 198722.
  2. ↑ "Photographic image of map". Archived from the original (JPG) on 6 April 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  3. ↑ Hall, R. Burnett (1926). "Quelpart Island and Its People". Geographical Review. 16 (1): 60–72. Bibcode:1926GeoRv..16...60H. doi:10.2307/208503. JSTOR 208503.
  4. ↑ Hulbert, Archer Butler (1902). "The Queen of Quelparte".
  5. ↑ Sokol, A. E (1948). "The Name of Quelpaert Island". Isis. 38 (3/4): 231–235. doi:10.1086/348077. S2CID 144230819.
  6. ↑ "Jeju Island Facts". Softschools.com. Archived from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  7. ↑ "The Island of Quelpart" (PDF). Fs.unm.edu.
  8. ↑ Sokol, A. E. (February 1948). "The Name Of Quelpaert Island". Isis. 38 (3/4): 231–235. doi:10.1086/348077. S2CID 144230819. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  9. ↑ "The memory and traces of marine exchange:Jeju Island in eastern and western antique maps" (PDF). eastsea1994.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  10. ↑ "Jeju (Cheju) Island Travel Information: Samseonghyeol". Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Tucker, Spencer C. (December 2010). "The Korean War, 1950–53: from maneuver to stalemate". Korean Journal of Defense Analysis. 22 (4): 421–433. doi:10.1080/10163271.2010.519926. ISSN 1016-3271.
  12. ↑ Zelikow, Philip; Johnson, Chalmers (2000). "Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire". Foreign Affairs. 79 (5): 138. doi:10.2307/20049919. ISSN 0015-7120. JSTOR 20049919.
  13. ↑ "Geumak (Geum) Oreum Volcanic Cone". www.visitjeju.net (in Turanci). Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  14. ↑ "RISS 통합검색 - 국내학술지논문 상세보기". Riss4u.net.
  15. ↑ "RISS 통합검색 - 학위논문 상세보기". Riss4u.net.
  16. ↑ "Ramsar site list" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2007.
  17. ↑ 제주특별자치도 자연환경생태정보시스템. nature.jeju.go.kr. Archived from the original on 12 July 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
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